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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Epidemiology of TORCH Infections and Understanding the Serology in Their Diagnosis
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Fetal Medicine Vol. 07, No. 01 ( 2020-03), p. 25-29
    Details
    In: Journal of Fetal Medicine, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 07, No. 01 ( 2020-03), p. 25-29
    Abstract: TORCH, as coined by Nahmias et al. consists of Toxoplasmosis, other infections (includes, syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis viruses, varicella virus and Parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus. These infections are transmitted prenatally, perinatally, and postnatally through transplacental passage, contact with blood and vaginal secretions or from exposure to breast milk for CMV, HIV and HSV and infection generally manifests at birth, in infancy or in later years of life. The disease burden is maximum in low to middle-income countries. As treatment and prevention strategies are available for most of these infections, early recognition including prenatal serological screening are important. But routine full screening of ‘TORCH panel” is not recommended in low risk asymptomatic pregnant women. It is indicated in pregnancies with congenital infections, fetal hydrops, fetal brain lesions, unexplained IUGR, in pregnant women with non-vesicular rash or other signs and symptoms suggestive of systemic infections or in women with a history of contact with a person with such illness. The following article highlights the importance of serological tests for the diagnosis of TORCH infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2348-1153 , 2348-8859
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40556-019-00232-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2806650-9
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  • 2
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    Atypical bacterial co‐infections among patients with COVID‐19: A study from India
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Medical Virology Vol. 94, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 303-309
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Virology, Wiley, Vol. 94, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 303-309
    Abstract: Emerging evidence shows co‐infection with atypical bacteria in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. Respiratory illness caused by atypical bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Chlamydia pneumoniae , and Legionella pneumophila may show overlapping manifestations and imaging features with COVID‐19 causing clinical and laboratory diagnostic issues. We conducted a prospective study to identify co‐infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 and atypical bacteria in an Indian tertiary hospital. From June 2020 to January 2021, a total of 194 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 were also tested for atypical bacterial pathogens. For diagnosing M. pneumoniae , a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and serology (IgM ELISA) were performed. C. pneumoniae diagnosis was made based on IgM serology. L. pneumophila diagnosis was based on PCR or urinary antigen testing. Clinical and epidemiological features of SARS‐CoV‐2 and atypical bacteria‐positive and ‐negative patient groups were compared. Of the 194 patients admitted with COVID‐19, 17 (8.8%) were also diagnosed with M. pneumoniae ( n  = 10) or C. pneumoniae infection ( n  = 7). Confusion, headache, and bilateral infiltrate were found more frequently in the SARS CoV‐2 and atypical bacteria co‐infection group. Patients in the M. pneumoniae or C. pneumoniae co‐infection group were more likely to develop ARDS, required ventilatory support, had a longer hospital length of stay, and higher fatality rate compared to patients with only SARS‐CoV‐2. Our report highlights co‐infection with bacteria causing atypical pneumonia should be considered in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 depending on the clinical context. Timely identification of co‐existing pathogens can provide pathogen‐targeted treatment and prevent fatal outcomes of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 during the current pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0146-6615 , 1096-9071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.v94.1
    DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27324
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 752392-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475090-9
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  • 3
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    A rare case of complicated pancreatitis due to leptospirosis
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2022-10), p. 602-604
    Details
    In: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 40, No. 4 ( 2022-10), p. 602-604
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0255-0857
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.07.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2129136-6
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  • 4
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    Antibiotic resistance profile and co-production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and AmpC in Acinetobacter spp. in a level 1 trauma center from India
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Laboratory Physicians Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 2019-04), p. 128-132
    Details
    In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 2019-04), p. 128-132
