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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Strongest Link to Morbidity and Mortality in the Current Epidemic
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  COVID Vol. 2, No. 5 ( 2022-04-25), p. 540-552
    Details
    In: COVID, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 5 ( 2022-04-25), p. 540-552
    Abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical presentations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are widely variable and treatment strategies for COVID-19 are dependent on the infection phase. Timing the right treatment for the right phase of this disease is paramount, with correlations detected between the phase of the infection and the type of drug used to treat. The immune system activation following COVID-19 infection can further develop to a fulminant cytokine storm which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The inflammatory phase, or the hyperinflammation phase, is a later stage when patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and kidney and other organ failure. In this stage, the virus is probably not necessary and all the damage is due to the immune system’s cytokine storm. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agent administration is the major strategy in treating COVID-19 patients at this stage. On the other hand, immunodeficient patients who are treated with immunomodulator agents have attenuated immune systems that do not produce enough cytokines. Current data do not show an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in patients taking biologic therapies or targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to assess the effect of these medications, and whether they may actually be protective of the severe type of disease. Although medications for COVID-19 and for the cytokine storm are important, the main breakthrough in slowing down the pandemic was developing effective vaccines. These vaccines showed a dramatic result in reducing morbidity and mortality up to the Delta variant’s spread. However, the emergence of the new variant, Omicron, influenced the successful results we had before. This variant is more contagious but less dangerous than Delta. The aim now is to develop vaccines based on the Omicron and Delta immunogens in the future for broad protection against different variants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-8112
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/covid2050040
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3056217-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Cytokine Patterns in COVID-19 Patients: Which Cytokines Predict Mortality and Which Protect Against?
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Current Issues in Molecular Biology Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2022-10-10), p. 4735-4747
    Details
    In: Current Issues in Molecular Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2022-10-10), p. 4735-4747
    Abstract: (1) Background/Aim: People infected with SARS-CoV-2 may develop COVID-19 in a wide range of clinical severity. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been demonstrated to cause lung fibrosis without a currently elucidated mechanism. Some studies emphasize the role of proinflammatory cytokines. This research studies the correlation of the released cytokines with mortality or lung injury in COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Electronic medical record data from 40 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the COVID-19 Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel, were collected. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables were analyzed. The cytokine levels were measured upon admission and discharge. A correlation between cytokine levels and severity and mortality or lung involvement was undertaken. (3) Results: IFN-gamma and IL-10 are the most powerful risk factors for mortality in the COVID-19 patient groups in a multivariate analysis. However, in a univariate analysis, TGF-β, CXCL-10, IFN gamma, and IL-7 affected mortality in COVID-19 patients. MMP-7 was significantly correlated with a cytokine storm and a high 4-C (severity) score in COVID-19 patients. MMP-7, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-7, TNF-α, and IL-6 were correlated with high lung involvement in COVID-19 patients. Serum concentrations of IGF-1 were significantly increased upon discharge, but MMP-7 was decreased. (4) Conclusions: Proinflammatory cytokines predict clinical severity, lung fibrosis, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. High concentrations of TGF-β, CXCL-10, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α are correlated to severity and lung injury. However, certain cytokines have protective effects and higher levels of these cytokines increase survival levels and lower lung damage. High levels of INF-γ, IL-7, MMP-7, and IGF-1 have protection probabilities against lung injury and severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-3045
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100323
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2090836-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Levels of sirolimus in saliva and blood following oral topical sustained-release varnish delivery system application
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology Vol. 75, No. 5 ( 2015-5), p. 969-974
    Details
    In: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 75, No. 5 ( 2015-5), p. 969-974
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0344-5704 , 1432-0843
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2721-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458488-8
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Mast cell activation by fibrinogen-related homologous c-terminal peptides (haptides) modulates systemic blood pressure
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Vol. 126, No. 5 ( 2010-11), p. 1041-1048
    Details
    In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 126, No. 5 ( 2010-11), p. 1041-1048
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-6749
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.020
    RVK:
    XA 52000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006613-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation and expansion of high yield of pure mesenchymal stromal cells from fresh and cryopreserved placental tissues
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Cryobiology Vol. 89 ( 2019-08), p. 100-103
    Details
    In: Cryobiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 89 ( 2019-08), p. 100-103
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.05.010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463192-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80098-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—A Concise Review of Noninvasive Tests and Biomarkers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-05), p. 1073-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-05), p. 1073-
    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, with a continuously growing prevalence. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and includes several mechanisms, with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance playing a major role. It is crucial to diagnose NAFLD before it advances to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis, presented by its complications which include ascites, portal hypertension, bleeding varices and encephalopathy. Another important complication of NAFLD and cirrhosis is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a cancer with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Even with the growing prevalence of NAFLD, diagnosis via liver biopsies is unrealistic, considering the costs and complications. Noninvasive tests, including serum biomarkers and elastography, are cost-effective and convenient, thereby replacing liver biopsies in diagnosing and excluding liver fibrosis. However, currently, these noninvasive tests have several limitations, such as variability, inadequate accuracy and risk factors for error. The limitations and variability of these tests comet the investigator to propose combining them in diagnostic algorithms to produce more accurate tools. Identifying patients with significant fibrosis is important for targeted therapies to prevent disease progression. Effective screening using noninvasive tests can be crucial for patient risk stratification and early diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111073
