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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-07)
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-07)
    Abstract: Can humans extend and augment their natural perceptions during adulthood? Here, we address this fascinating question by investigating the extent to which it is possible to successfully augment visual spatial perception to include the backward spatial field (a region where humans are naturally blind) via other sensory modalities (i.e., audition). We thus developed a sensory-substitution algorithm, the “Topo-Speech” which conveys identity of objects through language, and their exact locations via vocal-sound manipulations, namely two key features of visual spatial perception. Using two different groups of blindfolded sighted participants, we tested the efficacy of this algorithm to successfully convey location of objects in the forward or backward spatial fields following ~ 10 min of training. Results showed that blindfolded sighted adults successfully used the Topo-Speech to locate objects on a 3 × 3 grid either positioned in front of them (forward condition), or behind their back (backward condition). Crucially, performances in the two conditions were entirely comparable. This suggests that novel spatial sensory information conveyed via our existing sensory systems can be successfully encoded to extend/augment human perceptions. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to spatial perception, sensory augmentation and sensory rehabilitation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2005
    In:  Nature Reviews Neuroscience Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2005-1), p. 71-77
    In: Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2005-1), p. 71-77
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-003X , 1471-0048
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028902-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Cognition Vol. 212 ( 2021-07), p. 104716-
    In: Cognition, Elsevier BV, Vol. 212 ( 2021-07), p. 104716-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-0277
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499940-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184702-8
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 17 ( 2023-3-9)
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 17 ( 2023-3-9)
    Abstract: The Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) participates in the visual perception and motor actions of body parts. We recently showed that EBA’s perceptual function develops independently of visual experience, responding to stimuli with body-part information in a supramodal fashion. However, it is still unclear if the EBA similarly maintains its action-related function. Here, we used fMRI to study motor-evoked responses and connectivity patterns in the congenitally blind brain. We found that, unlike the case of perception, EBA does not develop an action-related response without visual experience. In addition, we show that congenital blindness alters EBA’s connectivity profile in a counterintuitive way—functional connectivity with sensorimotor cortices dramatically decreases, whereas connectivity with perception-related visual occipital cortices remains high. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that action-related functions and connectivity in the visual cortex could be contingent on visuomotor experience. We further discuss the role of the EBA within the context of visuomotor control and predictive coding theory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-11-3)
    In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-11-3)
    Abstract: Manipulating sensory and motor cues can cause an illusionary perception of ownership of a fake body part. Presumably, the illusion can work as long as the false body part’s position and appearance are anatomically plausible. Here, we introduce an illusion that challenges past assumptions on body ownership. We used virtual reality to switch and mirror participants’ views of their hands. When a participant moves their physical hand, they see the incongruent virtual hand moving. The result is an anatomically implausible configuration of the fake hand. Despite the hand switch, participants reported significant body ownership sensations over the virtual hands. In the first between-group experiment, we found that the strength of body ownership over the incongruent hands was similar to that of congruent hands. Whereas, in the second within-group experiment, anatomical incongruency significantly decreased body ownership. Still, participants reported significant body ownership sensations of the switched hands. Curiously, we found that perceived levels of agency mediate the effect of anatomical congruency on body ownership. These findings offer a fresh perspective on the relationship between anatomical plausibility and assumed body ownership. We propose that goal-directed and purposeful actions can override anatomical plausibility constraints and discuss this in the context of the immersive properties of virtual reality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5161
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2425477-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 97, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 1633-1641
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 97, No. 2 ( 2007-02), p. 1633-1641
    Abstract: The involvement of occipital cortex in sensory processing is not restricted solely to the visual modality. Tactile processing has been shown to modulate higher-order visual and multisensory integration areas in sighted as well as visually deprived subjects; however, the extent of involvement of early visual cortical areas remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging in normally sighted, briefly blindfolded subjects with well-defined visuotopic borders as they tactually explored and rated raised-dot patterns. Tactile task performance resulted in significant activation in primary visual cortex (V1) and deactivation of extrastriate cortical regions V2, V3, V3A, and hV4 with greater deactivation in dorsal subregions and higher visual areas. These results suggest that tactile processing affects occipital cortex via two distinct pathways: a suppressive top-down pathway descending through the visual cortical hierarchy and an excitatory pathway arising from outside the visual cortical hierarchy that drives area V1 directly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Vision Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2015-09-01), p. 125-
