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  • 1
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    Long-duration transit and food and water deprivation alter behavioral activities and aggressive interactions at the feed bunk in beef feedlot steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01)
    Abstract: The objective of these experiments was to assess the effects of food and water deprivation and transit duration on the behavior of beef feedlot steers. In Experiment 1, 36 Angus-cross steers (353 ± 10 kg) were stratified to 6 pens and assigned one of three treatments (n = 12 steers per treatment): control (CON; stayed in home pens with ad libitum access to feed and water), deprived (DEPR; stayed in home pens but deprived of feed and water for 18 h), or transported (TRANS; subjected to 18-h transit event and returned to home pens). In Experiment 2, 60 Angus-cross steers (398 ± 5 kg; 6 steers per pen) were transported either 8 (8H) or 18 (18H) h. Four 8H pens (n = 24 steers) and six 18H pens (n = 36 steers) were used for behavioral analysis. In both experiments, the time to eat, drink, and lay down was recorded for each steer upon return to home pens. Total pen displacements from the feed bunk were also assessed for the 2 h following feed access in both experiments. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS 9.4, with treatment as a fixed effect. Steer was the experimental unit for behavioral activities, while pen was the experimental unit for bunk displacements. Displacements were analyzed as repeated measures with the repeated variable of time. In Experiment 1, the time to eat and drink was similar across treatments (P ≥ 0.17). However, TRANS laid down in 16.5 min while DEPR did not lay down until 70.5 min post-arrival to pen (P & lt; 0.01). Deprived steers had greater bunk displacements in the first 70 min post-feed access than CON or TRANS, though displacements among treatments from 100 to 120 min post-feed access were similar (treatment × time: P = 0.02). In Experiment 2, both 8H and 18H steers laid down approximately 25 min post-home pen arrival (P = 0.14). There was no effect of transit duration or duration by time on bunk displacements (P ≥ 0.20), though displacements were greater from 0 to 20 min than from 20 to 30 min post-feed access (time: P = 0.04). Steers that were deprived of feed and water were highly motivated to access those resources, while transported steers prioritized laying down. Producers should consider these priorities when preparing to receive cattle from a long transit event.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac060
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Effect of bis-glycinate bound zinc or zinc sulfate on zinc metabolism in growing lambs
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2021-09-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2021-09-01)
    Abstract: To assess the efficacy of bis-glycinate bound Zn, 36 crossbred wethers (34 ± 2 kg) were sorted by body weight into three groups and stagger started on a Zn-deficient diet (18 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]; 22.5% neutral detergent fiber [NDF] ) for 45 d prior to a 15-d metabolism period (10 d adaptation and 5 d collection). On day 46, lambs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (four lambs treatment−1group−1): no supplemental Zn (CON) or 15 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZINC) as Zn sulfate (ZS) or bis-glycinate (GLY; Plexomin Zn, Phytobiotics). Blood was collected from all lambs on days 1, 44, 56, and 61. Liver, jejunum, and longissimus dorsi samples were collected after euthanasia on day 61. Gene expression was determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = lamb; fixed effects = treatment, group, and breed) and contrast statements assessed the effects of supplemental Zn concentration (ZINC vs. CON) and source (GLY vs. ZS). After 15 d of Zn supplementation, plasma Zn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON and GLY vs. ZS (P ≤ 0.01); tissue Zn concentrations were unaffected (P ≥ 0.27). Liver Cu concentrations were lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.03). Longissimus dorsi Mn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.05) and tended to be lesser for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.09). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and NDF was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.05); acid detergent fiber digestibility tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.06). Nitrogen retention (g/d) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.10), and N apparent absorption was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Zinc intake, fecal output, retention, and apparent absorption were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.01). Apparent absorption of Zn was −5.1%, 12.8%, and 15.0% for CON, ZS, and GLY, respectively. Nitrogen and Zn retention and apparent absorption were not correlated for CON (P ≥ 0.14) but were positively correlated for ZINC (retention: P = 0.02, r = 0.52; apparent absorption: P & lt; 0.01, r = 0.73). Intestinal expression of Zn transporter ZIP4 was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Liver expression of metallothionein-1 (MT1) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.07). Although Zn apparent absorption did not differ between sources (P = 0.71), differences in post-absorptive metabolism may be responsible for greater plasma Zn concentrations and liver MT1 expression for GLY-supplemented lambs, suggesting improved bioavailability of GLY relative to ZS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab252
