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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8391-8403
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8391-8403
    Abstract: Much if not all of the chlorine present in fossil fuels is released into the atmosphere as hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloromethane (CH 3 Cl, methyl chloride). The chlorine content of oil‐based fuels is so low that these sources can be neglected, but coal combustion provides significant releases. On the basis of national statistics for the quantity and quality of coal burned during 1990 in power and heat generation, industrial conversion and residential and commercial heating, coupled with information on the chlorine contents of coals, a global inventory of national HCl emissions from this source has been constructed. This was combined with an estimate of the national emissions of HCl from waste combustion (both large‐scale incineration and trash burning) which was based on an estimate of the global quantity released from this source expressed per head of population. Account was taken of reduced emissions where flue gases were processed, for example to remove sulphur dioxide. The HCl emitted in 1990, comprising 4.6 ± 4.3 Tg Cl from fossil fuel and 2 ± 1.9 Tg Cl from waste burning, was spatially distributed using available information on point sources such as power generation utilities and population density by default. Also associated with these combustion sources are chloromethane emissions, calculated to be 0.075 ± 0.07 Tg as Cl (equivalent) from fossil fuels and 0.032 ± 0.023 Tg Cl (equivalent) from waste combustion. These were distributed spatially exactly as the HCl emissions, and a further 0.007 Tg Cl in chloromethane from industrial process activity was distributed by point sources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900025
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industrial emissions of trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and dichloromethane: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8417-8427
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8417-8427
    Abstract: The identified emissions of the title compounds come predominantly from their use in industrial and commercial processes. Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene have also been found as byproducts of gasoline and coal combustion; these sources were also considered but shown to be insignificant compared with industrial releases. Global emissions during 1990, amounting to 0.241±0.013 Tg of trichloroethene, 0.366±0.020 Tg of tetrachloroethene, and 0.583±0.032 Tg of dichloromethane (0.195±0.010, 0.313±0.017, and 0.487±0.027 Tg as chlorine, respectively) have been assigned to individual countries and thence to a 1° latitude × 1° longitude grid based on a combination of three data sets: regional sales data that were available on a continental scale; economic activity in the form of national Gross Domestic Products; and the population distribution within each country. For those countries where they were available, data for the quantities and locations of reported emissions were also incorporated. Uncertainty in the distributed emissions is ±4% relative to countries with the largest emissions. The results, which are complementary to the marine fluxes and releases from biomass burning reported by Khalil et al [this issue] and Lobert et al [this issue] , respectively, are recorded here as maps and are also available from the Global Emissions Inventory Activity web site at http://groundhog.sprl.umich.edu/geia/rcei. While the industrial regions of North America, Europe, and Japan are the largest sites of anthropogenic emissions, there are also significant sources in the developing nations of Asia; in contrast, anthropogenic emissions within the southern hemisphere are much smaller and more widely dispersed. The total emissions of dichloromethane appear to match the observed atmospheric concentrations, but about 25% of the flux of tetrachloroethene calculated from observations remains unaccounted, and significant extra emissions of trichloroethene are necessary to effect a balance. The known sources have been examined thoroughly in this work, and so it is reasonably certain that the additional emissions are not a deliberate result of human activity; however, there is no means of discriminating their origin unequivocally, and the missing quantities may be inadvertent byproducts of anthropogenic activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900011
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ambient elemental, reactive gaseous, and particle-bound mercury concentrations in New Jersey, U.S.: measurements and associations with wind direction
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2009
    In:  Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol. 158, No. 1-4 ( 2009-11), p. 295-306
    Details
    In: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 158, No. 1-4 ( 2009-11), p. 295-306
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-6369 , 1573-2959
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0583-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 4
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    A Preliminary Energy Return on Investment Analysis of Natural Gas from the Marcellus Shale
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 668-679
    Details
    In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 668-679
    Abstract: An analysis of the energy return on investment (EROI) of natural gas obtained from horizontal, hydraulically fractured wells in the Marcellus Shale was conducted using net external energy ratio methodology and available data and estimates of energy inputs and outputs. Used as sources of input data were estimates of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from the gas extraction processes, as well as fuel‐use reports from industry and other sources. Estimates of quantities of materials used and the associated embodied energy as well as other energy‐using steps were also developed from available data. Total input energy was compared with the energy expected to be made available to end users of the natural gas produced from a typical Marcellus well. The analysis indicates that the EROI of a typical well is likely between 64:1 and 112:1, with a mean of approximately 85:1. This range assumes an estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of 3.0 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per well. EROI values are directly proportionate to EUR values. If the EUR is greater or lesser than 3 Bcf, the EROI would be proportionately higher or lower. EROI is also sensitive to the energy used or embedded in gathering and transmission pipelines and associated infrastructure and energy used for their construction, energy consumed in well drilling and well completion, and energy used for wastewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-1980 , 1530-9290
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.2013.17.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12040
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Composite global emissions of reactive chlorine from anthropogenic and natural sources: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8429-8440
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. D7 ( 1999-04-20), p. 8429-8440
