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  • 1
    In: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 536-545
    Abstract: Colectomy and proctocolectomy are the initial standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Pharmacotherapy to prevent the progression of polyposis and surgeries in the lower GI tract would be beneficial to patients with this disease. OBJECTIVE: This analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of eflornithine-sulindac combination versus monotherapy in delaying time to disease progression in the lower GI tract of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. DESIGN: This is a post hoc analysis of a randomized phase 3 trial. SETTING: This study was conducted in 21 hospitals in 7 countries treating patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. PATIENTS: Adults with familial adenomatous polyposis were randomly assigned 1:1:1 into 3 arms. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received either eflornithine (750 mg), sulindac (150 mg), or both once daily for up to 48 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy was evaluated as the time from randomization to predefined primary disease progression end points. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were included in the study. Disease progression was observed in 2 of 54 (3.7%), 9 of 53 (17.0%), and 10 of 51 (19.6%) patients with at least partial lower GI tract in the combination, sulindac, and eflornithine arms, corresponding to risk reductions of 80% ( p = 0.02) and 83% ( p = 0.01) between combination and sulindac or eflornithine. When endoscopic excision of adenomas ≥10 mm in size was censored, the need for major surgery was observed in 0 of 54, 7 of 53 (13.2%), and 8 of 51 (15.7%) patients in the combination, sulindac, and eflornithine arms, corresponding to risk reductions approaching 100% between combination and sulindac ( p = 0.005) or combination and eflornithine ( p = 0.003). LIMITATIONS: This was a post hoc analysis, the sample size was small, and there were fewer than expected events. CONCLUSIONS: Eflornithine-sulindac combination therapy was superior to either drug alone in delaying or preventing the need for lower GI tract surgery in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B658. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01483144; EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT 2012-000427-41 LA COMBINACIÓN DE SULINDAC Y EFLORNITINA RETRASA LA NECESIDAD DE CIRUGÍA DEL TUBO DIGESTIVO BAJO EN PACIENTES CON PAF: ANÁLISIS POST-HOC DE UN ENSAYO CLÍNICO ALEATORIZADO ANTECEDENTES: La colectomía y la proctocolectomía son el estándar inicial de atención para los pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. La farmacoterapia para prevenir la progresión de la poliposis y las cirugías en el tracto gastrointestinal inferior sería beneficiosa para los pacientes con esta enfermedad. OBJETIVO: Este análisis tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de la combinación de eflornitina-sulindac versus la monoterapia en el retraso del tiempo hasta la progresión de la enfermedad en el tracto gastrointestinal inferior de pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. DISEÑO: Este es un análisis posthoc de un ensayo de fase 3 aleatorizado. ENTORNO CLINICO: Veintiún hospitales en 7 países que tratan a pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. PACIENTES: Adultos con poliposis adenomatosa familiar fueron aleatorizados 1: 1: 1 en 3 brazos. INTERVENCIONES: Los pacientes recibieron eflornitina (750 mg), sulindac (150 mg) o ambos una vez al día durante un máximo de 48 meses. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACION: La eficacia se evaluó como el tiempo desde la aleatorización hasta los criterios de valoración primarios predefinidos de progresión de la enfermedad. RESULTADOS: Los resultados se informan para la población de estudio excluyendo a los pacientes que se habían sometido a ileostomías permanentes ( n = 158). Se observó progresión de la enfermedad en 2/54 (3,7%), 9/53 (17,0%) y 10/51 (19,6%) pacientes con al menos tracto gastrointestinal inferior parcial en los brazos de combinación, sulindac y eflornitina, respectivamente, correspondientes al riesgo de reducciones del 80% ( p = 0,02) y del 83% ( p = 0,01) entre la combinación y el sulindaco o la eflornitina, respectivamente. Cuando se censuró la escisión endoscópica de adenomas ≥10 mm de tamaño, se observó la necesidad de cirugía mayor en 0/54, 7/53 (13,2%) y 8/51 (15,7%) pacientes en la combinación, sulindac y eflornitina, respectivamente, correspondientes a reducciones de riesgo cercanas al 100% entre combinación y sulindac ( p = 0,005) o combinación y eflornitina ( p = 0,003). LIMITACIONES: Este fue un análisis posthoc, el tamaño de la muestra fue pequeño y hubo menos eventos de los esperados. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia de combinación de eflornitina-sulindac fue superior a cualquier fármaco solo para retrasar o prevenir la necesidad de cirugía del tracto gastrointestinal inferior en pacientes con poliposis adenomatosa familiar. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B658.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-3706
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Science Translational Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 13, No. 603 ( 2021-07-21)
