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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Figure 9 from: Matsumura Y, Maruyama M, Ntonifor NN, Beutel RG (2023) A new species of Zoraptera, Zorotypus komatsui sp. nov. from Cameroon and a redescription of Zorotypus vinsoni Paulian, 1951 (Polyneoptera, Zoraptera). ZooKeys 1178: 39-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2023
    In:  ZooKeys Vol. 1178 ( 2023-09-01), p. 39-59
    Details
    In: ZooKeys, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 1178 ( 2023-09-01), p. 39-59
    Abstract: A new species of the order Zoraptera, Zorotypus komatsui Matsumura, Maruyama, Ntonifor & Beutel, sp. nov. , is described from Cameroon. The female and male morphology of another species, Z. vinsoni , is re-described, and its new distribution in Madagascar is recorded. A particular focus is on the male postabdominal morphology. This is apparently a crucial body region in the very small order with an extreme variation of the genital apparatus but otherwise a very uniform morphology. The male of the newly described species shares rudimentary male genitalia and well-developed postabdominal projections with the distantly related Spermozoros impolitus , apparently a result of parallel evolution. Whether males of Z. komatsui also perform external sperm transfer like S. impolitus remains to be shown. The collecting of the material used for this study suggests that the present knowledge of zorapteran species diversity of the Afrotropical region is very fragmentary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1313-2970 , 1313-2989
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
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    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure1
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure10
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure2
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure3
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure4
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure5
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure6
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure7
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure8
    DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276.figure9
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2445640-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Figure 6 from: Rosová K, Prokop J, Hammel JU, Beutel RG (2023) The earliest evidence of Omophroninae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber and the description of a larva of a new genus. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 81: 689-704. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e101374
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2023
    In:  Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny Vol. 81 ( 2023-08-01), p. 689-704
    Details
    In: Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 81 ( 2023-08-01), p. 689-704
    Abstract: Omophroninae is a distinctive monogeneric group of Carabidae, presumably placed relatively close to the root of the megadiverse adephagan family. In the present study we describe a larva belonging to Omophroninae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and erect a new genus † Cretomophron . Several features support the placement in this small but distinctive subfamily, such as the wedge-shaped head, the large triangular nasale, the elevated antennae with the apical segment directed sideways, the large and bidentate mandibular retinaculum, the enlarged hexagonal prothorax, legs with a distinct armature of spines, and the relatively narrow and posteriorly tapering abdomen. In contrast to larvae of the extant genus Omophron Latreille, the posterior tentorial grooves are not shifted backwards, apparently a plesiomorphic feature, the 2 nd antennomeres are markedly longer, and the legs bear long setae and rather thin and long spike-like setae. † Cretomophron also differs in the presence of numerous setae arranged in transverse rows on abdominal segment VI. Lateral lobe-like expansions of abdominal tergites are a conspicuous feature of the new genus but similar structures occur in later instars of Omophron . Structural specializations of the head, prothorax and legs strongly suggest that the larvae were burrowing in sand, like adults and larvae of the extant genus, and that they were efficient predators, detecting prey with the unusually shaped antennae and long maxillae, grasping it with the elongate apical mandibular tooth, and squeezing and piercing it between the bidentate retinaculum and large and triangular nasale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1864-8312 , 1863-7221
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure1
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure2
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure3
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure4
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure5
    DOI: 10.3897/asp.81.e101374.figure6
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2299371-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2014
    In:  Science Vol. 346, No. 6210 ( 2014-11-07), p. 763-767
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 346, No. 6210 ( 2014-11-07), p. 763-767
