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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patients’ access to and acceptance of community-based hepatitis C testing and treatment in Myanmar: A mixed-method study
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS Global Public Health Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2023-6-16), p. e0000902-
    Details
    In: PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 3, No. 6 ( 2023-6-16), p. e0000902-
    Abstract: Hepatitis C (HCV) infection elimination in low- and middle-income countries requires decentralised HCV services to increase testing and linkage to care. The CT2 Study investigated patients’ views of access to and acceptance of two community-based HCV care models in Myanmar using a mixed-methods approach. Point-of-care HCV testing and general practitioner-initiated HCV treatment were provided at two community clinics in Yangon, Myanmar–the Burnet Institute’s (BI) clinic focused on people who inject drugs (PWID), and the Myanmar Liver Foundation’s (MLF) clinic focused on people with liver-related diseases. Study staff administered quantitative questionnaires to 633 participants receiving anti-HCV antibody testing. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 29 participants receiving direct-acting antiviral treatment for qualitative interviews. Among participants completing quantitative questionnaires, almost all reported the clinic location was convenient (447/463, 97%), waiting time was acceptable (455/463, 98%), and HCV antibody and RNA testing methods were acceptable (617/632, 98% and 592/605, 97% respectively). Nearly all participants were satisfied with their clinic’s services (444/463, 96%) and preferred same-day test results (589/632, 93%). BI clinic participants were more confident that they understood HCV antibody and RNA results; MLF clinic participants were more comfortable disclosing their risk behaviour to staff and had slightly higher satisfaction with the overall care, privacy and secure storage of their information. In qualitative interviews, participants reported that flexible appointment scheduling, short wait times and rapid return of results increased the clinic’s accessibility. The simplified point-of-care testing and treatment procedures and supportive healthcare providers contributed to participants’ acceptance of the HCV care model. This decentralised community-based HCV testing and treatment model was highly accessible and acceptable to CT2 participants. Prioritizing patient-centred care, rapid provision of results, flexible appointments and convenient clinic locations can promote accessible and acceptable services which may in turn help accelerate progress in reaching HCV elimination targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2767-3375
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.t002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.t003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.t004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.s003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000902.s004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3101394-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Traffic-related pollutants in roadside environment of Yangon, Myanmar
    IOP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012001-
    Details
    In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012001-
    Abstract: Roadside environment is a key location responsible for increased exposure of traffic-related air pollutants to people who reside, work and commute on or near the roadside. Although increase in traffic volume and duration of traffic congestion has been significantly recognized in Yangon, research conducted on traffic-related air pollutants is very limited. In this study, we mainly focused on nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons of VOCs; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes collectively known as BTEX. Dffusive air samplers; DSD-CX for BTEX and DSD-TEA for NO 2 were placed at seven sampling sites, S1-S4 located on heavy congested traffic roads of commercial areas and S5-S7 on fast moving traffic roads of residential ones. The BTEX concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and NO 2 by ion chromatography. According to the findings, we concluded that roadside NO 2 concentrations reflect the severity of traffic congestion currently encountered in the city. Sources other than vehicle emission could also have contribution to roadside traffic-related pollutants. Appropriate traffic managements and vehicle emission controls are urgently needed for reducing traffic-related air pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-1307 , 1755-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/496/1/012001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2434538-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indoor Formaldehyde Concentration, Personal Formaldehyde Exposure and Clinical Symptoms during Anatomy Dissection Sessions, University of Medicine 1, Yangon
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2021-01-15), p. 712-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2021-01-15), p. 712-