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Effects of including Sweet Bran or modified distillers grains in the diet of feedlot steers and sorting at terminal implant on growth performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess occurrence
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Translational Animal Science Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2022-10-01)
    Details
    In: Translational Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2022-10-01)
    Abstract: The objectives were to assess the effects of dietary Sweet Bran (Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, NE) on performance and feeding behavior of feedlot steers and determine if terminal implant pen sorting affects performance, feeding behavior, and liver abscess (LA) rate. Two hundred sixteen Angus-cross steers (253 ± 18 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW) to 36 pens. From d 0 to 60, diets contained 40% Sweet Bran (SWBR) or 25% modified distiller’s grains and 15% dry rolled corn (MOD; n = 18 pens/treatment). On d 60, steers began transition within treatments to finishing diets containing 25% Sweet Bran or 25% modified distiller’s grains (MDGS). On d 111, half of the pens for each dietary treatment were re-stratified by BW to pens (SORT) while the other half were returned to original pens (NOSORT; n = 9 pens/treatment). Steer BW and pen dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded monthly. Rate of feed disappearance was determined on d 5/6, 53/54, 104/105, and 117/118. Pen was the experimental unit for all analyses. The model included the fixed effect of diet for all pre-sort analyses; post-sort analyses included the fixed effects of diet, sort, and the interaction and the random effects of pen and the interaction of diet and pen. On d 60, SWBR had greater BW than MOD (P = 0.05), and SWBR had a greater average daily gain (ADG) from d 0 to 60 (P = 0.05). Though there were no differences after d 28, SWBR had greater DMI d 0 to 28 (P = 0.05). From d 60 to 88, SWBR tended to have lesser ADG than MOD (P = 0.09). Post-sort (d 111 to 196), SWBR tended to have lesser ADG than MOD (P = 0.06), and SORT had a greater rate of feed disappearance than NOSORT (d 117/118; P = 0.01); there were no differences on other dates (Diet: P ≥ 0.38). For final BW, there was a tendency for MOD to be greater than SWBR, and SORT tended to be greater than NOSORT (Diet: P = 0.06; Sort: P = 0.10). Pre- and post-sort ruminal pH had no treatment by day differences (P ≥ 0.77). LA incidence averaged 25%, though rate was not affected by diet, sorting, or the interaction (P ≥ 0.16). Overall, there were no dietary differences in feed disappearance rates, though SORT steers had greater rate of feed disappearance than NOSORT steers on d 117/118. Nominal differences in feeding behavior were noted and including Sweet Bran in the diet was beneficial in the growing period as cattle adjusted to the feedlot.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2573-2102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac112
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    257 Including Sweet Bran in the Diet of Growing Feedlot Steers Increased Body Weight and Influenced Rate of Feed Disappearance
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 126-126
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 126-126
    Abstract: This study assessed the effect of Sweet BranTM (SWBR; 40% DM inclusion; Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, NE) or modified distiller’s grains (MDGS; 25% DM inclusion) in the diet of newly received feedlot steers on feeding behavior and growing period performance. Diets were formulated for similar metabolizable protein and DM. Two hundred sixteen freshly weaned Angus-cross steers (253 kg ± 18.1) were stratified by BW to 36 pens (n = 18 per treatment; 6 steers/pen). Individual BW were recorded on d 0, 28, and 60. Eight pens per treatment were utilized to assess rate of feed disappearance early (day 5 and 6) and late (53 and 54) during growing by weighing feed in bunks every 2 hours post-delivery for 12 consecutive hours. Feed weights were averaged across consecutive days within pen and timepoint. Slopes were calculated between each timepoint to determine rate of feed disappearance. Data were analyzed with Proc Mixed of SAS 9.4; diet was fixed effect and pen was experimental unit. Feed disappearance slopes were analyzed as repeated measures with the repeated effect of time. Body weights did not differ on d 28 (P ≥ 0.29), but d 60 BW and d 0 to 60 ADG were greater for SWBR than MDGS (P & lt; 0.05). Steers fed SWBR had greater DMI throughout the trial (P & lt; 0.05). Feed efficiency (G:F) did not differ throughout the trial (P ≥ 0.31). Rate of feed disappearance on d 5/6 was greater for SWBR between hours 6–8, and greater for MDGS from hours 10–12. On d 53/54, SWBR had increased feeding rate during hours 0–2, while MDGS was increased from hours 8–10. Steers fed SWBR had a greater rate of feed disappearance earlier in the day and had improved DMI and growth than steers fed MDGS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab054.210