    Abstract: Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, with site-specific nucleotide or domain-specific amino acid substitution models, produced statistically robust and congruent results resolving previously controversial phylogenetic relations hips. We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flight to the Early Devonian (~406 Ma), of major extant lineages to the Mississippian (~345 Ma), and the major diversification of holometabolous insects to the Early Cretaceous. Our phylogenomic study provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1257570
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolutionary scenarios for unusual attachment devices of Phasmatodea and Mantophasmatodea (Insecta)
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2008-07), p. 501-510
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2008-07), p. 501-510
    Abstract: Abstract The distal parts of the legs of representatives of Phasmatodea and Mantophasmatodea were examined. The condition found in Mantophasma zephyra and Timema nevadense is described in detail. In both species the arolium is highly modified, i.e. strongly enlarged and pan‐shaped and densely covered with acanthae. The presence of acanthae on the euplantulae is another very unusual feature shared by the two taxa. A cladistic analysis based mainly on a data matrix from an earlier study of the authors was carried out, with the inclusion of three new characters derived from attachment devices. The results suggest three possible evolutionary scenarios for the features in question. If Phasmatodea are the sister group of Mantophasmatodea, the apomorphic features of the attachment devices may be synapomorphies of both groups, with different degrees of reversal within the suborder Euphasmatodea. A branching pattern Phasmatodea + (Mantophasmatodea + Grylloblattodea) is consistent with the presence of an enlarged pan‐shaped arolium and euplantulae with acanthae in the common ancestor of this lineage, with reversal in Grylloblattodea and within Euphasmatodea. The acanthae on the surface of the arolium may or may not have evolved independently in Timema . A placement of Phasmatodea as sister taxon of Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, or a clade comprising both groups implies that the features in question have evolved independently in phasmids and Mantophasmatodea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/sen.2008.33.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00428.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    † K inzelbachilla ellenbergeri  – a new ancestral species, genus and family of S trepsiptera ( I nsecta)
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 287-297
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 287-297
    Abstract: A single male specimen of a new species († Kinzelbachilla ellenbergeri gen. et sp.n. ) of a new family of the endoparasitic S trepsiptera († K inzelbachillidae fam.n.) from B urmese amber is described and evaluated with respect to its systematic placement. Its features come very close to the presumptive groundplan of the order suggested in recent studies. Preserved plesiomorphic features are the following: fully sclerotized head with long coronal suture, small ommatidia not separated by chitinous bridges, absence of microtrichia between ommatidia, eight antennomeres, robust mandibles with dicondylic articulation, galea distinctly developed, free pro‐ and mesotrochanters, slender five‐segmented tarsi without adhesive soles, and equally sclerotized abdominal tergites and sternites. An important character that is not recognizable due to damage is the shape of the metapostnotum. This structure is transverse in the groundplan of S trepsiptera and in † Protoxenos , but elongated and shield‐like in all other known strepsipterans. In a cladistic analyses of 82 characters of adult males and additional characters for females and immatures (scored as unknown for all included fossils) † K inzelbachilla is placed as sister group of all remaining strepsipterans except for † P rotoxenos , followed by † C retostylops and † M engea as the third and fourth branches in the stem group, respectively. The position of † P rotoxenos as first branch is suggested by three unambiguous apomorphic features of all remaining S trepsiptera, the reduced size of less than 6 mm, mandibles distinctly narrowing distad the basalmost part, and fan‐shaped hindwings which are broader than they are long. The hitherto known fossil stem group strepsipterans do not distinctly narrow the large morphological gap separating this order from its sister group, the C oleoptera. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:07554C01-DEC3-4080-A337-B1F46BC9070F .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.2016.41.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.12158
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cephalic anatomy of Sphaeriusidae and a morphology‐based phylogeny of the suborder Myxophaga (Coleoptera)
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2018-10), p. 777-797
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2018-10), p. 777-797
