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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Crystalline Structure Assessment of Ceramic Veneered Co-Cr-W Dental Alloy Substructures Obtained by Selective Laser Melting—A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2023-07-10), p. 8052-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2023-07-10), p. 8052-
    Abstract: The aim of this work is to assess the crystalline structure modification of an SLM Co-Cr-W dental alloy, veneered with two different ceramics, by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Ten identical plates were fabricated using SLM and were subsequently subjected to ceramic veneering. Following the repeated firing of the ceramic layers, carried out at temperatures exceeding 900 °C, new crystalline phases and variations in the crystallite sizes in the SLM Co-Cr-W dental alloy used for the substructure were detected via XRD. The two veneering ceramics showed significant differences in their behavior, beginning with the first firing, accompanied by structural changes. AFM micrographs and histograms of the surface heights over the whole scanned area of the samples showed that the surface of the Co-Cr-W dental alloy is strongly affected by the repeated firings necessitated by the ceramic firing process, a finding in accordance with the XRD results. The SEM investigation revealed that the different firing parameters had an impact on the alloy, the ceramic microstructure, and the surface quality. The differences in the chemical composition of the ceramics, highlighted by EDS, are reflected in their behavior. The crystalline alloy structure is influenced by the repeated firings of the ceramic layers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13148052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Additive Manufactured Polymers in Dentistry, Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives-A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-09-03), p. 3658-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-09-03), p. 3658-
    Abstract: 3D-printing application in dentistry not only enables the manufacture of patient-specific devices and tissue constructs, but also allows mass customization, as well as digital workflow, with predictable lower cost and rapid turnaround times. 4D printing also shows a good impact in dentistry, as it can produce dynamic and adaptable materials, which have proven effective in the oral environment, under its continuously changing thermal and humidity conditions. It is expected to further boost the research into producing a whole tooth, capable to harmoniously integrate with the surrounding periodontium, which represents the ultimate goal of tissue engineering in dentistry. Because of their high versatility associated with the wide variety of available materials, additive manufacturing in dentistry predominantly targets the production of polymeric constructs. The aim of this narrative review is to catch a glimpse of the current state-of-the-art of additive manufacturing in dentistry, and the future perspectives of this modern technology, focusing on the specific polymeric materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14173658
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Osseodensification on Primary Stability of Cylindrical and Conical Implants—An Ex Vivo Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 3736-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 3736-
    Abstract: Primary stability is an important factor for dental implant success. In the past years, a new method for bone site preparation was introduced, named osseodensification (OD). OD produces a condensation of the trabecular portion of the bone, increasing bone-to-implant contact and primary stability. This study aims to compare the effect of OD in cylindrical and conical implants to conventional instrumentation. A total of forty implants, divided into four groups, were placed in porcine tibia: cylindrical conventional (1a), cylindrical OD (1b), conical conventional (2a) and conical OD (2b). Each implant was measured for implant stability quotient (ISQ), insertion torque (IT) and removal torque (RT). Group 2b showed the higher values for each of the evaluated parameters; groups 1b and 2b showed better results than 1a and 2a, respectively. Regarding the IT and RT, group 1b achieved higher values than group 2a, but not for ISQ. The inter-group comparison showed significant difference between groups 1a vs 2a, 1a vs 2b and 1b vs 2b for ISQ and 1a vs 1b and 1a vs 2b for RT analysis. OD resulted in improved ISQ, IT and RT of both cylindrical and conical implants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Materials for Oral Application
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2022-07-07), p. 4749-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2022-07-07), p. 4749-
    Abstract: This Special Issue of Materials explores the wide variety of dental materials, which enables the dentists and dental technicians to select the most suitable therapeutic solution for each patient [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15144749
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-21), p. 4187-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2020-09-21), p. 4187-
    Abstract: Although called stainless steels, austenitic steels are sensitive to localized corrosion, namely pitting, crevice, and intergranular form. Seventeen grades of steel were tested for localized corrosion. Steels were also tested in general corrosion and in galvanic couplings (steels–precious alloys) used in watchmaking applications. The evaluations have been carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards which specifically concern the forms of corrosion namely, general (B117-97, salt fog test), pitting (G48-11, FeCl3), crevice (F746-87) and intergranular (A262-15, Strauss chemical test and G108-94, Electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test). All tests revealed sensitivity to corrosion. We have noticed that the transverse face is clearly more sensitive than the longitudinal face, in the direction of rolling process. The same conclusion has been drawn from the tests of nickel release. It should be pointed out that, despite the fact that the grade of steel is in conformity with the classification standards, the behavior is very different from one manufacturer to another, due to parameters dependent on the production process, such as casting volume, alloying additions, and deoxidizing agents. The quantities of nickel released are related to the operations involved in the manufacturing process. Heat treatments reduce the quantities of nickel released. The surface state has little influence on the release. The hardening procedures increase the quantities of nickel released. The quantities of released nickel are influenced by the inclusionary state and the existence of the secondary phases in the steel structure. Another aspect is related to the strong dispersion of results concerning nickel release and corrosion behavior of raw materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13184187