    Abstract: Metastatic estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive breast cancer is presently incurable. Seeking to target these drug-resistant cancers, we report the discovery of a compound, called ErSO, that activates the anticipatory unfolded protein response (a-UPR) and induces rapid and selective necrosis of ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines in vitro. We then tested ErSO in vivo in several preclinical orthotopic and metastasis mouse models carrying different xenografts of human breast cancer lines or patient-derived breast tumors. In multiple orthotopic models, ErSO treatment given either orally or intraperitoneally for 14 to 21 days induced tumor regression without recurrence. In a cell line tail vein metastasis model, ErSO was also effective at inducing regression of most lung, bone, and liver metastases. ErSO treatment induced almost complete regression of brain metastases in mice carrying intracranial human breast cancer cell line xenografts. Tumors that did not undergo complete regression and regrew remained sensitive to retreatment with ErSO. ErSO was well tolerated in mice, rats, and dogs at doses above those needed for therapeutic responses and had little or no effect on normal ERα-expressing murine tissues. ErSO mediated its anticancer effects through activation of the a-UPR, suggesting that activation of a tumor protective pathway could induce tumor regression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1946-6234 , 1946-6242
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Leukocyte Biology Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 1996-06-01), p. 784-788
    In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 1996-06-01), p. 784-788
    Abstract: Membrane phospholipid asymmetry is an important regulator of cellular function and homeostasis. The activities of lipid transporters are contributing factors to the regulation of membrane lipid composition over the lifespan of the cell. Alterations in the activites of these proteins result in the movement of phosphatidylserine to the cell’s outer leaflet. This promotes several physiologic responses including initiation of the coagulation cascade and cell recognition by the reticuloendothelial system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0741-5400 , 1938-3673
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026833-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 78, No. 22 ( 2004-11-15), p. 12355-12365
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 22 ( 2004-11-15), p. 12355-12365
    Abstract: This study evaluated and compared delivery of the tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor (TNFR)-immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fusion (TNFR:Fc) gene to the lung by single and repeat administrations of multiple pseudotyped adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors as a means for achieving systemic distribution of the soluble TNFR:Fc protein. A single endotracheal administration of AAV[2/5]cytomegalovirus (CMV)-TNFR:Fc vector (containing the AAV2 inverted terminal repeats and AAV5 capsid) to the rat lung resulted in long-term, high levels of serum TNFR:Fc protein that gradually declined over a period of 8 months. Endotracheal delivery of AAV[2/1] CMV-TNFR:Fc resulted in serum TNFR:Fc protein levels that were detectable for at least 4 months but were 10-fold lower than that of the AAV[2/5] vector. In contrast, secretion of the TNFR:Fc protein following pulmonary delivery of AAV[2/2] CMV-TNFR:Fc vector was very inefficient, and the protein was detected in the blood only when an airway epithelial cell-specific promoter, CC10, was substituted for the CMV enhancer/promoter to control transgene expression. In the context of AAV[2/5], the CC10 promoter was as efficient as CMV enhancer/promoter in generating similar levels of systemic TNFR:Fc protein, suggesting that this protein is secreted primarily from the airway epithelium. In mice, comparable long-term secretion of TNFR:Fc protein was demonstrated after AAV[2/2] and AAV[2/5] delivery, although the kinetics of transduction appeared to be different. A ll pseudotyped AAV vectors elicited serum anti-AAV capsid-neutralizing antibody responses, but these did not prevent lung transduction and efficient secretion of TNFR:Fc protein to the circulation following readministration with AAV[2/5]. These results highlight the potential utility of AAV vectors containing serotype 5 capsid to deliver and redeliver genes of secreted proteins to the lung to achieve long-term systemic protein expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2000
    In:  Oncogene Vol. 19, No. 46 ( 2000-11-02), p. 5251-5258
    In: Oncogene, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 46 ( 2000-11-02), p. 5251-5258
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-9232 , 1476-5594
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008404-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2000
    In:  Oncogene Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2000-05-11), p. 2404-2412
    In: Oncogene, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2000-05-11), p. 2404-2412
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-9232 , 1476-5594
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008404-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2009
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 8, No. 12_Supplement ( 2009-12-10), p. A25-A25
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 8, No. 12_Supplement ( 2009-12-10), p. A25-A25