    Abstract: The formaldehyde (FA) embalming method, the world’s most common protocol for the fixation of cadavers, has been consistently used in medical universities in Myanmar. This study was designed to examine the indoor FA concentrations in anatomy dissection rooms, an exposed site, and lecture theater, an unexposed control site, and to access personal exposure levels of FA and clinical symptoms of medical students and instructors. In total, 208 second year medical students (1/2019 batch) and 18 instructors from Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine 1, participated. Thirteen dissection sessions were investigated from February 2019 to January 2020. Diffusive sampling devices were used as air samplers and high-performance liquid chromatography was used for measurement of FA. Average indoor FA concentration of four dissection rooms was 0.43 (0.09–1.22) ppm and all dissection rooms showed indoor concentrations above the occupational exposure limits and short-term exposure limit for general population. Personal FA exposure values were higher than indoor FA concentrations and the instructors (0.68, 0.04–2.11 ppm) had higher exposure than the students (0.44, 0.06–1.72 ppm). Unpleasant odor, eye and nose irritations and inability to concentrate were frequently reported FA-related symptoms, and the students were found to have significantly higher risks (p 〈 0.05) of having these symptoms during the dissection sessions than during lecture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020712
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serum Cotinine, Serum F2-isoprostane and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Male Tobacco Users
    European Open Science Publishing ; 2021
    In:  European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2021-01-15), p. 62-67
    Details
    In: European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, European Open Science Publishing, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2021-01-15), p. 62-67
    Abstract: Data on risk of metabolic syndrome among various forms of tobacco consumption in Myanmar tobacco users are currently limited. The present study aimed to determine and compare nicotine metabolites serum cotinine, oxidative stress marker serum F2-isoprostane in adult male tobacco users, and to find out relationships between these parameters and risk of metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study was done in 30 to 45 years old males: 84 cigarette smokers, 84 cheroot smokers and 84 betel quid with tobacco chewers. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Serum cotinine concentration of cigarette smokers was significantly higher than that of cheroot smokers (p=0.026), however, no significant difference was seen between cigarette smokers and betel quid with tobacco chewers (p=1.000), and between cheroot smokers and betel quid with tobacco chewers (p=0.248). Serum F2-isoprostane concentration was significantly higher (p=0.001) in cigarette smokers than cheroot smokers and betel quid with tobacco chewers, but no significant difference was observed between cheroot smokers and betel quid with tobacco chewers (p=1.000). Compared with betel quid with tobacco chewers, cigarette smokers had 5.2 times (95% CI, 2.3-11.4) (p 〈 0.001) and cheroot smokers had 1.4 times (95% CI, 0.62-3.3) (p=0.402) higher risk of having metabolic syndrome. There was a significant association between the presence of metabolic syndrome and high serum cotinine as well as high serum F2-isoprostane. A significant correlation between serum cotinine and serum F2-isoprostane was found in betel quid with tobacco chewers, but not in cigarette smokers and cheroot smokers. The present study showed that both nicotine and oxidative stress take part in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Cigarette smoking has the highest risk of having metabolic syndrome, however, cheroot smoking as well as betel quid with tobacco chewing is related to metabolic syndrome as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2593-8339
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.1.604
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: European Open Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Preliminary assessment of outdoor and indoor air quality in Yangon city, Myanmar
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Pollution Research Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 722-730
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Pollution Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-05), p. 722-730
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1309-1042
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2018.11.011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2645757-X
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  • 6
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    Distribution of particulate matter (PM 10 ) concentration in seven townships of Yangon, Myanmar
    IOP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012005-
    Details
    In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012005-
    Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) plays a crucial role in air quality deterioration in urban areas. Myanmar is a developing country in Southeast Asia and still in an early phase of urbanization. Yangon is the most populated and urbanized region in Myanmar, hosting 15% of the total population. Reports on particulate pollution in Yangon are limited as well as not up to date. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess distribution of PM 10 in Seven Townships of Yangon. The result indicates a significant difference (p 〈 0.001) in PM 10 concentrations among the morning (185±85 μg/m 3 ), the afternoon (64±35 μg/m 3 ) and the evening (129±50 μg/m 3 ) respectively. PM 10 concentrations at different times of the day except the morning period were within USEPA guideline value for PM 10 (150 μg/m 3 , 24h mean).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-1307 , 1755-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/496/1/012005
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2434538-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉個人曝露測定のためのGPS付き小型PMセンサーの開発
    The University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan ; 2020
    In:  Journal of UOEH Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2020-12-1), p. 307-315
    Details
    In: Journal of UOEH, The University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2020-12-1), p. 307-315
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0387-821X , 2187-2864
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.42.307
    Language: English
