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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Greater accumulation of soil organic carbon after liquid dairy manure application under cereal-forage rotation than cereal monoculture
    Elsevier BV ; 2016
    In:  Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Vol. 233 ( 2016-10), p. 171-178
    Details
    In: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 233 ( 2016-10), p. 171-178
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
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    Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Following Application of Pig Slurry for the 19th Consecutive Year I. Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Microbial Biomass Carbon
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1389-1395
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1389-1395
    Abstract: Agricultural soils often receive annual applications of manure for long periods. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of 19 consecutive years of pig ( Sus scrofa ) slurry (PS) application on CO 2 emissions and soil microbial biomass. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and extractable soil C were also determined to explain the variations in CO 2 emissions and soil microbial biomass. Long‐term (19 yr) treatments were 60 (PS60) and 120 Mg ha −1 yr −1 (PS120) of pig slurry and a control receiving mineral fertilizers at a dose of 150 kg ha −1 yr −1 each of N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O. Very high CO 2 emissions (up to 1.5 mg CO 2 m −2 s −1 ) occurred during the first 2 d after PS application. Following that peak, decomposition of PS was rapid, with one‐half the total emissions occurring during the first week after slurry application. The rapid initial decomposition was exponential and was attributed to the decomposition of the labile fraction of the slurry C. The second phase was linear and much slower and probably involved more recalcitrant C material. Cumulative annual decomposition was proportional to the application rate, with 769 and 1658 kg C ha −1 lost from the 60 and 120 Mg ha −1 doses, respectively. Pig slurry application caused a rapid increase in soil microbial biomass (from ≈100 to up to 370 mg C kg −1 soil), which coincided with a peak in the concentration of extractable C and in CO 2 emissions. Field estimates of the microbial specific respiratory activity suggested that the difference in soil respiration between the two slurry treatments was due to differences in the size of the induced microbial biomass rather than to differences in specific activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6441389x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 3
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    Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions following Fall and Spring Applications of Pig Slurry to an Agricultural Soil
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2004-07), p. 1410-1420
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2004-07), p. 1410-1420
    Abstract: In Québec, most pig slurry is applied to agricultural soils in the spring and fall. A study was initiated to compare the impact of the contrasting spring and fall weather conditions on CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, and on the transformation of pig slurry C and N in a loamy soil cropped to maize ( Zea mays L.). Treatments were approximately 200 kg total N ha −1 either as a spring (SPRING) or fall (FALL) application of pig slurry, and 150 kg N ha −1 as NH 4 NO 3 (control). Fluxes of CO 2 and N 2 O, and soil O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 O, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , extractable C and microbial biomass C (MBC) contents were measured 50 times over a 1‐yr period. Fluxes of N 2 O were generally low during the experiment but were greatly increased in recently manured soils when soil O 2 concentration fell below 0.20 mol mol −1 Soil was warm and well‐aerated following spring slurry application. Under these conditions, slurry NH 4 –N was rapidly nitrified and high N 2 O emissions attributed to denitrification occurred when soil was rewetted by abundant rainfall. For the fall applied slurry, wet and cool conditions limited net nitrification and resulted in little accumulation of NO 3 –N, thus limiting potential for subsequent denitrification and N 2 O emissions. Cumulated N 2 O emissions during the experiment represented 1.74, 2.73, and 1.14% of added N in the FALL, SPRING, and NH 4 NO 3 plots, respectively. Fluxes of CO 2 and cumulated CO 2 –C losses were also greater for SPRING than for FALL application. Our results clearly show that the impacts of the timing of animal manure application on N 2 O emissions cannot be generalized, but will vary between years in response to interactions between crop, climatic, and soil factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2004.1410
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 4
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    Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Following Application of Pig Slurry for the 19th Consecutive Year II. Nitrous Oxide Fluxes and Mineral Nitrogen
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1396-1403
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2000-07), p. 1396-1403
    Abstract: Agricultural soils often receive annual applications of manure for long periods. Our objective was to quantify the effects of 19 consecutive years of pig ( Sus scrofa ) slurry (PS) application to a loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid Aeric Haplaquept) on N 2 O emissions. Soil surface N 2 O fluxes ( F N2O ) were measured 36 times in 1 yr. Nitrous oxide concentration profiles, soil NH + 4 ‐ and NO − 3 ‐N contents, denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), and denitrification rate (DR) in soil were also determined to explain the variation in F N2O Long‐term (19 yr) treatments on continuous silage maize ( Zea mays L.) were 60 (PS60) and 120 Mg ha −1 yr −1 (PS120) of pig slurry and a control receiving mineral fertilizer at a dose of 150 kg ha −1 each of N, P 2 O 5 , and K 2 O. Denitrifying enzyme activity, soil N 2 O concentrations, and F N2O ( 〈 25 ng m −2 s −1 ) were low in the control plots receiving mineral fertilizer. Annual applications of PS to the soil for 18 yr had positive residual effects on the DEA compared with the long‐term fertilized control plots. Following PS application, there was a strong and rapid increase of F N2O (up to 350 ng m −2 s −1 ) on manured plots. The PS‐induced F N2O increased with increasing quantity of PS, probably as the result of a greater availability of NO − 3 ‐N for denitrification. The effects of PS on F N2O were mostly limited to the 30 d following application, with low fluxes ( 〈 10 ng m −2 s −1 ) during the rest of the measurement period. Total N 2 O–N emissions represented 0.62, 1.23, and 1.65% of total N applied in control, PS60, and PS120 plots, respectively. These emission factors for the PS plots agreed with values previously suggested for N‐fertilized soils (1.25%).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6441396x
