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  • 1
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1448-
    Abstract: Earth’s forests are increasingly exposed to climate risks through climate change-related drought and heat waves. Here, we review the climate vulnerability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica), the most abundant tree species of Central Europe’s temperate forests, and its adaptation potential to a hotter and drier climate in northern Germany, close to the center of the species’ distribution range. About two-thirds of the studied beech forests show persistent negative growth trends of their dominant trees since the onset of rapid warming in the early 1980s, driven primarily by long-term deterioration of the climatic water balance (CWB) in summer and, locally, long-term decrease in June precipitation. Lower water storage capacity of the soil increases the climate sensitivity of growth. Even though beech populations of drier sub-regions reveal some acclimation to drought (reduced stomatal conductance, turgor loss point reduction, higher C allocation to roots), they are more climate-vulnerable than populations at moister sites, visible in larger growth decreases and greater CWB sensitivity of growth. Even though beech mortality is still lower in the study region than in other parts of Central Europe, our results identify beech forest regions with 〈 350 mm growing-season precipitation as vulnerable to recent climate conditions, which refers to half of the study region. With further climate warming and aridification, most of northern Germany likely will become unfavorable for beech growth within the next tree generation, which suggests choosing in many production forests alternative, more drought- and heat-resistant timber species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 2
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 937 ( 2024-08), p. 173321-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Communications Biology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-03-10)
    Abstract: The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees ( Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from −20% to more than −50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica , in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21 st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-3642
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2919698-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Trees, Forests and People Vol. 8 ( 2022-06), p. 100265-
    In: Trees, Forests and People, Elsevier BV, Vol. 8 ( 2022-06), p. 100265-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2666-7193
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3024463-8
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  • 5
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 3675-3689
    Abstract: Forest fragmentation has been found to affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in multiple ways. We asked whether forest size and isolation in fragmented woodlands influences the climate warming sensitivity of tree growth in the southern boreal forest of the Mongolian Larix sibirica forest steppe, a naturally fragmented woodland embedded in grassland, which is highly affected by warming, drought, and increasing anthropogenic forest destruction in recent time. We examined the influence of stand size and stand isolation on the growth performance of larch in forests of four different size classes located in a woodland‐dominated forest‐steppe area and small forest patches in a grassland‐dominated area. We found increasing climate sensitivity and decreasing first‐order autocorrelation of annual stemwood increment with decreasing stand size. Stemwood increment increased with previous year's June and August precipitation in the three smallest forest size classes, but not in the largest forests. In the grassland‐dominated area, the tree growth dependence on summer rainfall was highest. Missing ring frequency has strongly increased since the 1970s in small, but not in large forests. In the grassland‐dominated area, the increase was much greater than in the forest‐dominated landscape. Forest regeneration decreased with decreasing stand size and was scarce or absent in the smallest forests. Our results suggest that the larch trees in small and isolated forest patches are far more susceptible to climate warming than in large continuous forests pointing to a grim future for the forests in this strongly warming region of the boreal forest that is also under high land use pressure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2023-02), p. 763-779
    Abstract: Die zunehmende Gefährdung durch Trockenheit und Hitze im Zusammenhang mit der Klimaerwärmung bedroht die Vitalität der Wälder in vielen Regionen der Erde, wobei die Anfälligkeit der Bäume wahrscheinlich von der lokalen Aridität, den jüngsten Klimatrends, den edaphischen Bedingungen und der Trockenheitsakklimatisierung und ‐anpassung der Populationen abhängt. Studien, die sich mit der Anfälligkeit von Baumarten für den Klimawandel befassen, sind häufig lokal ausgerichtet oder modellieren das gesamte Verbreitungsgebiet der Art, was die Trennung der Bedeutung von klimatischen und edaphischen Faktoren für die Anfälligkeit für Trockenheit und Hitze erschwert. Wir haben die aktuellen radialen Wachstumstrends und die Trockenheits‐ und Hitzesensitivität in zentralen Populationen einer in Europa weit verbreiteten und von Natur aus dominanten Baumart, der Rotbuche ( Fagus sylvatica ), an 30 Waldstandorten über einen steilen Niederschlagsgradienten (500–850 mm pro Jahr) von kurzer geographischer Länge verglichen, um das Anpassungspotenzial der Art zu bewerten. Der größenstandardisierte Grundflächenzuwachs war während des Zeitraums der rasanten Klimaerwärmung seit den frühen 1980er Jahren in Populationen mit mehr als 360 mm Niederschlag in der Vegetationsperiode (April–September) konstanter, während die Trends an Standorten mit weniger als 360 mm Niederschlag deutlich negativer waren. Klimatische Trockenheit im Juni erwies sich als der einflussreichste Klimafaktor, der das radiale Wachstum beeinflusste, wobei die Auswirkungen an trockeneren Standorten stärker waren. Eine jahrzehntelange Verschlechterung der klimatischen Wasserbilanz des Sommers wurde als wichtigster Faktor identifiziert, der zu einem Wachstumsrückgang führt, der durch höhere Stammdichten noch verstärkt wird. Die interannuelle Wachstumsvariabilität hat seit Anfang der 1980er Jahre zugenommen, und die Variabilität ist an trockeneren und sandigeren Standorten generell höher. Auch die Synchronität des Wachstums innerhalb der Populationen ist an sandigeren Standorten höher und hat mit einer Abnahme der klimatischen Wasserbilanz im Juni zugenommen. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Buche in letzter Zeit an trockeneren Standorten im Zentrum ihres Verbreitungsgebiets mit einem Wachstumsrückgang konfrontiert ist, der auf die mit dem Klimawandel verbundene Aridifizierung zurückzuführen ist. Unsere Ergebnisse warnen davor, die Trockenheitsanfälligkeit von Bäumen allein anhand von Klimaprojektionen vorherzusagen, da sich die Bodeneigenschaften als wichtiger Einflussfaktor erwiesen haben.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    In: Forest Ecology and Management, Elsevier BV, Vol. 433 ( 2019-02), p. 780-788