    Abstract: One of the key challenges facing oncology drug development is the high attrition rates of compounds that enter the drug development pipeline, where very few achieve successful approval and marketing. Champions Biotechnology, in an effort to enhance the value of preclinical compounds and accelerate oncology drug development, has developed a novel preclinical platform derived from Biomerk Tumorgraft™ models; an innovative approach that utilizes the implantation of primary human tumors in immune-deficient mice in a manner that preserves the biological properties of the original human tumor. Biomerk Tumorgrafts™ differ from traditional xenograft models in that they are not passaged in tissue culture, and are instead exclusively passaged in vivo. Additionally, the Biomerk Tumorgraft™ models: (a) maintain the fundamental genotypic features of the original cancer, (b) represent the genetic heterogeneity of the cancer, and (c) do not change over several passages. Champions has established a bank of over 200 Tumorgraft models encompassing all major solid tumor types, all of which have been extensively characterized. Here we describe a panel of NSCLC lung, colon, and pancreatic tumorgraft models including gene expression profiling, mutational analyses and responses to standard of care agents. Of the NSCLC lung models, 6/8 demonstrated resistance to Erlotinib with 2/8 demonstrating an intermediate response, 2/6 also possessed a mutant K-ras or a mutant EGFR. Similarly, 3/6 K-ras mutant colon Tumorgraft models demonstrated sensitivity to irinotecan. In the case of the pancreatic models, 7/8 showed resistance to Erlotinib with the remaining model showing only a modest response. Through Champions' Personalized Oncology Services, we have also shown a high correlation between the Tumorgraft response and the clinical response. Together, these results demonstrate that each model differs with respect to its genetic composition and response to standard agents, and thus represents the efficacy of a compound on an individual patient. Given the diversity of models, the maintenance of the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of the original patient tumor, and the correlation between Tumorgraft and clinical responses, Champions Biomerk Tumorgraft™ models represent a novel preclinical in vivo platform capable of optimizing drug regimens for cancer patients and predicting the clinical effectiveness of preclinical drug candidates. Overall, the application of Biomerk Tumorgraft™ models has the potential to accelerate and enhance oncology drug development. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A25.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2011
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 71, No. 8_Supplement ( 2011-04-15), p. 4189-4189
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 71, No. 8_Supplement ( 2011-04-15), p. 4189-4189
    Abstract: Champions Biotechnology has developed an innovative platform for oncology research that utilizes the implantation of primary human tumors in immune-deficient mice in a manner that preserves the biological properties of the original human tumor. Given the unique features and extensive characterization of the Champions Tumorgraft™ platform, it can be utilized for the identification and validation of putative biomarkers and signatures of response which predict resistance or sensitivity to anti cancer agents in specific patient populations. Models of colorectal cancer, NSCLC, and pancreatic cancer were subjected to cetuximab or irinotecan, cisplatin or paclitaxel, and gemcitabine, respectively. Tumor growth inhibition of 50% was utilized as the criteria to delineate sensitive versus resistant models. Baseline whole genome-transcriptome profiles were compared in sensitive and resistant models, and the top 100 genes differentially expressed between these phenotypes were selected by signal-to-noise metric. Pathways up regulated in sensitive and resistant Tumorgraft™ models were determined by an unbiased gene set enrichment analysis. Colon Tumorgraft™ models treated with either cetuximab or irinotecan showed sensitivity in 6/14 models and 8/11 models, respectively. NSCLC Tumorgraft™ models treated with either cisplatin or paclitaxel showed sensitivity in 4/12 models and 10/13 models, respectively. Lastly, pancreatic Tumorgraft™ models treated with gemcitabine showed sensitivity in 15/17 models. Bioinformatic analysis revealed, for example, that a number of signaling pathways involved in survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, adhesion, cell cycle control, metabolism, and apoptosis are significantly modulated in these sensitive and resistant cancer models. Validation of key genes and pathways is onging. Together, these results demonstrate that Champions TumorgraftTM models can be utilized to identify potential biomarkers of response and represent a novel in vivo platform capable of predicting the clinical effectiveness of anti cancer drugs. Furthermore, the combined framework of Champions Tumorgrafts™ and bioinformatic analyses, as described here, can not only be applied to clinically approved agents, but also to agents in development, hereby increasing the efficiency of oncology drug development by identifying those patients most likely to respond to a given therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4189
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 1367-1367
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 1367-1367