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 5
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    Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions and Forage Nitrogen Uptake on Soils Fertilized with Raw and Treated Swine Manure
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2007-11), p. 1864-1872
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2007-11), p. 1864-1872
    Abstract: Treatments to reduce solids content in liquid manure have been developed, but little information is available on gaseous N emissions and plant N uptake after application of treated liquid swine manure (LSM). We measured crop yield, N uptake, and NH 3 and N 2 O losses after the application of mineral fertilizer (NH 4 NO 3 ), raw LSM, and LSM that was decanted, filtered, anaerobically digested, or chemically flocculated. The experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2003 on a loam and a sandy loam cropped to timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) with annual applications equivalent to 80 kg N ha −1 in spring and 60 kg N ha −1 after the first harvest. Raw LSM resulted in NH 3 emissions three to six times larger ( P 〈 0.05) than mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments reduced NH 3 emissions by an average of 25% compared with raw LSM ( P 〈 0.05). The N 2 O emissions tended to be higher with raw LSM than with mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments had little effect on N 2 O emissions, except for anaerobic digestion, which reduced emissions by 〉 50% compared with raw LSM ( P 〈 0.05). Forage yield with raw LSM was 〉 90% of that with mineral fertilizer. The LSM treatments tended to increase forage yield and N uptake relative to raw LSM. We conclude that treated or untreated LSM offers an alternative to mineral fertilizers for forage grass production but care must be taken to minimize NH 3 volatilization. Removing solids from LSM by mechanical, chemical, and biological means reduced NH 3 losses from LSM applied to perennial grass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2425 , 1537-2537
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0083
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050469-X
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  • 6
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    Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 1997
    In:  Weed Science Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 1997-12), p. 798-806
    Details
    In: Weed Science, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 1997-12), p. 798-806
    Abstract: The development of sustainable farming systems depends on our ability to predict and manage the response of weed communities to changes in cropping practices. A study was established at Normandin, Québec, Canada, to investigate the influence of liquid dairy manure and mineral fertilizer, as well as chisel and moldboard plow tillage systems, in a spring barley monoculture and a 3-yr spring barley-forage rotation that included red clover and timothy. Weed species richness (Margalef's D MG ), evenness (Shannon's E), and diversity (Shannon's H') were examined in these treatments from 1992 to 1995. Nutrient source had no effect on any of the three diversity indices. Evenness values were extremely low in all years, suggesting dominance of a few weed species in most treatments. Weed species richness and diversity generally were greater in the barley-forage rotation compared with the monoculture. Tillage effects on richness and diversity varied with crop rotation. Margalef's D MG and Shannon's H' were greater in 1993 and 1995, but they were lower in 1994 when chisel was compared with moldboard plowing in the monoculture. In 1994, chickweed density was about five times greater in the chisel-plowed monoculture compared with other treatment combinations of rotation and tillage. In 1995, only one species with a density of six plants m −2 occurred in the moldboard-plowed monoculture compared with three to six species and densities of 51 to 832 plants m −2 in the other rotation by tillage treatments. Climatic conditions and herbicide use patterns in the different crop rotation treatments may have contributed to the more dynamic nature of weed species diversity in the barley monoculture. Reduced frequency of tillage and herbicide application; management of the forage stands, especially with regard to their termination; and improved soil resource availability likely explained the increased but more stable diversity of the weed communities in the barley-forage rotation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0043-1745 , 1550-2759
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0043174500088998
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2123881-9
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  • 7
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    Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2001
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 2001-08-01), p. 515-523
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 2001-08-01), p. 515-523
