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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-9-8)
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-9-8)
    Abstract: Unregulated discharges of wastewater from pulp and paper factories resulted in the formation of relatively thick organic (cellulose) rich sediments in shallow waters along the Swedish coast. These deposits are known as fiberbanks and are contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals and methylmercury, which can be dispersed by diffusion and advective processes coupled to propeller wash, high river discharges, strong wind waves and submarine landslides. Based on a case study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), one group of prevalent POPs in the fiberbanks, we present a probabilistic approach to estimate the potential risk of dispersion of fiberbank contaminants. The approach allows for estimation of the dispersal pathways that dominates the risk within a given time and provides more insight about the significance of various dispersion processes. We show that it is highly likely that chemical diffusion and advection triggered by ship-induced resuspension will disperse PCBs (sum of seven congeners; Σ 7 PCB) above a threshold level for environmental impact, while the likelihood of river and wind-wave generated resuspension dispersion pathways are lower (∼20%, respectively). We further show that there is approximately 5% likelihood that a submarine landslide will disperse Σ 7 PCB above the threshold level. The study implies that the governing parameters for risk assessment specifically should include reliable data on contaminant concentration, water depth above the fiberbank, estimation of concerned fiberbank areas, time duration of erosive fluid flows and measured diffusion. The approach provides insight into the importance of various dispersion processes. We suggest that it can be applied to support risk assessment, especially when there are limited available data and/or knowledge about the system under study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Soils and Sediments Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1852-1865
    In: Journal of Soils and Sediments, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 1852-1865
    Abstract: Numerous sites contaminated with fiber emissions from pulp and paper industries are found in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, but there is limited knowledge about the magnitude of dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from these anthropogenic, organic-rich sediments called fiberbanks. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare different POP dispersal pathways from such fiberbanks. Dispersal mechanisms studied included abiotic and biotic routes (dissolved in water, particle-bound, and bioaccumulation). Materials and methods Contaminated fibrous sediments located in Ångermanälven River estuary in north-eastern Sweden were studied in sediment types representing different fiber content (i.e., fiberbanks, fiber-rich sediments, and less fiber impacted sediments). Sediment-to-water fluxes of dissolved contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) were measured in situ using benthic flux chambers. Particle resuspension was measured by sampling bottom water, before and after disturbing the sediment surface. Benthic biota was collected to determine the body burden of contaminants and to determine biota-pore water accumulation factors ( BAF PW ) and biota-sediment accumulation factors ( BSAF s). In addition, concentrations of dissolved POPs in the water column were measured in field using passive samplers. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Results and discussion The flux of dissolved Σ 20 PCBs was approximately two times higher from one of the investigated fiberbanks (3.4 ng m − 2  day − 1 ) compared to the other. The average particle burden of PCBs was also higher at this fiberbank after artificial disturbance (15 ng g −1 particle), which indicates that larger amounts of contaminants are likely to disperse via particle resuspension from this site compared to the other fiberbank (4.8 ng g − 1 particle). The difference might be associated with a layer of recently settled minerogenic material that covers one of the fiberbanks, which probably functions as a protective barrier. The lack of benthic biota implies that contaminant release by bioturbation is negligible in the studied fiberbanks. However, benthic biota from fiber-rich sediment showed bioaccumulation and biomagnification of contaminants. Conclusions The importance of diffusive flux from fiberbanks under undisturbed conditions became apparent when the different dispersal pathways were quantified. However, no dispersal pathway could be judged as irrelevant, since even under undisturbed conditions, advective particle transport was significant. Additionally, the uptake by biota and trophic transfer can be considerable. Quantification of dispersal routes and understanding of the relative importance of various pathways is critical for proper risk assessment and management of contaminated sediments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1439-0108 , 1614-7480
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2125896-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Soils and Sediments Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 2471-2483
    In: Journal of Soils and Sediments, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 2471-2483