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    392 Vitamin C and transit stress in beef cattle
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 168-168
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 168-168
    Abstract: Transportation of cattle by road is unavoidable in beef production due to segmentation of the industry. Psychological and physical stress associated with transit can negatively impact cattle health and performance upon arrival at their destination. Thus, investigation of resiliency or recovery-based nutritional strategies to mitigate transit stress are warranted. Because oxidative stress is likely linked to transportation stress, one such strategy is antioxidants such as vitamin C (VC). Seventy-two Angus-cross steers (356 ± 18 kg) were used to determine the effects of a pre- versus post-transit VC injection on 56 d feedlot performance. Steers were randomly assigned to intramuscular injection treatments (24 steers/treatment): saline pre- and post-transit (CON), VC (Vet One; 250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL; 5 g sodium ascorbate/steer) pre-transit and saline post-transit (PRE), or saline pre-transit and VC post-transit (POST). Steers were transported for ~18 h (1,675 km) prior to sorting into pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks (6 steers/pen). Blood was collected from 12 steers/treatment on d 0, 1, 2, and 7 for analysis of plasma ascorbate concentrations. Plasma ascorbate concentrations were decreased by ~10% immediately post-transit for CON and POST-steers but increased for PRE-steers; regardless of treatment, concentrations were similar to pre-transit values by d 7 (treatment × day; P & lt; 0.01). Steers that received VC at either timepoint (pre- or post-transit) exhibited greater dry matter intake from d 31–57 and d 1–57 compared to CON-steers (P ≤ 0.02). However, PRE-steers exhibited the greatest average daily gain from d 7–31 and d 1–57 (P ≤ 0.05), resulting in PRE-steers being heaviest on d 30/31 (P = 0.03) and tending to be heaviest on d 56/57 (P = 0.07). Based on these data, timing of nutritional intervention is vital for optimal effectiveness. Furthermore, nutritional strategies that improve antioxidant status prior to long-distance transit events may positively influence post-transit performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.308
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    160 Injectable Vitamin C Prior to Transit and Transit Duration Effects on Feedlot Performance, Inflammation, and Muscle Fatigue of Beef Steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 121-121
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-05-07), p. 121-121
    Abstract: This study examined the effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) before transport and duration of transit on feedlot performance, inflammation, and muscle fatigue in cattle. One hundred thirty-one, Angus-cross steers (409 ± 4 kg) were stratified by bodyweight (BW) to a 2 × 2 factorial of intramuscular injection (INJ; 20 mL/steer): VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) and road transit duration (DUR): 18 (18; 1,770 km) or 8 h (8; 727 km). On d 0, steers were weighed and received INJ of SAL or VC immediately before transport. Upon return (d 1), BW and blood were collected before steers returned to pens with GrowSafe bunks. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 7, 15, 30, 31, 54, and 55. Data were analyzed via ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; 32–34 steers/treatment) with fixed effects of INJ, DUR, and the interaction. Blood was collected on d -5, 1, 2, and 3 (9 steers/treatment); blood parameters were analyzed as repeated measures. Average daily gain (ADG) and BW were greater on d 7 and 15 for SAL-18 compared to all other treatments (INJ × DUR, P & lt; 0.01). Final BW, overall ADG, and gain:feed were greater for 18 than 8 (P & lt; 0.01). Injection did not affect BW (P & gt; 0.13) but VC decreased overall dry matter intake compared to SAL (P = 0.03). Steers transported for 18 h had greater serum lactate, haptoglobin, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations on d 1 compared to steers transported for 8 h (DUR × DAY, P & lt; 0.01). Day 1 plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater for VC and returned to baseline concentrations by d 2 (INJ × DAY, P & lt; 0.01). In contrast to previous work, VC did not improve post-transit performance; however, longer transit duration increased indicators of muscle fatigue and inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab054.200