    Abstract: Myxophaga are a small group of beetles, but phylogenetically crucial as one of the four coleopteran suborders. The monogeneric Sphaeriusidae, one of four myxophagan families, comprise about 20 species, most of them living in moist substrate at river edges. The morphology of the minute hemispherical adult is very insufficiently known. Consequently, we document external and internal head structures using scanning electron microscopy, microtome sections and three‐dimensional reconstructions. The results are discussed with respect to effects of miniaturization and also functional aspects, especially microphagous feeding habits. The head of Sphaerius is less affected by size reduction compared with other beetles of the same size class (e.g. larger Ptiliidae, Corylophidae). Features related to very small size are the absence of externally visible ridges and a partial shift of the brain into the prothorax. The cephalic musculature is apparently not affected. The feeding apparatus is similar to what is found in microphagous species of Polyphaga, especially in Scirtoidea and Staphyliniformia. However, in contrast to polyphagans with similar feeding habits, the hypopharyngeal longitudinal ridge (or process) of Sphaerius is strongly reduced and a fimbriate galea is lacking. The observed features are also evaluated in a cladistic analysis of larval and adult characters. The results are distinctly in conflict with branching patterns suggested by analyses of molecular data, but in agreement with previous morphological studies. In contrast to a pattern obtained in a recent molecular study – (Hydroscaphidae + (Torridincolidae + (Sphaeriusidae + Lepiceridae))) – our analyses yielded Lepiceridae as sister to the remaining Myxophaga (branch support 9), and Sphaerius as sister taxon of Hydroscaphidae (branch support 5). The monophyletic origin of the latter two taxa is supported by unusual synapomorphies of adults and larvae. Sphaerius is characterized by numerous autapomorphies of the head: a labro‐mandibular locking device, a bipartite M. frontoepipharyngalis (M9) with subcomponents oriented in the opposite direction, a deep antennal furrow, an intercalary antennomere with a structure resembling a sucking disc, a strongly elongated flagellomere 1, a compact three‐segmented antennal club, strong bundles of M. tentorioscapalis (M4) originating on the posterior head capsule, a concave anterior side of maxillary palpomere 2, and an elongated second pair of tormae posteriorly connected with a process of the hypopharyngeal suspensorium.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.2018.43.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.12304
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Highly specialized Cretaceous beetle parasitoids (Ripiphoridae) identified with optimized visualization of microstructures
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 396-407
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2019-04), p. 396-407
    Abstract: Extremely miniaturized longipedes insects (body length c . 0.3 mm) embedded in two pieces of Cretaceous amber from Myanmar are described and interpreted. Using inverted fluorescence and light microscopy for detailed analysis of microstructures, the inclusions were identified as primary larvae of the beetle family Ripiphoridae, subfamily Ripidiinae. While the structure of thoracic and abdominal segments including appendages corresponds well with the groundplan known in recent members of Ripidiinae, a curved prosternal ridge with prominent spines (each c . 5 μm), the reduced condition of stemmata and antennae and the lack of sharp mandibles are unique features within the entire family, apparently apomorphies of the longipedes larvae. A sinuate prosternal edge with a dense row of spines (prosternoctenidium) might be homologous with ‘head ctenidia’ in some previously described miniaturized conicocephalate larvae, but further investigation is needed. The morphological differences between the head of longipedes larvae and extant Ripidiinae are interpreted as adaptations to different groups of hosts and life strategies. Palaeoethology of the longipedes larvae is briefly discussed. In addition, the systematic placement of conicocephalate larvae from Canadian, Myanmar and Russian Cretaceous ambers, already interpreted by various authors as primary instars within Coleopterida (assigned to either Strepsiptera or to the coleopteran Tenebrionoidea: Ripiphoridae), is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.2019.44.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.12331
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phylogeny and systematics of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga): minute living fossils with underestimated past and present‐day diversity
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Systematic Entomology Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2023-04), p. 233-249
    Details
    In: Systematic Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 48, No. 2 ( 2023-04), p. 233-249
    Abstract: Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) is a group of shiny, blackish and hemispherical riparian beetles, known for their miniaturized bodies. They are worldwide in distribution, but very limited information is available about taxonomic and morphological diversity, and natural and evolutionary history. The aim of this study is to help fill in these gaps. We examined the external morphology of modern representatives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using five DNA markers (cytochrome oxidase I, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, CAD and wingless). Our results suggest a larger morphological diversity than previously expected, corresponding to the deep genetic divergences of principal lineages. We also examined two inclusions in 99‐million‐year‐old Burmese amber. The integration of all evidence allows us to recognize three genera: the extinct genus † Burmasporum Kirejtshuk, the newly defined genus Bezesporum gen.nov. preserved in Burmese amber ( B. burmiticum sp.nov. ) and present in the modern fauna of Southeast Asia, and the genus Sphaerius Waltl with a world‐wide distribution. Sphaerius species are morphologically highly uniform, with the exception of species from Australia and South Africa, which share some characteristics with Bezesporum gen.nov. despite being resolved as deeply nested lineages of Sphaerius by DNA data. The presence of Bezesporum gen.nov. in Burmese amber and in recent fauna indicates that Sphaeriusidae largely maintained their specific morphology and specialized riparian lifestyle for at least 100 million years. Therefore, they can be considered an exceptionally conserved group, with a minimum of evolutionary changes over a long period. Our study also demonstrates that the species numbers and fine‐scale morphological diversity of Sphaeriusidae are larger than expected in both the past and present‐day faunas. Both were apparently underestimated due to the minute body size and cryptic habits of these beetles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6970 , 1365-3113