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter baumannii has now emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen in health-care setting ESP in intensive care units. Rapidly growing resistance among clinical isolates suggests a need to detect resistance mechanisms in this organism. The present study was designed to compare the various phenotypic tests available with the gold standard of genotype. METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted to include all isolates of Acinetobacter spp. isolated over 3 years. Their resistance to various antibiotics was determined and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC production in the isolates showing resistance to ceftazidime/ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (CAZ/CTR/CTX) was determined. ESBL and AmpC production was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 154 strains were isolated, and all the strains were tested for ESBL and AmpC detection. Of the strains tested, 15 (9.7%), 17 (11%), 24 (15.6%), 27 (17.5%), 54 (35%), 67 (43.5%), and 72 (46.7%) strains showed ESBL production using CTX/CTX-clavulanate double-disc synergy test (DDST), CTX/CTX-clavulanate E-test, CAZ/CAZ-clavulanate DDST, CAZ/CAZ-clavulanate E-test, Piperacillin/Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZ) DDST, CTR/CTR-Sulbactum DDST, and Piperacillin/Piperacillin-TZ E-test, respectively. 20 (12.9%) and 19 (12.3%) of strains were positive for AmpC production using AmpC disc test and Boronic acid inhibition test, respectively. Genotype analysis using PCR for TEM, SHV, CTXM, PER, and VEB genes was done and 69 (51.5%) strains were positive for TEM gene. DISCUSSION: ESBL detection in Acinetobacter spp. is difficult as standard guidelines for the same are not available unlike in enterobacteriaceae, and there are no zone diameter breakpoints for aztreonam and cefpodoxime. In comparison, piperacillin/piperacillin-TZ E-test had the best sensitivity and specificity for ESBL detection. CONCLUSION: Standard guidelines for ESBL detection in nil fermeners like Acinetobacter spp. must be laid down for ease of detection. Use of piperacillin/piperacillin-tazobactam E-test could be used as one of the standard methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-2727 , 0974-7826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_139_18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461120-7
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  • 5
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    Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Laboratory Physicians Vol. 9, No. 02 ( 2017-04), p. 132-135
    Details
    In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 9, No. 02 ( 2017-04), p. 132-135
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia earlier had limited pathogenic potential, but now with growing degree of immunosuppression in general population, it is being recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective 7 years study was carried out to determine the clinical characteristics of all patients with Stenotrophomonas infections, antibiotic resistance pattern, and risk factors associated with hospital mortality. All patients with Stenotrophomonas culture positivity were identified and their medical records were reviewed. Risk factor associated with hospital mortality was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 123 samples obtained from 88 patients were culture positive. Most patients presented with bacteremia (45, 51%) followed by pneumonia (37, 42%) and skin and soft tissue infections (6, 7%). About 23 of 88 Stenotrophomonas infected patients had co-infection. Percentage resistance to cotrimoxazole; 8 (5.4%) was lower than that for levofloxacin; 18 (12%). Twenty-eight patients died during hospital stay. Intensive Care Unit admission (P = 0.0002), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.0004), central venous catheterization (P = 0.0227), urethral catheterization (P = 0.0484), and previous antibiotic intake (P = 0.0026) were independent risk factors associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that Stenotrophomonas can cause various infections irrespective of patient’s immune status and irrespective of potential source. Thus, Stenotrophomonas should be thought of as potential pathogen and its isolation should be looked with clinical suspicion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-2727 , 0974-7826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.199639
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461120-7
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  • 6
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    A 5-year surveillance on antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter isolates at a level-I trauma centre of India
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Laboratory Physicians Vol. 11, No. 01 ( 2019-01), p. 034-038
    Details
    In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 11, No. 01 ( 2019-01), p. 034-038
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Multiple antibiotic resistance is an important problem in Acinetobacter isolates in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of antimicrobial resistance and changes in resistance pattern over a period of 5 years (2012–2016) in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acinetobacter spp. was identified by VITEK 2 and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc-diffusion method and VITEK 2 automated system. Interpretation of susceptibility results was based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: Out of the total 16,210 isolates obtained throughout the period of 5 years, Acinetobacter spp. accounted for 3744 (28.9%). Out of which, the species which was maximally isolated was Acinetobacter baumannii (98.5%), followed by Acinetobacter lwoffii (1.4%) and Acinetobacter hemolyticus (0.1%). The highest number of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter were recovered from neurosurgical ward (n = 1210), followed by the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 1000) and surgical ICU (n = 948) and the most common sample of Acinetobacter isolation was from tracheal aspirate (37.1%), followed by wound swab (18.8%). The highest level of resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin (96%), followed by cefepime (95%), ceftazidime (95%), piperacillin (95%), and amikacin (92%). The trend of antibiotic resistance was found to be statistically significant (P 〈 0.001) for most of the antibiotics being tested such as amikacin and carbapenems. CONCLUSION: The high rate of antibiotic resistance of the Acinetobacter strains indicated that there is an urgent need for controlled antibiotic usage and appliance of hospital infection control measures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-2727 , 0974-7826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_72_18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461120-7