    Abstract: Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH 3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m –2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 − contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH 3 fluxes. Soil NH 4 + -N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH 3 was higher (P 〈 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH 3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH 3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH 3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH 3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots. Key Words: Ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen cycle, organic amendments
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/S00-044
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
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  • 8
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    Manure, Tillage, and Crop Rotation: Effects on Residual Weed Interference in Spring Barley Cropping Systems
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  Agronomy Journal Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 496-504
    Details
    In: Agronomy Journal, Wiley, Vol. 90, No. 4 ( 1998-07), p. 496-504
    Abstract: Effects of management practices on crop growth and yields may or may not be mediated through crop‐weed interactions. Our objective was to detect and confirm a relationship between the influence of crop management factors on spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and the potential occurrence of crop‐weed interference. A field study was established on a Normandin clay (fine, mixed, frigid Humic Cryaquept) at Normandin in Québec to investigate the effects of crop rotation, tillage (chisel plow, CP; moldboard plow, MP), and nutrient source on midseason aboveground dry weight and seed yield of barley and residual weed populations. Barley‐weed interference was detected using ANOVA, principal components analysis, and analysis of covariance. A reduction in midseason dry weight (36%) and seed yield (59%) of barley in the CP relative to the MP treatment in 1994 was associated with interference from broadleaf plantain ( Plantago major L.) and dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers). A 20% reduction in midseason dry weight and seed yield with CP tillage in 1995 was associated with interference from volunteer timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) and Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.). Barley dry weight and seed yield were 29 and 26% greater in the barley‐forage rotation compared with the monoculture in all years except 1995, despite greater weed pressure in the barley‐forage rotation, confirming the benefits of forages to subsequent crops in a rotation. Compared with mineral fertilizer, application of manure resulted in lower dry weight and seed yield for barley; however, this reduction was not associated with weed interference. In contrast to tillage, crop rotation and nutrient source effects on crop variables appeared mediated through factors other than weed interference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-1962 , 1435-0645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000040010x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471598-3
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  • 9
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    Ammonia Volatilization and Selected Soil Characteristics Following Application of Anaerobically Digested Pig Slurry
    Wiley ; 2004
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 306-312
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 306-312
    Abstract: Ammonia volatilization occurs shortly following land application of pig slurry. Several slurry and soil characteristics modulate the intensity of this process, and their net effect on volatilization is still hard to predict. Our aim was to compare volatilization following application of anaerobically stored (ASPS) and anaerobically digested (ADPS) pig slurry to a bare loamy soil (loamy, mixed, frigid, Aeric Haplaquept). Ammonia volatilization was measured using wind tunnels. Soil pH and water, NH + 4 , NO − 3 , and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were monitored in the 0‐ to 0.5‐, 0.5‐ to 2‐, 2‐ to 5‐, and 5‐ to 10‐cm soil layers to explain volatilization rates. Following slurry application, pH increased by 1 to 3 units in the top 2 cm of soil, resulting in high volatilization rates in the first 6 h of experiment. Thereafter, pH decreased more slowly in ASPS than ADPS plots, possibly due to the degradation of VFAs present in ASPS. After 2 d, 35% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N was lost as NH 3 –N for both slurries, corresponding well to the net decrease found in soil NH + 4 –N content. After 9 d, net soil NH + 4 –N disappearance accounted for about 60% of slurry‐added NH + 4 –N for both slurries, whereas NH 3 –N losses represented only 40%. Therefore, for the first 2 d of the experiment NH 3 volatilization explained most of the decline in soil NH + 4 Afterwards, biological processes, such as immobilization and nitrification, were assumed to play a significant role in slurry NH + 4 disappearance. Despite marked changes in slurry properties, anaerobic digestion did not significantly modify the proportion of slurry N that was lost as NH 3 Ammonia volatilization was related mostly to soil pH and NH + 4 content in the top 2 cm of soil. Below 5‐cm depth, slurry application had little effect on soil pH, water, VFA, or mineral N content. This finding stresses the importance of stratified soil sampling when studying the short‐term effects of pig slurry on NH 3 volatilization and associated soil properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2004.3060
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 10
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    Injection of Dicyandiamide-Treated Pig Slurry Reduced Ammonia Volatilization without Enhancing Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from No-Till Corn in Southern Brazil
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Environmental Quality Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2014-05), p. 789-800
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Quality, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2014-05), p. 789-800
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0301
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120525-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050469-X
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