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.v48.2
    DOI: 10.1111/syen.12571
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020957-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attachment forces of pea aphids ( A cyrthosiphon pisum ) on different legume species
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Ecological Entomology Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2015-12), p. 732-740
    Details
    In: Ecological Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2015-12), p. 732-740
    Abstract: 1. Sympatric populations of insects adapted to different host plants are good model systems not only to study how they adapt to the chemistry of their food plant, but also to investigate whether morphological modifications evolved enabling them to live successfully on a certain plant species. 2. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum ( H arris) encompasses at least 11 genetically distinct sympatric host races, each showing a preference for a certain legume species. The leaflet surfaces of these legumes differ considerably in their wax coverage. 3. It was investigated whether the attachment structures of three pea aphid genotypes from different host races are adapted to the different surface properties of their host plants and whether they show differences in their attachment ability on the respective host and non‐host plants. 4. The surface morphology of plants and aphid tarsi was examined using SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The ability of the aphids to walk on specific surfaces was tested using traction force measurements. 5. The presence of wax blooms on the leaflets lowers the aphids' attachment ability considerably and diminishes their subsequent attachment on ‘neutral’ surfaces like glass. The pea aphid host races differ in their ability to walk on certain surfaces. However, the genotype from the adapted aphid host race was not necessarily the one with the best walking performance on their host plant. All aphids, regardless of the original host plant, were most efficient on the neutral control surface glass. The general host plant Vicia faba was the plant with the most favourable surface for all aphid host races.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6946 , 1365-2311
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/een.2015.40.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/een.12249
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020189-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196048-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Embryonic development of Zoraptera with special reference to external morphology, and its phylogenetic implications (Insecta)
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Morphology Vol. 275, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 295-312
    Details
    In: Journal of Morphology, Wiley, Vol. 275, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 295-312
    Abstract: The embryonic development of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera) is described with the main focus on its external features. A small heart‐shaped embryo is formed on the dorsal side of the egg by the fusion of paired blastoderm regions with higher cellular density. The orientation of its anteroposterior axis is opposed to that of the egg. This unusual condition shows the potential autapomorphy of Zoraptera. The embryo extends along the egg surface and after reaching its full length, it migrates into the yolk. After developing there for a period of time, it reappears on the surface, accompanied by a reversion of its anteroposterior axis, finally taking its position on the ventral side of the egg. The definitive dorsal closure completes, and the prelarva hatches after perforating the chorion with very long egg tooth formed on the embryonic cuticle. Embryological data suggest the placement of Zoraptera among the “lower neopteran” or polyneopteran lineage: features supporting this are embryo formation by the fusion of paired regions with higher cellular density and blastokinesis accompanied by full elongation of the embryo on the egg surface. The extraordinarily long egg tooth has potential synapomorphy with Embioptera or Eukinolabia (= Embioptera + Phasmatodea). Together with the results from our previous studies on the egg structure, male reproductive system and spermatozoa, the close affinity of Zoraptera with Eukinolabia appears likely, that is, a clade Zoraptera + (Embioptera + Phasmatodea). J. Morphol. 275:295–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0362-2525 , 1097-4687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.v275.3
    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20215
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479991-1
    SSG: 12
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