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    191 Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function of beef steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 152-153
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_4 ( 2020-11-30), p. 152-153
    Abstract: Ninety-one early-weaned (65 ± 11 d) Angus steers (92 ± 4 kg) were blocked by age to a 2 × 2 factorial examining effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and/or prior to transport to the feedlot on antibody titers and growth performance. Injections (20 mL/steer) of VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) were given at time of weaning on d 0 (WEAN) and/or prior to a 6 hr trucking event to a feedlot on d 49 (TRANS). Steers were given booster vaccinations on d 0. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (12 steers/treatment) on d 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and post-transit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed via Proc-Mixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; n = 22–23/treatment) with fixed effects of block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations for weaning (d 0, 1, and 2) and transit (d 49-pre-trucking, 49-post-trucking, 50, and 51) were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning (VC = 19.6, SAL = 8.8 ± 1.26 µM; WEAN × day P & lt; 0.01). Similarly, ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 49 post-trucking, 50, and 51 for steers that received VC pre-transit (TRANS × day P = 0.01). Treatments did not affect bodyweight or average daily gain throughout the trial (P & gt; 0.32). There were no effects of treatment on serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 2 antibody titers on d 14 or 51 (P & gt; 0.33). An injection of VC administered to early weaned beef steers at weaning or pre-transit increases plasma ascorbate concentrations but does not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa278.278
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
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    Effects of injectable vitamin E before or after transit on receiving phase growth performance, health, and blood parameters of beef steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Abstract: The objective was to determine the effects of injectable vitamin E (VE) before or after transit on feedlot cattle receiving performance, health, and blood parameters. Angus × Simmental steers (n = 196; body weight [BW] = 163 ± 29 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design. Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: intramuscular injections of saline pre- and post-transit (CON), intramuscular injections of VE (2,000 mg d-α-tocopherol) pre-transit and saline post-transit (PRE), or intramuscular injections of saline pre-transit and VE (2,000 mg d-α-tocopherol) post-transit (POST). Pre-transit injections were administered on day 0, and steers were transported on day 7 for approximately 4 h (348 km). After arrival, steers were fed a common corn silage-based diet in GrowSafe bunks. Final BW tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for CON steers compared with POST steers while PRE steers were intermediate. From days 7 to 63, treatment affected average daily gain (ADG) with PRE and CON steers exhibiting (P = 0.04) greater ADG compared with POST steers. Dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, and gain to feed from days 7 to 63 were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatment. Day 0 serum α-tocopherol concentrations were considered marginal (2.3 ± 0.2 mg/l). A treatment × day interaction (P & lt; 0.01) was observed for serum α-tocopherol concentrations. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations were greatest for PRE steers on day 7 (prior to and post-transit), but greater for POST steers on dys 10 and 14. Plasma ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentrations increased (P = 0.04) for POST steers compared with CON steers and PRE steers being intermediate. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations exhibited a treatment × day interaction (P = 0.04) with CON and POST steers being 16% and 14% greater than PRE steers on day 14, respectively. On day 21, NEFA concentrations were greatest for POST steers compared with PRE steers and CON steers being intermediate. There was no main effect (P ≥ 0.14) of treatment on the number of bovine respiratory disease morbidity treatments. Hair cortisol concentrations were decreased (P & lt; 0.01) 14 days after transit for PRE and POST steers compared with CON steers. Overall, injectable VE administered before or after transit increased serum tocopherol concentrations while reducing stress, but did not improve the growth performance of beef steers during the receiving phase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac333