    Abstract: Oncology drug development is challenged by an absence of model systems that accurately mimic the full metastatic processes during disease progression. Methods for establishing metastases generally involve orthotopic implantation or intravenous delivery of cell line-based xenografts. These cell line-based models can capture the seeding phase of the metastatic process but do not address the processes involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix to allow for invasion into nearby tissues or dissemination to distance sites throughout the body via the lymphatic or the circulatory system. Extensive characterization of Champions TumorGraft™ models demonstrates that spontaneous metastasis in our platform may not be a rare event as it has been verified in 8 different models and preliminary data indicates multiple additional occurrences. Further, the capacity for spontaneous metastasis is not indication specific as it has been observed in Champions TumorGrafts derived from patients with multiple cancer types (e.g. ovarian, breast, H & N, and lung). The development and incidence rate of TumorGraft metastasis seems to correlate with the aggressiveness of disease and occurrence of metastases in the patient. For example, 83% of mice implanted with Champions TumorGraft breast cancer model CTG-0033 develop liver and/or spleen metastases. This Champions TumorGraft was derived from a patient with aggressive disease that failed to respond to first and second line treatments, and developed metastases in multiple organs including the liver. In this report, growth rates, metastases formation and molecular characterization in primary subcutaneous Champions TumorGraft models were compared with their corresponding metastatic lesions to identify changes that may correlate with the formation of metastases. Overall, this study further demonstrates that Champions Oncology TumorGraft platform preserves the biological properties of the original human tumor including spontaneous metastatic behavior and is therefore ideal for oncology drug development programs focused on the inhibition of metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1367. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1367
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 10
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 8, No. 12_Supplement ( 2009-12-10), p. PR-4-PR-4
    Abstract: Personalizing cancer treatment, finding the right drug for a patient, is a promising strategy to improve cancer outcome. Thus far, however, most strategies have focused on discovering biomarkers of efficacy for selected drugs (finding patients for drugs) but have not provided a more universal, patient-centered approach (finding drugs for patients). We aimed to personalize cancer treatment by generating individual Personalized Tumorgrafts™ generated from the patient's own tumor. Here we present results from 10 patients diagnosed with advanced, standard of care refractory cancers, from whom we generated a Personalized Tumorgraft using either primary tumor material (6 patients) or a tumor biopsy (4 patients). Tumor fragments were implanted in nude mice and propagated as tumor fragments to generate cohorts of homogeneously growing tumors suitable for drug treatments. A total of 159 different anticancer agents alone or in combination spanning all currently known classes of anticancer agents and mechanisms of action were evaluated. From this, the most effective tailor made treatment was selected for application to clinical care. Overall, 16 Tumorgraft recommended treatments have been administered to 10 patients which resulted in a 100 % correlation of both positive and negative predictive values. Of the 8 patients treated with a Tumorgraft recommended drug regimen, all achieved long-lasting partial or complete responses including two patients with 36 + months survival. Biological studies in these clinically validated Tumorgraft models, for which there is unlimited tumor material, offer the unique opportunity to discover new biomarkers. In this endeavor, global sequence analysis was performed on the Tumorgraft obtained from a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer patient who responded dramatically to DNA damaging agents. This analysis led to the discovery of a new biomarker, a novel mutation in the PALB2 gene. Functional analysis shows that this mutation impairs BRCA1/BRCA2 binding conferring DNA repair incompetence to the tumor. Likewise, gene expression analysis of the Personalized Tumorgraft generated from a colorectal cancer patient with extreme sensitivity to irinotecan showed a robust gene expression profile characteristic of high intratumoral retention of the active metabolite SN38. In summary, we demonstrate that generation of Personalized Tumorgrafts from cancer patients is feasible, and that these models can be used for extensive personalized drug screening studies leading to the selection of potentially clinically effective agents. Moreover, there is a striking correlation between Tumorgraft response in mice and clinical activity in the patients administered the Tumorgraft recommended treatments thereby demonstrating the predictive nature of the Personalized Tumorgraft models and supporting the benefits of this attractive platform in drug development through the discovery new biomarkers and the understanding of a drug's mechanism of action. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):PR-4.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
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