    Publisher: The University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267695-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preliminary monitoring of concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) in seven townships of Yangon City, Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Details
    In: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1342-078X , 1347-4715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0741-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2133273-3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Effect of COVID-19-restrictive measures on ambient particulate matter pollution in Yangon, Myanmar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is recognized as the most harmful air pollutant to the human health. The Yangon city indeed suffers much from PM-related air pollution. Recent research has interestingly been focused on the novel subject of changes in the air quality associated with the restrictive measures in place during the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The first case of COVID-19 in Myanmar was diagnosed on March 23, 2020. In this article, we report on our attempt to evaluate any effects of the COVID-19-restrictive measures on the ambient PM pollution in Yangon. Methods We measured the PM concentrations every second for 1 week on four occasions at three study sites with different characteristics; the first occasion was before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the remaining three occasions were while the COVID-19-restrictive measures were in place, including Stay-At-Home and Work-From-Home orders. The Pocket PM 2.5 Sensor [PRO] designed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan, in cooperation with Yaguchi Electric Co., Ltd., (Miyagi, Japan) was used for the measurement of the ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations. Results The results showed that there was a significant reduction ( P 〈 0.001) in both the PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations while the COVID-19-restrictive measures were in place as compared to the measured values prior to the pandemic. The city experienced a profound improvement in the PM-related air quality from the “unhealthy” category prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to the “good” category during the pandemic, when the restrictive measures were in place. The percent changes in the PM concentrations varied among the three study sites, with the highest percent reduction noted in a semi-commercial crowded area (84.8% for PM 2.5 ; 88.6% for PM 10 ) and the lowest percent reduction noted in a residential quiet area (15.6% for PM 2.5 ; 12.0% for PM 10 ); the percent reductions also varied among the different occasions during the COVID-19 pandemic that the measurements were made. Conclusions We concluded that the restrictive measures which were in effect to combat the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on the ambient PM concentrations. The changes in the PM concentrations are considered to be largely attributable to reduction in anthropogenic emissions as a result of the restrictive measures, although seasonal influences could also have contributed in part. Thus, frequent, once- or twice-weekly Stay-At-Home or Telework campaigns, may be feasible measures to reduce PM-related air pollution. When devising such an action plan, it would be essential to raise the awareness of public about the health risks associated with air pollution and create a social environment in which Telework can be carried out, in order to ensure active compliance by the citizens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1342-078X , 1347-4715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-01014-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2133273-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Seasonal and regional variation of particulate matter dispersion in Yangon City and Taunggyi City, Myanmar
    IOP Publishing ; 2020
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012003-
    Details
    In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 496, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 012003-
    Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) pollution is well-known to be associated with hazardous health outcomes. Data on the PM concentrations in Myanmar are, however, limited. Since, it is very important to determine the air pollution status for further prevention of PM-related health risks in exposed populations, we conducted this preliminary study to assess the PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in Yangon and Taunggyi Cities during the dry and wet seasons. The PM measurements were made by mobile sensing using Pocket PM 2.5 Sensors (Yaguchi Electric Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Japan) in six randomly selected townships of Yangon from January 25th-29th 2018 (dry season) and September 15th-19th 2018 (wet season) and seven quarters (townships are termed as quarters in Taunggyi) of Taunggyi from July 19th-22nd 2018 (wet season). The findings revealed that the PM concentrations in Yangon were significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season. In the wet season, the PM levels in Yangon dropped to the WHO guideline. However, while the PM 10 levels were higher in Taunggyi than in Yangon, the PM 2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in Yangon than in Taunggyi. The highest PM levels were found in the Hlaing Tharyar township of Yangon and Myo-ma quarter of Taunggyi among the measured locations. In conclusion, our findings indicated significant seasonal variations in the PM concentrations in Yangon and significant regional variations between the two cities within the same season.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-1307 , 1755-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/496/1/012003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2434538-6
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