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-1127
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016648-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751138-3
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    In: Oecologia, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 198, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 629-644
    Abstract: Xylem embolism resistance has been identified as a key trait with a causal relation to drought-induced tree mortality, but not much is known about its intra-specific trait variability (ITV) in dependence on environmental variation. We measured xylem safety and efficiency in 300 European beech (F agus sylvatica L.) trees across 30 sites in Central Europe, covering a precipitation reduction from 886 to 522 mm year −1 . A broad range of variables that might affect embolism resistance in mature trees, including climatic and soil water availability, competition, and branch age, were examined. The average P 50 value varied by up to 1 MPa between sites. Neither climatic aridity nor structural variables had a significant influence on P 50 . However, P 50 was less negative for trees with a higher soil water storage capacity, and positively related to branch age, while specific conductivity ( K s ) was not significantly associated with either of these variables. The greatest part of the ITV for xylem safety and efficiency was attributed to random variability within populations. We conclude that the influence of site water availability on P 50 and K s is low in European beech, and that the high degree of within-population variability for P 50 , partly due to variation in branch age, hampers the identification of a clear environmental signal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-8549 , 1432-1939
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462019-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 123369-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 830-844
    Abstract: The boreal forest biome represents one of the most important terrestrial carbon stores, which gave reason to intensive research on carbon stock densities. However, such an analysis does not yet exist for the southernmost Eurosiberian boreal forests in Inner Asia. Most of these forests are located in the Mongolian forest‐steppe, which is largely dominated by Larix sibirica . We quantified the carbon stock density and total carbon pool of Mongolia's boreal forests and adjacent grasslands and draw conclusions on possible future change. Mean aboveground carbon stock density in the interior of L. sibirica forests was 66 Mg C ha −1 , which is in the upper range of values reported from boreal forests and probably due to the comparably long growing season. The density of soil organic carbon ( SOC , 108 Mg C ha −1 ) and total belowground carbon density (149 Mg C ha −1 ) are at the lower end of the range known from boreal forests, which might be the result of higher soil temperatures and a thinner permafrost layer than in the central and northern boreal forest belt. Land use effects are especially relevant at forest edges, where mean carbon stock density was 188 Mg C ha −1 , compared with 215 Mg C ha −1 in the forest interior. Carbon stock density in grasslands was 144 Mg C ha −1 . Analysis of satellite imagery of the highly fragmented forest area in the forest‐steppe zone showed that Mongolia's total boreal forest area is currently 73 818 km 2 , and 22% of this area refers to forest edges (defined as the first 30 m from the edge). The total forest carbon pool of Mongolia was estimated at ~ 1.5−1.7 Pg C, a value which is likely to decrease in future with increasing deforestation and fire frequency, and global warming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Vol. 5 ( 2022-5-16)
    In: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 5 ( 2022-5-16)
    Abstract: Recent severe droughts and climate change projections have caused rising worries about the impacts of a warmer and drier climate on forests and the future of timber production. While recent trends in thermal and hydrometeorological climate factors have been studied in many regions on earth, less is known about long-term change in climate variables most relevant for tree health and productivity, i.e., temperature (T), precipitation (P), climatic water balance (CWB), and SPEI aridity index in early and mid-summer, when leaf unfolding and peak stem growth take place. Here, we analyze T, P, CWB, and SPEI trends separately for all growing season months (April-September) during the 1948–1982 (before the recent warming) and 1983–2017 periods (after the onset of warming) in their spatial variation across the North German Lowlands based on a dense climate station network. While trends in thermal and hydrometeorological variables were weak from 1948 to 1982, we find a significant decrease in April precipitation and increase in July precipitation from 1983 to 2017 throughout much of the study region, while June precipitation has decreased locally by 10 mm or more (or up to 20%). The cumulated growing-season CWB has deteriorated by up to 30 mm from 1948–1982 to 1983–2017 in most of the region except at the North Sea coast, where it became more favorable. Recent climate aridification is more pronounced in the drier South-east of the study region with a more continental climate, as indicated by stronger negative P, CWB, and SPEI trends for April, May, and June. We conclude that water availability especially in the physiologically important months April and June has deteriorated in the larger part of the North German Lowlands since the 1980s, increasingly impairing hydrometeorological forest growth conditions. The identified trends may serve as early-warning signals of anticipated future loss in tree vitality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-893X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968523-0
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