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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidimensional Signals and Analytic Flexibility: Estimating Degrees of Freedom in Human-Speech Analyses
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2023-07)
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2023-07)
    Abstract: Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis that can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In this study, we gave the same speech-production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting in substantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further found little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise, or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system, and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/25152459231162567
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The spoken language research laboratories (SLRL) at the University of Oregon
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2746-2746
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 148, No. 4_Supplement ( 2020-10-01), p. 2746-2746
    Abstract: The Spoken Language Research Laboratories (SLRL) at the University of Oregon houses 5 integrated laboratories that focus onspeech communication. The SLRL occupies nearly 4000 square feet and includes the following state-of-the-art facilities: 10 sound-attenuated subject running rooms; 3 sound-attenuated (clinical-type) observation rooms; 2 single-wall sound booths in another sound attenuated room; 2 waiting rooms; 1 large computer lab; 2 graduate student workrooms; and 8 offices. The SLRL is further equipped with all necessary high-quality audio and audio-visual recording equipment. Research at the SLRL ranges from work on language variation and change to first and second language acquisition to the perception and production of spoken language. The labs provide a dynamic, supportive environment for collaborative research and training in experimental design, acoustic and speech movement analysis, statistical analysis, grant writing, science communication and community outreach. The SLRL is embedded in a vibrant language research community at the University of Oregon (UO) that is anchored in the Linguistics Department, but spread over multiple departments, including East Asian Languages & Literatures, Romance Languages & Literatures, and Communication Disorders & Sciences. The UO and the SLRL provide a myriad of research opportunities for students interested in spoken language behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5147630
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-18)
    Abstract: When talkers anticipate that a listener may have difficulty understanding their speech, they adopt a speaking style typically described as “clear speech.” This speaking style includes a variety of acoustic modifications and has perceptual benefits for listeners. In the present study, we examine whether clear speaking styles also include modulation of lexical items selected and produced during naturalistic conversations. Our results demonstrate that talkers do, indeed, modulate their lexical selection, as measured by a variety of lexical diversity and lexical sophistication indices. Further, the results demonstrate that clear speech is not a monolithic construct. Talkers modulate their speech differently depending on the communication situation. We suggest that clear speech should be conceptualized as a set of speaking styles, in which talkers take the listener and communication situation into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661415
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661415.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ADVANCING THE STATE OF THE ART IN L2 SPEECH PERCEPTION-PRODUCTION RESEARCH: REVISITING THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL PRACTICES
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2022
    In:  Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2022-05), p. 580-605
    Details
    In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2022-05), p. 580-605
    Abstract: One of the basic goals of second language (L2) speech research is to understand the perception-production link, or the relationship between L2 speech perception and L2 speech production. Although many studies have examined the link, they have done so with strikingly different conceptual foci and methods. Even studies that appear to use similar perception and production tasks often present nontrivial differences in task characteristics and implementation. This conceptual and methodological variation makes meaningful synthesis of perception-production findings difficult, and it also complicates the process of developing new perception-production models that specifically address how the link changes throughout L2 learning. In this study, we scrutinize theoretical and methodological issues in perception-production research and offer recommendations for advancing theory and practice in this domain. We focus on L2 sound learning because most work in the area has focused on segmental contrasts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0272-2631 , 1470-1545
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0272263121000371
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    HC 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 435303-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002746-1
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance pay and non-native language comprehension: Can we learn to understand better when we’re paid to listen?
