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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco consumption among research scholars: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three Indian universities
    Emerald ; 2022
    In:  Drugs, Habits and Social Policy Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-09-01), p. 140-155
    Details
    In: Drugs, Habits and Social Policy, Emerald, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-09-01), p. 140-155
    Abstract: Alcohol and tobacco consumption are significant public health concerns and considered some of the riskiest behaviors among students. Despite strong indications of heavy consumption of these substances, certain sections of the student population remain unexplored regarding their consumption patterns and associated factors, including research scholars pursuing Doctor of Philosophy degrees. This study aims to explore the patterns and correlations of consumption of alcohol and tobacco among doctoral students in three Indian universities. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 530 scholars from three central universities, Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University and Jawahar Lal Nehru University, and focused on two substances (alcohol and tobacco) frequently used by students in India. Bi-variate analysis and penalized logistic regressions were applied to analyse the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol, smoking and smokeless tobacco among doctoral students. Findings Tobacco consumption was observed to be the dominant form of substance use among doctoral students. Findings revealed that 34% of scholars smoked and 25% consumed smokeless tobacco daily and around 14% consumed alcohol at least once a week. Major significant correlates of substance consumption among scholars were found to be gender, religion, parental mortality, dissatisfaction with academic performance and stress about future career/employment. Significant variation in substance use patterns was observed among universities. Originality/value This study provides first-hand evidence on substance use patterns and the correlates among doctoral students in three Indian universities. Findings indicate the implementation of specific intervention programs for mental health and counselling for this section of students to prevent substance use addiction would be beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2752-6739 , 2752-6747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1108/DHS-09-2021-0053
    Language: English
    Publisher: Emerald
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Differentials and predictors of hospitalisation among the elderly people in India: evidence from 75th round of National Sample Survey (2017-2018)
    Emerald ; 2022
    In:  Working with Older People Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2022-11-28), p. 325-341
    Details
    In: Working with Older People, Emerald, Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2022-11-28), p. 325-341
    Abstract: There is limited evidence on the determinants of hospitalisation and its causes in India. This study aims to examine the differential in the hospitalisation rates and its socioeconomic determinants. This study also examines the causes of diseases in hospitalisation among the elderly (≥60 years) in India. Design/methodology/approach This study used data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organizations, collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The elderly samples in this survey are 42,759, where 11,070 were hospitalised, and 31,689 were not hospitalised in the past year or 365 days. This study estimated hospitalisation rates and carried out binary logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of hospitalisation with the background variables. The cause of diseases in hospitalisations was also calculated. Findings The hospitalisation rate was lower among elderly female compared to elderly male. Elderly who belongs to middle-old aged groups, non-married, North-Eastern region, Southern region, general caste, health insurance, partially and fully economically dependent have a higher chance of being hospitalised. About 38% elderly were hospitalised due to communicable diseases (CDs), 52% due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and 10% due to injuries and others (IO). Nearly 40% elderly were hospitalised in public hospitals due to CDs, whereas 52% were hospitalised in private hospitals due to NCDs and 11% due to IO. Research limitations/implications Firstly, this study is based on cross-sectional survey due to which temporal ambiguity averted to draw causal inferences. Secondly, other significant factors can also predict hospitalisations and provide insightful results, such as lifestyle factors, behavioral factors, obesity, mental state and several personal habits such as smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, consuming tobacco or other harmful substances. But this information was not available in this study. Even with these limitations, the hospitalisation issues among the elderly are beneficial to understand the current circumstances of CDs, NCDs and injury and other diseases for India and its states to formulate health policy. Practical implications Early screening and early treatment for NCDs are needed, which are non-existent in almost all parts of India. It is essential to necessitate and identify the important factors that best predict hospitalisation or re-visit of hospital admission. Although, the medical advances in India have made rapid strides in the past few decades, it is burdened none the less, as the doctor–patient ratio is very low. It is important to develop preventive measures to minimize the accidents and causalities to avoid substantial cost associated with elderly health care. Social implications Raising awareness, promotion of healthy life style and improving the quality of good health-care provisions at primary level is a necessity. Originality/value The findings, practical and social implications provide a way forward for the health policymakers to potentially alter the future research to reduce associated comorbidities, unnecessary hospitalisations and other medical complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-3666 , 1366-3666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1108/WWOP-11-2021-0055
    Language: English
    Publisher: Emerald
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2266269-8
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  • 3
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    Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease: A study based on self-reported chronic heart disease and symptom-based angina pectoris among middle-aged and older Indian adults
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-6-28), p. e0287455-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2023-6-28), p. e0287455-
