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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 581-597
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 581-597
    Abstract: Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.v25.3
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.13898
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020195-3
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  • 2
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    Cover Image: Volume 25 Number 3, March 2022
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2022-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.v25.3
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.13795
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020195-3
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  • 3
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    The potential contribution of terrestrial nature‐based solutions to a national ‘net zero’ climate target
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 2349-2360
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 2349-2360
    Abstract: Many national governments have incorporated nature‐based solutions (NbS) in their plans to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. However, uncertainties persist regarding both feasibility and consequences of major NbS deployment. Using the United Kingdom as a national‐level case study, we examined the potential contribution of three terrestrial NbS: peatland restoration, saltmarsh creation and woodland creation. While there is substantial political and societal interest in these three NbS, they also have strong potential for competition with other land uses, which will be a critical barrier to substantial deployment. We conducted a national mapping exercise to assess the potential area available for woodland creation. We then assessed the combined climate change mitigation potential to 2100 for the three NbS options under a range of ambition levels. In line with the most ambitious targets examined, 2 Mha of land is potentially available for new woodland. However, climate change mitigation benefits of woodland are strongly dependent on management choices. By 2100, scenarios with a greater proportion of broadleaved woodlands outsequester non‐native conifer plantations, which are limited by regular timber harvesting. Peatland restoration offers the greatest mitigation per unit area, whilst the contribution from saltmarsh creation is limited by the small areas involved. Overall, the contribution of these NbS to the United Kingdom’s net zero emissions target is relatively modest. Even with the most ambitious targets considered here, by 2100, the total cumulative mitigation from the three NbS is equivalent to only 3 years' worth of UK emissions at current levels. Policy implications . Major deployment of nature‐based solutions (NbS) is possible in the United Kingdom but reaching ‘net zero’ primarily requires substantial and sustained reductions in fossil fuel use. However, facilitating these NbS at the national scale could offer many additional benefits for people and biodiversity. This demands that policy‐makers commit to a UK‐wide strategic approach that prioritises the ‘nature’ aspect of NbS. In the push to reach ‘net zero’, climate change mitigation should not be used to justify land management practices that threaten biodiversity ambitions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v58.11
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 4
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    Canopy bird assemblages are less influenced by habitat age and isolation than understory bird assemblages in Neotropical secondary forest
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2018-06), p. 5586-5597
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2018-06), p. 5586-5597
    Abstract: Secondary forest habitats are increasingly recognized for their potential to conserve biodiversity in the tropics. However, the development of faunal assemblages in secondary forest systems varies according to habitat quality and species‐specific traits. In this study, we predicted that the recovery of bird assemblages is dependent on secondary forest age and level of isolation, the forest stratum examined, and the species’ traits of feeding guild and body mass. This study was undertaken in secondary forests in central Panama; spanning a chronosequence of 60‐, 90‐, and 120‐year‐old forests, and in neighboring old‐growth forest. To give equal attention to all forest strata, we employed a novel method that paired simultaneous surveys in canopy and understory. This survey method provides a more nuanced picture than ground‐based studies, which are biased toward understory assemblages. Bird reassembly varied according to both habitat age and isolation, although it was challenging to separate these effects, as the older sites were also more isolated than the younger sites. In combination, habitat age and isolation impacted understory birds more than canopy‐dwelling birds. Proportions of dietary guilds did not vary with habitat age, but were significantly different between strata. Body mass distributions were similar across forest ages for small‐bodied birds, but older forest supported more large‐bodied birds, probably due to control of poaching at these sites. Canopy assemblages were characterized by higher species richness, and greater variation in both dietary breadth and body mass, relative to understory assemblages. The results highlight that secondary forests may offer critical refugia for many bird species, particularly specialist canopy‐dwellers. However, understory bird species may be less able to adapt to novel and isolated habitats and should be the focus of conservation efforts encouraging bird colonization of secondary forests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2018.8.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4086
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 5
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    Guidelines for the use of acoustic indices in environmental research
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Methods in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 1796-1807
    Details
    In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 1796-1807
    Abstract: Ecoacoustics, the study of environmental sound, is a growing field with great potential for biodiversity monitoring. Audio recordings could provide a rapid, cost‐effective monitoring tool offering novel insights into ecosystem dynamics. More than 60 acoustic indices have been developed to date, which reflect distinct attributes of the soundscape, (i.e. the total acoustic energy at a given location, including noise produced by animals, machinery, wind and rain). However, reported patterns in acoustic indices have been contradictory, possibly because there is no accepted best practice for the collection and analysis of audio recordings. Here, we propose: (a) guidelines for designing studies using audio recordings for the rapid assessment of multiple sites; and (b) a workflow for comparing recordings with seven of the most commonly used indices, permitting discrimination among habitat‐specific soundscapes. We collected and analysed over 26,000 hr of recordings from 117 sites across a range of habitats in a human‐modified tropical landscape in central Panama; an order of magnitude more recordings than used in previously published studies. We demonstrate that: (a) Standard error variance of indices stabilizes within 120 hr of recordings from a single location. (b) Continuous recording should be used rather than subsample recording on a schedule; sub sampling is a common practice but delays capture of site variability and maximizing total duration of recording should be prioritized. (c) Use of multiple indices to describe soundscape patterns reveals distinct diel and seasonal soundscape patterns among habitats. We advocate collecting at least 120 hr of continuous recordings per site, and using a range of acoustic indices to categorize the soundscape, including the Acoustic Complexity Index, Acoustic Evenness Index, Acoustic Entropy Index and the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index. Differences among habitat types can be captured if multiple indices are used, and magnitude of variance is often more important than mean values. The workflow we provide will enable successful use of ecoacoustic techniques for environmental monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-210X , 2041-210X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mee3.v10.10
    DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.13254
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2528492-7