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liver Fat Storage Is a Better Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease than Visceral Fat
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-28), p. 896-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-28), p. 896-
    Abstract: Fatty liver is one aspect of metabolic syndrome. The roles and contributions of fatty liver and visceral fat storage to coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clear. This study measured associations among visceral fat storage, fatty liver, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and CAD. Patients were divided into three groups: excess visceral fat (visceral fat area 〉 330 ± 99 cm2), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and a control group. The definition of fatty liver is liver minus spleen density greater than or equal to −10. We defined early atherosclerosis as intima–media thickness of the common carotid artery 〉 7 mm in men and 〉 0.65 mm in women, measured with Doppler ultrasound. Visceral fat area was defined using CT ( 〉 330 ± 99 cm2). Insulin-resistance biomarkers (HOMA), CRP, and oxidant–antioxidant status (MDA-Paraoxonase) were also measured. Patients with high liver or visceral fat showed higher coronary plaque prevalence (50% (p 〈 0.001), 38% (p 〈 0.01), respectively vs. 25% in the control group), higher prevalence of coronary stenosis (30% (p 〈 0.001), 22% (p 〈 0.01) vs. 11% in the control group), higher intimal thickening (0.98 ± 0.3 (p 〈 0.01), 0.86 ± 0.1 (p 〈 0.01) vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 in the control group), higher HOMA (4.0 ± 3.0 (p 〈 0.005), 3.0 ± 1.0 (p 〈 0.001) vs. 1.5 ± 1.2 in the control group), and higher triglyceride levels (196.8 ± 103 (p 〈 0.005), 182.6 ± 90.87 (p 〈 0.005) vs. 145 ± 60 in the control group). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that fatty liver predicted CAD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–4.9, p 〈 0.001) independently of visceral fat storage (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.2–2.8, p 〈 0.001). Liver fat storage is a strong independent risk factor for CAD and carotid atherosclerosis and contributes more than visceral fat storage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080896
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in an Immunocompromised Patient Mediated by Convalescent Plasma without B-Cell Recovery
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-18), p. 8902-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-18), p. 8902-
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This case report presents a patient who had difficulty eradicating the corona virus due to being treated with Rituximab, which depletes B lymphocyte cells and therefore disables the production of neutralizing antibodies. The combined use of external anti-viral agents like convalescent plasma, IVIG and Remdesivir successfully helped the patient’s immune system to eradicate the virus without B-cell population recovery. In vitro studies showed that convalescent plasma is the main agent that helped in eradicating the virus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168902
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Short Homologous Peptides Based on C-Terminal Sequences of Fibrinogen β- and γ-Chains (Haptides) Affect Cardiovascular Function by eNOS Inhibition
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Vascular Research Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2010), p. 507-518
    Details
    In: Journal of Vascular Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 47, No. 6 ( 2010), p. 507-518
    Abstract: Haptides are a family of 19–21-mer cell-binding and permeating peptides homologous to sequences in the C termini on both fibrinogen β- and γ-chain (Cβ and preCγ, respectively). The effect of the Haptides on the cardiovascular system was studied by different assays, including the activity of isolated perfused rat heart and blood vessels in the organ bath. Haptides (50–80 µg/ml) decreased the hemodynamic functions of perfused rat hearts by up to 60% (p 〈 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Whole fibrinogen or a control nonrelated peptide (Cα) did not show such an effect. The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, reversed the inhibitory effects of Haptides. 〈 i 〉 L 〈 /i 〉 -NAME, an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor, did not further augment the effect of the Haptides. Perfused 〈 sup 〉 FITC 〈 /sup 〉 Haptides were attached to the coronary endothelium. In myocardial homogenates and HUVEC, Haptides significantly decreased eNOS activity, but had no effect on the contraction of isolated cultured adult cardiomyocytes. Haptides also significantly enhanced the contraction of rings of rat aorta and human mammary artery vessels ex vivo only when the endothelium was intact. Haptides seem to affect the coronary endothelium, but not the cardiomyocytes, by inhibiting eNOS activity, causing vasoconstriction, temporary ischemia and impaired myocardial function that seem to be related to the amino acid composition of the Haptides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-1172 , 1423-0135
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000313878
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482726-8
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  • 10
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    Enhancement of the mechanical and acoustical properties of flexible polyurethane foam/waste seashell composites for industrial applications
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cellular Plastics Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 645-672
    Details
    In: Journal of Cellular Plastics, SAGE Publications, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 645-672
    Abstract: The importance of this work is the use of waste seashells WSS (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.%) as a bio-filler to enhance the mechanical and acoustical characteristics of flexible polyurethane foam (FPU). Petroleum-based polyol was partially replaced by 25% castor oil resulting in high renewable content. The WSS was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and morphological features for castor oil-based flexible polyurethane waste seashells (CO-FPU-WSS) composites were detected using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Besides, the mechanical, non-acoustical and acoustical properties were investigated. The results indicated that bio-based FPU composites possessed better compressive strength than neat FPU foam. In addition, FPU composites enhance the sound absorption below 500 Hz. A 6 cm air gap behind the sample shifted the absorption toward 400 Hz (0.85) for CO-FPU-WSS 25% composite with a broader band. Thus, the FPU foam composite is considered a promising candidate for sound absorption applications such as for the automotive and building industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-955X , 1530-7999
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0021955X221088392
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098525-3
    SSG: 2
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