    In: Journal of Vision, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2015-09-01), p. 125-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1534-7362
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106064-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Vision Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2021-09-27), p. 2584-
    In: Journal of Vision, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2021-09-27), p. 2584-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1534-7362
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106064-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 39, No. 40 ( 2019-10-02), p. 7882-7892
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 39, No. 40 ( 2019-10-02), p. 7882-7892
    Abstract: In 1954, Penfield and Jasper's findings based on electric stimulation of epileptic patients led them to hypothesize that a sensory representation of the body should be found in the precuneus. They termed this representation the “supplementary sensory” area and emphasized that the exact form of this homunculus could not be specified on the basis of their results. In the decades that followed, their prediction was neglected. The precuneus was found to be involved in numerous motor, cognitive and visual processes, but no work was done on its somatotopic organization. Here, we used a periodic experimental design in which 16 human subjects (eight women) moved 20 body parts to investigate the possible body part topography of the precuneus. We found an anterior-to-posterior, dorsal-to-ventral, toes-to-tongue gradient in a mirror orientation to the SMA. When inspecting body-part-specific functional connectivity, we found differential connectivity patterns for the different body parts to the primary and secondary motor areas and parietal and visual areas, and a shared connectivity to the extrastriate body area, another topographically organized area. We suggest that a whole-body gradient can be found in the precuneus and is connected to multiple brain areas with different connectivity for different body parts. Its exact role and relations to the other known functions of the precuneus such as self-processing, motor imagery, reaching, visuomotor and other body–mind functions should be investigated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Using fMRI, as well as sensitive spectral analysis, we found a new homunculus in the precuneus: an anterior-to-posterior, dorsal-to-ventral, toes-to-tongue somatotopic gradient in a mirror orientation to the SMA. When inspecting body-part-specific functional connectivity, we found differential connectivity patterns for the different body parts to the primary and secondary motor areas, parietal and visual areas, and a shared connectivity to the extrastriate body area, another topographically organized area. We suggest that a whole-body gradient can be found in the precuneus and is connected to multiple brain areas in a body-part-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience
    Abstract: Motor actions, such as reaching or grasping, can be decoded from fMRI activity of early visual cortex in sighted humans. This effect can depend on vision or visual imagery, or alternatively, could be driven by mechanisms independent of visual experience. Here, we show that the actions of reaching in different directions can be reliably decoded from fMRI activity of early visual cortex in congenitally blind humans (both sexes). Thus, neither visual experience nor visual imagery is necessary for early visual cortex to represent action-related information. We also demonstrate that, within early visual cortex of blind humans, the accuracy of reach direction decoding is highest in areas typically representing foveal vision and gradually decreases in areas typically representing peripheral vision. We propose that this might indicate the existence of a predictive, hard-wired mechanism of aligning action and visual spaces. This mechanism might send action-related information primarily to the high-resolution foveal visual areas, which are critical for guiding and online correction of motor actions. Finally, we show that, beyond early visual cortex, the decoding of reach direction in blind humans is most accurate in dorsal stream areas known to be critical for visuo-spatial and visuo-motor integration in the sighted. Thus, these areas can develop space and action representations even in the lifelong absence of vision. Overall, our findings in congenitally blind humans match previous research on the action system in the sighted, and suggest that the development of action representations in the human brain might be largely independent of visual experience. Significance Statement Early visual cortex (EVC) was traditionally thought to process only visual signals from the retina. Recent studies proved this account incomplete, and showed EVC involvement in many activities not directly related to incoming visual information, such as memory, sound, or action processing. Is EVC involved in these activities because of visual imagery? Here, we show robust reach direction representation in EVC of humans born blind. This demonstrates that EVC can represent actions independently of vision and visual imagery. Beyond EVC, we found that reach direction representation in blind humans is strongest in dorsal brain areas, critical for action processing in the sighted. This suggests that the development of action representations in the human brain is largely independent of visual experience.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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