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration—A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2020-11-23), p. 5303-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2020-11-23), p. 5303-
    Abstract: The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13225303
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels Intended to Come into Direct or Prolonged Contact with the Skin
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2019-03-25), p. 987-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2019-03-25), p. 987-
    Abstract: The biocompatibility of materials in contact with a living tissue becomes a puzzle in the overall picture of assessing the toxic effects of chemicals that come into contact with us. Allergic reactions to substances are a significant and growing health problem affecting large parts of the population in Europe. Wristwatches are objects worn in prolonged contact with the skin, being subject to localized corrosion, especially pitting and crevice types, in sulfide-chloride medium, and high wear in the bracelets joints. Watches of medium quality are usually made of stainless steels. The X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2 316L grade as well as X1 CrNiMo 20-25-5 Cu 1 or 904L are commonly used, having good resistance to generalized corrosion. The passive layer is nevertheless insufficient to ensure complete immunity in all cases of localized corrosion encountered during wear. For this reason, a high-corrosion-resistant steel: X1 CrNiMo 18-15-4 N 0.15 or 317LMN, from three different suppliers was evaluated. Metallographic characterization was carried out. The corrosion behavior evaluation was performed for the generalized corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion and galvanic corrosion. Galvanic couples steel 317LMN-gold 18K alloy 3N and gold 18K 5M were used. The results of the generalized and pitting corrosion test indicated three basic groups. All of the 317LMNs were similar. The 316L variants tested noticeably worse. The 904Ls were difficult to discern, but certainly easier than the 316Ls and, possibly, at least comparable to the 317LMNs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12060987
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oral Bone Tissue Engineering: Advanced Biomaterials for Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2019-07-18), p. 2296-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 14 ( 2019-07-18), p. 2296-
    Abstract: The advancements made in biomaterials have an important impact on oral tissue engineering, especially on the bone regeneration process. Currently known as the gold standard in bone regeneration, grafting procedures can sometimes be successfully replaced by a biomaterial scaffold with proper characteristics. Whether natural or synthetic polymers, biomaterials can serve as potential scaffolds with major influences on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Continuous research has enabled the development of scaffolds that can be specifically designed to replace the targeted tissue through changes in their surface characteristics and the addition of growth factors and biomolecules. The progress in tissue engineering is incontestable and research shows promising contributions to the further development of this field. The present review aims to outline the progress in oral tissue engineering, the advantages of biomaterial scaffolds, their direct implication in the osteogenic process and future research directions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12142296
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Scanning Characterization Approaches for the Accurate Understanding and Successful Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Scanning Vol. 2020 ( 2020-02-19), p. 1-2
    Details
    In: Scanning, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-02-19), p. 1-2
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-0457 , 1932-8745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/6545823
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497198-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Alloys Intended to Come into Direct or Prolonged Contact with Live Tissues
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-09-03), p. 2841-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-09-03), p. 2841-
    Abstract: The evaluation of the biological safety and degradation of materials is quite important for risk assessment in various biomedical applications. In this study, two procedures were followed to characterize the corrosion resistance of different Ti-based alloys. The first one consisted of performing specific electrochemical tests (open circuit potential, linear resistance polarization, Tafel plots, potentiodynamic polarization) in order to highlight their behavior to the general and localized corrosion. The static and dynamic fatigue cycles combined with crevice corrosion conducted on a new prototype have completed the study. The second procedure followed was a cations extraction investigation (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in order to verify the ionic permeability of the oxides layers formed on the surfaces. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface analysis. It was noticed that in these two electrolytes, the bulk Ti-based alloys presented an almost similar general corrosion behavior. The small differences of behavior for Ti6Al4V scaffolds were correlated to the surface oxidation and roughness (owing to the selective laser melting process). The Ti alloys presented no traces of localized corrosion at the end of the test. The fatigue cycles revealed that a strong and adhesive oxides film was formed during the static cycles (difficult to remove even during the depassivation steps). The concentration of cations released was at the detection limit, revealing very good passivation films, in adequacy with the all the other results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12172841
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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