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  • 7
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    Aeromonas spp.: An Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Laboratory Physicians Vol. 8, No. 01 ( 2016-01), p. 001-004
    Details
    In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 8, No. 01 ( 2016-01), p. 001-004
    Abstract: Aeromonads are hallophillic, nonacid fast, nonspore forming, Gram-negative rods which are widely distributed in the soil, foodstuffs, and aquatic environment. Since times immemorial, they are important zoonotic pathogens of poikilotherms but are now emerging as important human pathogens. These emerging enteric pathogens flourish in the water distribution system by forming biofilms. They possess large number of virulence factors including inherent resistance to various antibiotics and ability to form biofilms using quorum sensing. These properties make them easy pathogens for human infections. Aeromonads are important enteric pathogens, but, with the growing level of immunosuppression in the population, they have been associated with various extraintestinal infections, such as skin and soft‑tissue infections, traumatic wound infections, and lower respiratory tract/ urinary tract infections. The average annual incidence of bacteremia in Southern Taiwan due to Aeromonas spp. was 76 cases/ million inhabitants between 2008 and 2010. However, the incidence reported from Western countries is much lower. The case fatality rate among patients with Aeromonas bacteremia ranges from 27.5 to 46%. Aeromonads are universally resistant to the narrow-spectrum penicillin group of antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin. They are however susceptible to piperacillin, azlocillin, second and third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Most of the Aeromonas species are susceptible to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and monobactams. This manuscript is a comprehensive systematic review of the literature available on Aeromonas spp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-2727 , 0974-7826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.176234
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461120-7
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  • 8
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    Prevalence and characterization of beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary care hospital in India
    Georg Thieme Verlag KG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Laboratory Physicians Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 2019-04), p. 123-127
    Details
    In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians, Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Vol. 11, No. 02 ( 2019-04), p. 123-127
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and characterize the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens by various phenotypic and genotypic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 196 consecutive, nonduplicate strains of clinically significant E. coli isolated from various clinical specimens were included in the study. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using Vitek-2 system (Biomerieux, France). Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs), Amp-C-β lactamase (Amp C), and carbapenemase production was done by various combination of disc diffusion methods, minimum inhibitory concentration determination by E-test, followed by polymerase-chain-reaction for the detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of ESBLs, Amp C, and carbapenemase production was found to be 88.3%, 42.2%, and 65.1% by the phenotypic detection methods. Our study also revealed high resistance rates against other antibiotics such as cefepime (89%), cefotaxime (95.4%), ceftazidime (85.4%), ceftriaxone (91.8%), cefpodoxime (92.7%), aztreonam (56.3%), piperacillin/tazobactam (89.2%), and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (76.3%). The most prevalent ESBL gene was blaTEM(67.30%), and least prevalent ESBL gene was blaVEB(2.61%). In case of Amp C, blaFOXgene (21.9%) was predominant. Among the genes encoding for carbapenemases, the most common gene was blaNDM(61.7%) followed by blaVIM(30.8%), blaKPC(10.6%), blaOXA-48 (5.3%), and blaIMP(2.1%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a high rate of ESBLs, Amp C, and carbapenemase production among the E. coli isolates. A combination of both phenotypic and genotypic methods would be ideal for better characterization of resistance patterns among the E. coli isolates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-2727 , 0974-7826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_122_18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461120-7
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  • 9
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    Susceptibility pattern of oral antimicrobials in uncomplicated UTI: Does fosfomycin still stand effective?
    Medknow ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020), p. 850-
    Details
    In: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Medknow, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2020), p. 850-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2249-4863
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_970_19
    Language: English
    Publisher: Medknow
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2735275-4
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  • 10
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    Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of wound infections in out-patients at a level 1 trauma centre
    Medknow ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Patient Safety & Infection Control Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2015-09), p. 126-129
    Details
    In: Journal of Patient Safety & Infection Control, Medknow, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2015-09), p. 126-129
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2214-207X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsic.2015.06.001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Medknow
    Publication Date: 2015
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