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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders and its Association with Life Events and Social Support in Mothers Attending a Well-Child Clinic : Findings from Mombasa, Kenya
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  SAGE Open Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2016-10), p. 215824401667732-
    Details
    In: SAGE Open, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2016-10), p. 215824401667732-
    Abstract: Common mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety disorders that affect mothers with young children, are a major public health issue in developing countries. This study investigates the prevalence of CMD and its associated factors among mothers attending a well-child clinic in Mombasa, Kenya. In this cross-sectional study, 429 women were screened for the presence of CMD using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire–20 (SRQ-20). Social support and social stress were measured using the OSLO Social Support Scale and the Life Events Checklist. The prevalence of CMD was 20%. High SRQ scorers were more likely to be single or separated/divorced compared with low scorers. Language, neighborhood, and financial difficulties were found to be significant independent correlates of CMD through multiple logistic regression analysis. Rates of CMD among mothers with young children in Kenya are high. This is important for nurses and pediatricians whose contact offers them an opportunity to detect CMD and refer mothers for appropriate support.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2158-2440 , 2158-2440
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244016677324
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628279-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) : FREQUENCY IN DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE II) PATIENTS AND NON DIABETIC GROUP AT SHALAMAR MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE, LAHORE
    Independent Medical Trust ; 2016
    In:  The Professional Medical Journal Vol. 23, No. 01 ( 2016-01-10), p. 029-033
    Details
    In: The Professional Medical Journal, Independent Medical Trust, Vol. 23, No. 01 ( 2016-01-10), p. 029-033
    Abstract: Objectives: To assess the incidence of NAFLD and biochemical profile in nondiabeticand diabetic patients. Study Design: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Setting:Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS), Lahore. Period: Six months, Jan 2015 to Jun2015. Methods: The patients coming to the Radiology Department for abdominal ultrasoundwere age and sex matched into fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups and diabetic and nondiabeticgroups and were further evaluated on the basis of glucose, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and triglycerides (TG) levels from the laboratory data. Results: The findings of allbiochemical parameters were raised in diabetic patients with fatty liver as well as in non-fattyliver diabetic group and the differences were found to be statistically (P value less than 0.05)significant. In non-diabetic group, out of 200 subjects 56.5% had NAFLD whereas 43.5% hadno NAFLD. In diabetic patients, out of 200 patients 69% had NAFLD and 31% had no NAFLDand the difference was significant statistically (P= 〈 0.05). The prevalence of NAFLD 12.5%was higher in type-2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic group. In non-diabeticgroup, 113 subjects had TG value of 181±82.49, while 87 subjects had TG of 141±44.5. Indiabetic patients, 138 patients had TG value of 467±277.64 whereas 62 patients had TG valueof 178±46.52, which was statistically significant (P= 〈 0.05). Conclusion: Fatty liver is animportant marker for metabolic syndrome which is a pre-diabetic condition. The occurrenceof NAFLD was elevated in type II patients of diabetes. The traditional risk factors for NAFLDare considered to be female sex, type II diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated ALT were observed more repeatedly in fattyliver than in non-fatty liver (type II) diabetic patients
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-7733 , 1024-8919
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.29309/TPMJ/2016.23.01.783
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Independent Medical Trust
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a virtual classroom for pre-analytical phase of laboratory medicine for undergraduate medical students using the Delphi technique
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2022-4-6), p. e0264447-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2022-4-6), p. e0264447-
    Abstract: Amongst the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phase of laboratory testing, pre-analytical phase is the most error-prone. Knowledge gaps in understanding of pre-analytical factors are identified in the clinical years amongst undergraduate students due to lack of formal teaching modules on the pre-analytical phase. This study was conducted to seek experts’ consensus in Clinical Chemistry on learning objectives and contents using the Delphi technique with an aim to develop an asynchronous virtual classroom for teaching pre-analytical factors of laboratory testing. Methods A mixed method study was conducted at the Aga Khan University. A questionnaire comprising of 16 learning objectives and their associated triggers was developed on Google Docs for developing the case vignettes. A four-point Likert Scale, which included strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree, was utilized for the learning objectives. An open-ended question was included for experts to suggest new items for inclusion. A cut off of at least 75% agreement was set to establish consensus on each item. A total of 17 Chemical Pathology faculty from 13 institutions across Pakistan were invited to participate in the first round of Delphi. Similar method of response was used in round two to establish consensus on the newly identified items suggested by the faculty in round 1. Later, the agreed-upon objectives and triggers were used to develop interactive scenarios over Moodle to concurrently test and teach medical students in a nonchalant manner. Results A total of 17 responses were received in Round 1 of the Delphi process (response rate = 100%), while 12 responses were received in Round 2 (response rate = 71%). In round 1, all 16 learning objectives reached the required consensus (≥ 75%) with no additional learning objectives suggested by the experts. Out of 75 triggers in round 1, 61 (81.3%) reached the consensus to be included while 39 were additionally suggested. In 2nd round, 17 out of 39 newly suggested triggers met the desired consensus. 14 triggers did not reach the consensus after two rounds, and were therefore eliminated. The virtual classroom developed using the agreed-upon learning objectives and triggers consisted of 20 items with a total score of 31 marks. The questions included multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks, drag and drop sequences and read-and-answer comprehensions. Specific learning points were included after each item and graphs and pictures were included for a vibrant experience. Conclusion We developed an effective and interactive virtual session with expert consensus on the pre-analytical phase of laboratory testing for undergraduate medical students which can be used for medical technologist, graduate students and fellows in Chemical Pathology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r005
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264447.r006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD); FREQUENCY IN DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE II) PATIENTS AND NON DIABETIC GROUP AT SHALAMAR MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE, LAHORE
    Independent Medical Trust ; 2016
    In:  The Professional Medical Journal Vol. 23, No. 01 ( 2016-01-01), p. 29-33
    Details
    In: The Professional Medical Journal, Independent Medical Trust, Vol. 23, No. 01 ( 2016-01-01), p. 29-33
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1024-8919 , 2071-7733
    Uniform Title: English
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17957/TPMJ/16
    DOI: 10.17957/TPMJ
    DOI: 10.17957/TPMJ/16.3110
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Independent Medical Trust
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Enterica Isolates in a Tertiary Care Setting
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2022-05-26), p. 11-13
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2022-05-26), p. 11-13
    Abstract: Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in South Asia and is the most common bacteremic illness in children in Pakistan, with rates as high as 1000 cases per 100000 child-years having been reported from Karachi. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains has been highly reported from developing countries. Fluoroquinolone resistance has also been highly reported. Clinical cases of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enteric isolates have also been reported recently leading to spread of XDR strains. Methodology; Between 1st January-31st December 2021, a total of 1385 blood sample were processed for identification of enteric fever isolates. The blood samples were inoculated in the tryptic soy broth bottles. The strain identification was initially performed by Gram staining, and by using API 20E. For serovar confirmation, agglutination assays were performed using antisera. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the Salmonella enterica isolates was performed using the disc diffusion method according to the (CLSI) standards for the following antibiotics; ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Results: A total of 425(30.68%) samples gave positive growth. Sixty-two (14.58%) isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica species. Eight isolates (12.90%) were from 〈 5 years of age group, 35(56.45%) from 5 to 15 years age group. Species differentiation revealed, 52(83.87%) were Salmonella typhi and 10(16.12%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Sensitivity pattern of the isolates (n=62), indicated 29(46.77%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), while 32(51.61%) were extensively-drug resistant (XDR). Conclusions: Both governmental and nongovernmental organizations in Pakistan need to actively promote vaccination campaigns and healthy hygiene habits and discourage irrational use of antibiotics to prevent the mortality and morbidity associated with increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Safe water supply, personal hygiene and effective antibiotic policies can help us to control the disease therefore reducing antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, salmonella enteric, bacteremic illness
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22165
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216511
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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