    Abstract: Many coastal areas in the Baltic Sea are contaminated with wood fiber and pollutants from pulp and paper industries. These anthropogenic, organic-rich, sediments (fiberbanks) have not been characterized and knowledge about their role as secondary sources for dispersal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to elucidate the fate of POPs and the relationships between sorption ( K D and K TOC ), sediment type, and compound hydrophobicity ( K OW ) in fiber-contaminated sediments. Materials and methods Paired sediment and pore water samples ( n  = 24 sites) from three fiber-contaminated areas, located in the Ångermanälven river estuary in northern Sweden, were analyzed for POPs (viz. PCBs, DDT, and HCB) in sediment types representing different fiber content (i.e., fiberbanks, fiber-rich sediments, and natural less fiber impacted sediments). The freely dissolved concentration in sediment pore water was determined by sediment-polyoxymethylene (POM) partitioning. Instrumental analysis was performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). Results and discussion Higher levels of total organic carbon (TOC) were found in the fiberbank sediment (range 8.6–37%) than in fiber-rich sediment (range 2.0–6.5%) and more natural sediment (range 2.0–2.9%). The sediment concentrations of POPs (dry weight basis) were also found to be significantly ( p   〈  0.05) elevated in fiberbanks compared to the other sediment types. The fraction of DDD (48–66% of Σ 6 DDX) was larger in fiberbanks than in the other sediment types, likely due to anoxic conditions favoring reductive dechlorination of DDT. When sediment levels were normalized to TOC, HCB displayed similar levels across sediment type, suggesting a more diffuse source pattern than for PCB and DDT. Although significantly higher sorption ( K D ) of POPs was observed in fiberbanks, pore water levels were still elevated due to high bulk concentrations. Conclusions This study shows that fiberbanks are coastal hot spots for POPs in the Baltic Sea and that the levels are of ecotoxicological concern. Although the POPs are more strongly sorbed ( K D ) to this type of organic rich sediment, the high pore water concentrations in fiberbanks compared to the other sediment types investigated show that the risk of contaminant dispersal via pore water is elevated for fiberbanks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1439-0108 , 1614-7480
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2125896-X
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  • 4
    In: Aquatic Geochemistry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2012-11), p. 515-541
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1380-6165 , 1573-1421
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478538-9
    SSG: 13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Chemosphere Vol. 215 ( 2019-01), p. 470-481
    In: Chemosphere, Elsevier BV, Vol. 215 ( 2019-01), p. 470-481
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-6535
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496851-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 150 ( 2020-01), p. 110750-
    In: Marine Pollution Bulletin, Elsevier BV, Vol. 150 ( 2020-01), p. 110750-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-326X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 414337-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001296-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Environmental Pollution Vol. 266 ( 2020-11), p. 115182-
    In: Environmental Pollution, Elsevier BV, Vol. 266 ( 2020-11), p. 115182-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280652-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013037-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2021-02), p. 6162-6175
    In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2021-02), p. 6162-6175
    Abstract: The unsustainable settlement and high industrialization around the catchment of the Baltic Sea has left records of anthropogenic heavy metal contamination in Baltic Sea sediments. Here, we show that sediments record post-industrial and anthropogenic loads of Cd, Zn, and Pb over a large spatial scale in the Baltic Sea. We also demonstrate that there is a control on the accumulation of these metals in relation to oxic/anoxic conditions of bottom waters. The total concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb were obtained with the near-total digestion method in thirteen cores collected from the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea, and the west and central Baltic Proper. The lowest average concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb were observed in Bothnian Bay (0.4, 125, 40.2 mg kg −1 DW, respectively). In contrast, the highest concentrations were observed in the west Baltic Proper (5.5, 435, and 56.6 mg kg −1 DW, respectively). The results indicate an increasing trend for Cd, Zn, and Pb from the early nineteenth century until the 1970s, followed by a decrease until 2000–2008. However, surface sediments still have concentrations above the pre-industrial values suggested by the Swedish EPA (Cd is 0.2, Zn is 85, and Pb is 31 mg kg −1 DW). The results also show that the pre-industrial Cd, Zn, and Pb concentrations obtained from 3 cores with ages 〈 1500 B.C. were 1.8, 1.7, and 1.2 times higher, respectively, than the pre-industrial values suggested by the Swedish EPA. To conclude, accumulations of metals in the Baltic Sea are governed by anthropogenic load and the redox conditions of the environment. The significance of correct environmental governance (measures) can be illustrated with the reduction in the pollution of Pb, Zn, and Cd within the Baltic Sea since the 1980s .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0944-1344 , 1614-7499
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014192-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Sea Research Vol. 176 ( 2021-10), p. 102100-
    In: Journal of Sea Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 176 ( 2021-10), p. 102100-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-1101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497225-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Sea Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 72 ( 2012-8), p. 38-48
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-1101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497225-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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