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    104 Effects of nutritional management and implant strategies on growth and carcass performance of steers selected for superior marbling
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 98, No. Supplement_3 ( 2020-11-30), p. 131-131
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 98, No. Supplement_3 ( 2020-11-30), p. 131-131
    Abstract: A 187-day study utilizing Angus steers (283±4.4 kg) in a 2 x 2 factorial examined the effects of diet and implant strategy on growth and carcass performance of steers selected from Iowa State’s Angus herd genetically selected for enhanced marbling. Factors included diet: finishing (63 NEg; 12% roughage; FIN) or backgrounding (57 NEg, 30% roughage) fed for first 70 days before transitioning to finishing diet (BKG) and implant strategy (IMP): single, long duration implant administered on d0 (Synovex One Feedlot, Zoetis; ONE) or a multiple, regular duration implant strategy (Synovex S on d0, Synovex Choice on d70 and d155, Zoetis; SCC) designed to match trenbolone acetate delivery of 200 mg. Steers were stratified to treatment by marbling potential and initial body weight, and fed via bunks that captured individual steer feed disappearance (n = 15 steers/treatment). Carcass ultrasound, including percent intramuscular fat (IMF), was collected on d0, 70, 155, and 187. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, IMP, and interaction. Initial weight was covariate for performance data, and initial IMF was covariate for IMF analysis. Steers fed BKG had greater DMI, lower ADG, and decreased G:F (P & lt; 0.01) during first 70 days versus FIN. Implant strategy had no effect on growth at d0-d154. From d155-d187, IMP affected ADG (P=0.01) with ONE having lesser ADG, while BKG had greater ADG than FIN. ONE had greater marbling and IMF (P=0.01) on d187 than SCC, suggesting greater IMF deposition during the final re-implant period (d155-d187) and reinforcing the importance for timing of implant administration. Regardless of IMP or diet, steers selected for enhanced marbling graded 100% Choice and higher with 65% of carcasses grading Prime, suggesting potential for using implants to increase efficiency without sacrificing carcass quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa054.226
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
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    Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance of early-weaned beef steers
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 101 ( 2023-01-03)
    Abstract: This study investigated the effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function in early-weaned beef steers. On day 0, 91 Angus × Simmental steers (92 ± 4 kg) were weaned (65 ± 11 d of age), given vaccination boosters, blocked by age, and randomly assigned to weaning (WEAN) treatments: intramuscular injections (20 mL per steer) of VC (250-mg sodium ascorbate per mL; 5 g per steer) or saline (SAL). From days 0 to 48, steers were housed at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center (Simpson, IL) in pens (six pens; N = 14 to 16 steers per pen) equipped with two to three Vytelle bunks to measure individual daily feed disappearance. On day 49, half of the steers in each WEAN treatment were randomly assigned to an additional injection treatment (20 mL per steer) of VC or SAL prior to transport (TRANS). After administering pretransit injections, all steers were loaded onto a commercial livestock trailer with equal representation of treatments across compartments. Steers were transported for 6 h (approximately 480 km) to the Illinois Beef and Sheep Field Laboratory (Urbana, IL). Upon arrival, steers were sorted into pens (six pens; N = 13 to 17 steers per pen) with 2 Vytelle bunks per pen. Steers were weighed on days 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 78, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (WEAN = 24 steers per treatment; TRANS = 12 steers per treatment) on days 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and posttransit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of age block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater (WEAN × time P & lt; 0.01) on days 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning. Similarly, for steers that received VC on day 49 pretransit, ascorbate concentrations were greater (TRANS × time P = 0.04) on days 49 posttransit, 50, and 51. Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) body weight, average daily gain, or gain to feed throughout the trial. Serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1 and 2 antibody titers on days 14 and 51 were not affected (P ≥ 0.32) by treatment. Injectable VC administered to early-weaned beef steers at the time of weaning or pretransit increased plasma ascorbate concentrations but did not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.
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    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac307
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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