    Abstract: Emission inventories for major reactive tropospheric Cl species (particulate Cl, HCl, ClNO 2 , CH 3 Cl, CHCl 3 , CH 3 CCl 3 , C 2 Cl 4 , C 2 HCl 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , and CHClF 2 ) were integrated across source types (terrestrial biogenic and oceanic emissions, sea‐salt production and dechlorination, biomass burning, industrial emissions, fossil‐fuel combustion, and incineration). Composite emissions were compared with known sinks to assess budget closure; relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources were differentiated. Model calculations suggest that conventional acid‐displacement reactions involving S (IV) + O 3 , (IV) + O 3 H 2 O 2 , and H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 scavenging account for minor fractions of sea‐salt dechlorination globally. Other important chemical pathways involving sea‐salt aerosol apparently produce most volatile chlorine in the troposphere. The combined emissions of CH 3 Cl from known sources account for about half of the modeled sink, suggesting fluxes from known sources were underestimated, the OH sink was overestimated, or significant unidentified sources exist. Anthropogenic activities (primarily biomass burning) contribute about half the net CH 3 Cl emitted from known sources. Anthropogenic emissions account for only about 10% of the modeled CHCl 3 sink. Although poorly constrained, significant fractions of tropospheric CH 2 Cl 2 (25%), C 2 HCl 3 (10%), and C 2 Cl 4 (5%) are emitted from the surface ocean; the combined contributions of C 2 Cl 4 and C 2 HCl 3 from all natural sources may be substantially higher than the estimated oceanic flux.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1998JD100084
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
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    Newborn Screening for Biliary Atresia
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2015
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 136, No. 6 ( 2015-12-01), p. e1663-e1669
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 136, No. 6 ( 2015-12-01), p. e1663-e1669
    Abstract: Biliary atresia is the most common cause of pediatric end-stage liver disease and the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Affected infants exhibit evidence of biliary obstruction within the first few weeks after birth. Early diagnosis and successful surgical drainage of bile are associated with greater survival with the child’s native liver. Unfortunately, because noncholestatic jaundice is extremely common in early infancy, it is difficult to identify the rare infant with cholestatic jaundice who has biliary atresia. Hence, the need for timely diagnosis of this disease warrants a discussion of the feasibility of screening for biliary atresia to improve outcomes. Herein, newborn screening for biliary atresia in the United States is assessed by using criteria established by the Discretionary Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. Published analyses indicate that newborn screening for biliary atresia by using serum bilirubin concentrations or stool color cards is potentially life-saving and cost-effective. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and costs of potential screening strategies for early identification of biliary atresia in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3570
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
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    Transition to a Safe Home Sleep Environment for the NICU Patient
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 2021
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 148, No. 1 ( 2021-07-01)
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 148, No. 1 ( 2021-07-01)
    Abstract: Of the nearly 3.8 million infants born in the United States in 2018, 8.3% had low birth weight ( & lt;2500 g [5.5 lb]) and 10% were born preterm (gestational age of & lt;37 completed weeks). Many of these infants and others with congenital anomalies, perinatally acquired infections, and other disease require admission to a NICU. In the past decade, admission rates to NICUs have been increasing; it is estimated that between 10% and 15% of infants will spend time in a NICU, representing approximately 500 000 neonates annually. Approximately 3600 infants die annually in the United States from sleep-related deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (R95), ill-defined deaths (R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (W75). Preterm and low birth weight infants are particularly vulnerable, with an incidence of death 2 to 3 times greater than healthy term infants. Thus, it is important for health care professionals to prepare families to maintain their infant in a safe sleep environment, as per the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. However, infants in the NICU setting commonly require care that is inconsistent with infant sleep safety recommendations. The conflicting needs of the NICU infant with the necessity to provide a safe sleep environment before hospital discharge can create confusion for providers and distress for families. This technical report is intended to assist in the establishment of appropriate NICU protocols to achieve a consistent approach to transitioning NICU infants to a safe sleep environment as soon as medically possible, well before hospital discharge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052046
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-3-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-3-8)
    Abstract: Although widely prevalent, Lyme disease is still under-diagnosed and misunderstood. Here we followed 73 acute Lyme disease patients and uninfected controls over a period of a year. At each visit, RNA-sequencing was applied to profile patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells in addition to extensive clinical phenotyping. Based on the projection of the RNA-seq data into lower dimensions, we observe that the cases are separated from controls, and almost all cases never return to cluster with the controls over time. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes between clusters identifies up-regulation of immune response genes. This observation is also supported by deconvolution analysis to identify the changes in cell type composition due to Lyme disease infection. Importantly, we developed several machine learning classifiers that attempt to perform various Lyme disease classifications. We show that Lyme patients can be distinguished from the controls as well as from COVID-19 patients, but classification was not successful in distinguishing those patients with early Lyme disease cases that would advance to develop post-treatment persistent symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636289
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636289.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Direct Observation of the Microscopic Reverse of the Ubiquitous Concerted Metalation Deprotonation Step in CH Bond Activation Catalysis
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 143, No. 3 ( 2021-01-27), p. 1356-1364
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 143, No. 3 ( 2021-01-27), p. 1356-1364
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-7863 , 1520-5126
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10409
    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10409.s001
    RVK:
    VA 1120 ; VA 1752
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3155-0
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  • 10
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    Manganese Carbonyl Compounds Reveal Ultrafast MetalSolvent Interactions
    American Chemical Society (ACS) ; 2019
    In:  Organometallics Vol. 38, No. 11 ( 2019-06-10), p. 2391-2401
    Details
    In: Organometallics, American Chemical Society (ACS), Vol. 38, No. 11 ( 2019-06-10), p. 2391-2401
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0276-7333 , 1520-6041
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00212
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00212.s001
    DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00212.s002
    RVK:
    VA 6293
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publication Date: 2019
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