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  • 6
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    Rapid assessment of avian species richness and abundance using acoustic indices
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Ecological Indicators Vol. 115 ( 2020-08), p. 106400-
    Details
    In: Ecological Indicators, Elsevier BV, Vol. 115 ( 2020-08), p. 106400-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1470-160X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106400
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063587-4
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  • 7
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    Using acoustic indices in ecology: Guidance on study design, analyses and interpretation
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Methods in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 2192-2204
    Details
    In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 2192-2204
    Abstract: The rise of passive acoustic monitoring and the rapid growth in large audio datasets is driving the development of analysis methods that allow ecological inferences to be drawn from acoustic data. Acoustic indices are currently one of the most widely applied tools in ecoacoustics. These numerical summaries of the sound energy contained in digital audio recordings are relatively straightforward and fast to calculate but can be challenging to interpret. Misapplication and misinterpretation have produced conflicting results and led some to question their value. To encourage better use of acoustic indices, we provide nine points of guidance to support good study design, analysis and interpretation. We offer practical recommendations for the use of acoustic indices in the study of both whole soundscapes and individual taxa and species, and point to emerging trends in ecoacoustic analysis. In particular, we highlight the critical importance of understanding the links between soundscape patterns and acoustic indices. Acoustic indices can offer insights into the state of organisms, populations, and ecosystems, complementing other ecological research techniques. Judicious selection, appropriate application and thorough interpretation of existing indices is vital to bolster robust developments in ecoacoustics for biodiversity monitoring, conservation and future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-210X , 2041-210X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mee3.v14.9
    DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.14194
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2528492-7
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  • 8
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    Measuring the intensity of conflicts in conservation
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Conservation Letters Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Conservation Letters, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Conflicts between the interests of biodiversity conservation and other human activities pose a major threat to natural ecosystems and human well‐being, yet few methods exist to quantify their intensity and model their dynamics. We develop a categorization of conflict intensity based on the curve of conflict, a model originally used to track the escalation and deescalation of armed conflicts. Our categorization assigns six intensity levels reflecting the discourse and actions of stakeholders involved in a given conflict, from coexistence or collaboration to physical violence. Using a range of case studies, we demonstrate the value of our approach in quantifying conflict trends, estimating transition probabilities between conflict stages, and modeling conflict intensity as a function of relevant covariates. By taking an evidence‐based approach to quantifying stakeholder behavior, the proposed framework allows for a better understanding of the drivers of conservation conflict development across a diverse range of socioecological scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-263X , 1755-263X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/conl.v14.3
    DOI: 10.1111/conl.12783
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2430375-6
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  • 9
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    Modelling the potential non-breeding distribution of Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Bird Conservation International Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 169-184
    Details
    In: Bird Conservation International, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 169-184
    Abstract: The Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea is a ‘Critically Endangered’ migratory shorebird. The species faces an array of threats in its non-breeding range, making conservation intervention essential. However, conservation efforts are reliant on identifying the species’ key stopover and wintering sites. Using Maximum Entropy models, we predicted Spoon-billed Sandpiper distribution across the non-breeding range, using data from recent field surveys and satellite tracking. Model outputs suggest only a limited number of stopover sites are suitable for migrating birds, with sites in the Yellow Sea and on the Jiangsu coast in China highlighted as particularly important. All the previously known core wintering sites were identified by the model including the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Nan Thar Island and the Gulf of Mottama. In addition, the model highlighted sites subsequently found to be occupied, and pinpointed potential new sites meriting investigation, notably on Borneo and Sulawesi, and in parts of India and the Philippines. A comparison between the areas identified as most likely to be occupied and protected areas showed that very few locations are covered by conservation designations. Known sites must be managed for conservation as a priority, and potential new sites should be surveyed as soon as is feasible to assess occupancy status. Site protection should take place in concert with conservation interventions including habitat management, discouraging hunting, and fostering alternative livelihoods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-2709 , 1474-0001
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0959270920000398
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037673-X
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  • 10
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    Modeling the potential distribution of the threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas across its entire range
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Bird Conservation International Vol. 33 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Bird Conservation International, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 33 ( 2023)
    Abstract: Understanding the distribution and extent of suitable habitats is critical for the conservation of endangered and endemic taxa. Such knowledge is limited for many Central African species, including the rare and globally threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas , one of only two species in the family Picathartidae endemic to the forests of Central Africa. Despite growing concerns about land-use change resulting in fragmentation and loss of forest cover in the region, neither the extent of suitable habitat nor the potential species’ distribution is well known. We combine 339 (new and historical) occurrence records of Grey-necked Picathartes with environmental variables to model the potential global distribution. We used a Maximum Entropy modelling approach that accounted for sampling bias. Our model suggests that Grey-necked Picathartes distribution is strongly associated with steeper slopes and high levels of forest cover, while bioclimatic, vegetation health, and habitat condition variables were all excluded from the final model. We predicted 17,327 km 2 of suitable habitat for the species, of which only 2,490 km 2 (14.4%) are within protected areas where conservation designations are strictly enforced. These findings show a smaller global distribution of predicted suitable habitat forthe Grey-necked Picathartes than previously thought. This work provides evidence to inform a revision of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status, and may warrant upgrading the status of the species from “Near Threatened” to “Vulnerable”.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-2709 , 1474-0001
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0959270923000175
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037673-X
    SSG: 12
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