Abstract: Đặt vấn đề: Ở Việt Nam, năm 2020 đã ghi nhận 182.563 ca ung thư mới và 122.690 ca tử vong vì ung thư. Bốn loại ung thư hàng đầu ở Việt Nam là ung thư gan (14,5%), ung thư phổi (14,4%), ung thư vú (11,8%) và ung thư đại trực tràng (9,0%). Phát hiện sớm đồng thời nhiều loại ung thư giúp giảm 78% tỉ lệ bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán ở giai đoạn muộn và giảm 26% bệnh nhân tử vong vì ung thư. Ngoài ra, phát hiện sớm ung thư giúp tăng hiệu quả điều trị và giảm chi phí y tế. Mục tiêu: Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi phát triển một qui trình sinh thiết lỏng phát hiện ung thư giai đoạn sớm gọi là SPOT-MAS. Phương pháp: Qui trình SPOT-MAS được xây dựng dựa trên công nghệ giải trình tự thế hệ mới để phát hiện đồng thời 4 biến đổi đặc trưng của ADN khối u được phóng thích vào máu ngoại vi (gọi là circulation tumor DNA, ctDNA) bao gồm i) sự biến đổi hyper-methylation trên 450 vùng, ii) biến đổi hypo-methylation trên toàn bộ gen, iii) kích thước đặc trưng của ctDNA và iv) biến đổi số lượng bản sao và cấu trúc NST. Sự kết hợp 4 đặc tính này và mô hình máy học đã giúp gia tăng khả năng phát hiện ung thư từ giai đoạn sớm và cho phép phát hiện đồng thời 4 loại ung thư gan, phổi, vú và đại-trực tràng. Qui trình SPOT-MAS được phát triển với mẫu máu được thu nhận từ 285 bệnh nhân mắc ung thư giai đoạn I-IIIa và 222 người khoẻ mạnh. Kết quả: Độ nhạy của qui trình SPOT-MAS đạt 73,9% (95%CI: 73,2-74,6), độ đặc hiệu đạt 95,9% (95%CI: 95,8-96), giá trị tiên đoán dương là 95,4% (95%CI: 95,2-95,3) và giá trị tiên đoán âm là 75,7% (95%CI: 74,7-76). Kết luận: Phương pháp SPOT-MAS phân tích đồng thời 4 biến đổi đặc trưng của ctDNA, vì vậy giúp tăng độ chính xác trong phát hiện sớm ung thư và cho phép phát hiện đồng thời 4 loại ung thư phổ biến nhất chỉ trong một lần phân tích.

Abstract: Leonetti and Luca [‘On the iterates of the shifted Euler’s function’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. , to appear] have shown that the integer sequence $(x_n)_{n\geq 1}$ defined by $x_{n+2}=\phi (x_{n+1})+\phi (x_{n})+k$ , where $x_1,x_2\geq 1$ , $k\geq 0$ and $2 \mid k$ , is bounded by $4^{X^{3^{k+1}}}$ , where $X=(3x_1+5x_2+7k)/2$ . We improve this result by showing that the sequence $(x_n)$ is bounded by $2^{2X^2+X-3}$ , where $X=x_1+x_2+2k$ .

Abstract: Literacy overview shows that almost all of valuation researches for heritages have built demand curves as that of private goods. We argue that heritages are high-end purity public goods. A heritage valuation research would yield more accurate results if the demand curve could be built as that of a public good. This paper presents arguments of the superiority of the public good demand curve over that of private good in the scope of heritage valuation, and initially apply for Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in valuating Hoi An, a World Heritage in Central of Vietnam, to look for evidences of such superiority. Evidences show that: (i) the relationship between visits and travel cost could be represented more accurately by the public good’s demand curve rather than the private good’s one; (ii) To build the demand curve for such a World Heritage (tourists are inhomogeneous) it requires additional technique to minimize potential distortions, in which the purchasing power parity ratio (PPP ratio) has been used to adjust inconsistence of actual traveling costs; (iii) The values of Hoi An has been valuated at US $ 4,255,724,958 USD in accordance with its public good’s demand curve, shows 206.6% higher than the value computed according to the private goods’ demand curve.

Abstract: Concern about energy depletion has risen because of industrialization and consumerism, pushing a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. To this end, every group within society, especially the youth, should be made responsible for confronting and/or mitigating environmental problems. This study advances the understanding of young adults’ intentions to learn about energy conservation and its influencing factors, as well as contributes to the literature on environmental management and environmental culture and development. We used a systematic random sample technique to conduct a large-scale online survey with 1454 students from 48 different Vietnamese universities and employed Bayesian regression model to analyze the data. The initial research indicates that young adults are highly concerned about the environment, but more work has to be done to turn perceptions into actions. The majority of respondents—nearly 83%—want to increase their energy-saving knowledge, and around 50% are interested in enrolling in an energy course. Their decision regarding participation in an energy course is largely influenced by their perception and income. Women were more inclined to take energy-saving courses, and people who lived in rural areas had a stronger desire to increase their knowledge. Our research has various policy implications for promoting energy transformation and/or nurturing environmental cultures associated with environmental education improvement in Vietnam and beyond.

Abstract: Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. 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