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Applied Psycholinguistics Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2023-07), p. 593-609
    Details
    In: Applied Psycholinguistics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2023-07), p. 593-609
    Abstract: Non-native speech is difficult for native listeners to understand. While listeners can learn to understand non-native speech after exposure, it is unclear how to optimize this learning. Experimental subjects transcribed non-native speech and were paid either a flat rate or based on their performance. Participants who were paid based on performance demonstrated improved performance overall and faster learning than participants who were paid a flat rate. These results suggest that exposure alone is not sufficient to optimize learning of non-native speech and that current models of this process must be revised to account for the effects of motivation and incentive.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-7164 , 1469-1817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0142716423000322
    RVK:
    EQ 1285
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499968-7
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comprehensibility and intelligibility of international student speech: Comparing perceptions of university EAP instructors and content faculty
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Journal of English for Academic Purposes Vol. 26 ( 2017-03), p. 42-51
    Details
    In: Journal of English for Academic Purposes, Elsevier BV, Vol. 26 ( 2017-03), p. 42-51
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1475-1585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeap.2017.01.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2105458-7
    SSG: 7,24
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examining linguistic and experimenter biases through “non-native” versus “native” speech
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Applied Psycholinguistics Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2023-07), p. 460-474
    Details
    In: Applied Psycholinguistics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 44, No. 4 ( 2023-07), p. 460-474
    Abstract: There is a consensus in psycholinguistic research that listening to unfamiliar speech constitutes a challenging listening situation. In this commentary, we explore the problems with the construct of non-native and ask whether using this construct in research is useful, specifically to shift the communicative burden from the language learner to the perceiver, who often occupies a position of power. We examine what factors affect perception of non-native talkers. We frame this question by addressing the observation that not all “difficult” listening conditions provide equal challenges. Given this, we ask how cognitive and social factors impact perception of unfamiliar accents and ask what our psycholinguistic measurements are capturing. We close by making recommendations for future work. We propose that the issue is less with the terminology of native versus non-native , but rather how our unexamined biases affect the methodological assumptions that we make. We propose that we can use the existing dichotomy to create research programs that focus on teaching perceivers to better understand talkers more generally. Finally, we call on perceivers and researchers alike to question the idea of speech being “native,” “non-native,” “unfamiliar,” and “accented” to better align with reality as opposed to our inherently biased views.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-7164 , 1469-1817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0142716423000115
    RVK:
    EQ 1285
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499968-7
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implicit learning versus explicit instruction in morphophonological learning
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A275-A275
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A275-A275
    Abstract: This study uses an artificial grammar learning task to probe the learning of abstract morphophonological structure. Two sets of nonce words were created, one with plural forms using concatenative morphology (similar to English) and the other using non-concatenative morphology (similar to Arabic). Both sets had multiple phonologically conditioned allomorphs. Half of the participants were provided with instruction and feedback, and half were not. These results show that even minimal instruction and feedback leads to learning abstract morphological structure through the use of nonce words. While instruction and feedback at this level may not make non-concatenative morphology more straightforward to English speakers, their subconscious understanding of the morphophonological system is improved and leads to higher quality guesses on the derivations of the nonce words than on previous work with implicit learning of non-concatenative morphology alone (e.g., Drake, 2018). Feedback provides negative input for a second-language learner to narrow possibilities when following an otherwise abstract morphophonological pattern, particularly in a morphophonological system unlike that employed by their primary language.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0011319
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of pitch contour and speaking rate on perception of foreign-accented speech
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1827-1827
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 145, No. 3_Supplement ( 2019-03-01), p. 1827-1827
    Abstract: Perception of foreign accent is typically studied using an accentedness rating task. For example, native English listeners rate the degree of accentedness in sentences produced by non-native English speakers. However, in the past studies, it has been unclear that on what criteria participants used to judge accentedness. Here, native English speakers rated the accentedness of Korean-accented English sentences on a scale from 1 (strong accent) to 9 (little to no accent). Participants rated sentences that were unmodified or had one acoustic property removed. In one block, pitch contours of sentences were flattened and set to their mean values. In another block, speaking rates were set to the grand mean of all speaking rates (3.8 syllables/second). This way, changes in accentedness ratings across unmodified and modified sentences were attributable to the acoustic property that was removed. Accentedness ratings were not systematically influenced by manipulations of pitch contours but were influenced by speaking rate manipulations. Increasing the speaking rate (to 3.8 syllables/second) made sentences sound less accented than their unmodified versions; decreasing the speaking rate made sentences sound more accented than their unmodified versions. Results suggest that the speaking rate directly contributes to ratings of foreign accentedness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5101675
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perception of spectrally-shifted non-native speech
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 144, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-09-01), p. 1866-1866
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 144, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-09-01), p. 1866-1866
    Abstract: Some studies have suggested that perceiving speech from multiple non-native talkers can be more difficult than perceiving speech from a single non-native talker. We found evidence in favor of this idea, previously showing a detrimental effect on sentence intelligibility of reducing the spectral resolution of non-native speech via a 9-channel tone vocoder (a condition where talker-specific spectral cues are limited). This effect was more severe when perceiving non-native speech from multiple talkers compared to a single talker, whereas we observed no differences across single- and multiple- native talker conditions. These results imply that listeners place greater reliance on talker-specific spectral cues to aid with perception of non-native speech as compared to native speech. In the present study, we further examined the effects of talker-specific spectral cues on intelligibility by scaling the spectral envelope and fundamental frequency (F0) of previously recorded sentences in successive increments of 8% and 30%, respectively, using the STRAIGHT vocoder. As predicted, intelligibility of spectrally-shifted sentences spoken from a single, non-native talker was similar to that observed for multiple non-native talkers, and listeners reported hearing spectrally-shifted speech as coming from different talkers. These results confirm the importance of spectral cues for the perception of non-native speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5068208
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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