    Abstract: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of heart diseases and angina pectoris and associated factors among middle-aged and older Indian adults. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease among middle-aged and older adults based on self-reported chronic heart disease (CHD) and symptom-based angina pectoris (AP). Methods We used cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, 2017–18. The sample consists of 59,854 individuals (27, 769 males and 32,085 females) aged 45 years and above. Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between morbidities, other covariates (demographic factors, socio-economic factors and behavioral factors) and heart disease and angina. Results A proportion of 4.16% older males and 3.55% older females reported the diagnosis of heart diseases. A proportion of 4.69% older males and 7.02% older females had symptom-based angina. The odds of having heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive and who had family history of heart disease, and it was higher among those whose cholesterol levels were higher. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease were more likely to have angina than their healthy counterparts. The odds of undiagnosed heart disease were lower but the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive than non-hypertensive individuals. Those having diabetes were less likely to have undiagnosed heart disease while among the diabetic people the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher. Similarly, higher odds were observed among people with high cholesterol, having stroke and also among those who had a history of heart disease than their counterparts. Conclusions The present study provided a comparative prevalence of heart disease and agina and their associations with chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India. The higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease and their risk factors among middle-aged and older Indians manisfest alarming public health concerns and future health demand.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287455
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 4
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    Health insurance support on maternal health care: evidence from survey data in India
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Public Health Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2023-06-14), p. 368-378
    Details
    In: Journal of Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2023-06-14), p. 368-378
    Abstract: Maternal health care financing is key to the smooth functioning of health systems in a country. In India, maternal health care still persists as a major public health issue. Adequate health insurance could transform the utilization of maternal health care services. Therefore, we aim to examine the health insurance policies that cover maternal health and their performance in India. Methods The unit-level data of social consumption on health by the National Sample Survey Organizations, conducted in India (2017–18), are used. Bivariate analysis, logistic regression and propensity scoring matching are applied. Results About 14.1% women are covered by health insurance support at the national level. Uninsured women are less likely to receive full antenatal care (ANC) services and institutional delivery. Socio-economic characteristics play a significant role in utilizing maternal health care benefits through health insurance support. Conclusions Our study concludes that the health insurance coverage is the most significant contributor to the better utilization of full ANC and institutional delivery at the national level and hindrances in accessing them. There is a need for proactive and inclusive policy development by the Government of India to incentivize public financing through health insurance, which can shrink the challenges of public health burden and reduce the health risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-3842 , 1741-3850
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497445-9
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  • 5
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    Conflict driven displacement and child health: Evidence based on mother’s nationality from Jordan Population and Family Health Survey
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2021-9-7), p. e0257080-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 9 ( 2021-9-7), p. e0257080-
    Abstract: Armed conflicts result in greater vulnerability and socioeconomic inequality of populations besides risking their health and well-being. Conflict intensifies the health needs and risks the life and well-being of individuals at large through displacement. Therefore, our study aims to apprise the interventions to which children under-five living in Jordan are especially at risk for acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, and fever in the conflict circumstances. Materials and methods Secondary data analysis is used in the present study. We used a weighted sample of around 9650 children from Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS), 2017–18. Bivariate analysis including prevalence rates were used to examine the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics of children. The study has also used multinomial logistic regression model, in order to evaluate the variations in the probability of nationality of under-five children living in Jordan. Results “Syrian nationalist” children have a higher relative risk of ARI (RRR = 1.19, [1.08, 1.32]), and “Other-nationalist” children have two times greater risk of ARI compared to “Jordanian children.” The relative risk of diarrhea is lower among “Syrian nationalist” and “Other-nationalist” children compared to “Jordanian children.” Children belong “Other-nationalist” are found to be less relative risk of fever (RRR = 0.9, [0.80, 1.01] ) than “Jordanian children.” Conclusions Our study concludes that conflict-driven displacement has an immediate effect on child health through access, availability, and affordability of health care services, resulting in more significant health care risks. However, sufficient investment is required to address such adversities that affect the health care system due to uneven demand as experienced by the Jordanian health care system. Thus, collaborative efforts through global partners can play a significant role in the countries facing the challenges of managing these health care emergencies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257080
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 6
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    Self-rated health among older adults in India: Gender specific findings from National Sample Survey
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2023-4-17), p. e0284321-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2023-4-17), p. e0284321-
    Abstract: The self-rated health (SRH) is a widely adopted indicator of overall health. The sponge hypothesis suggests that predictive power of SRH is stronger among women compared to men. To gain a better understanding of how gender influences SRH, this study examined whether and what determinants of gender disparity exist current self-rated health (SRH current ) and change in SRH (SRH change ) among older adults in Indian setting. Materials and methods We used cross-sectional data from the 75th National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The analytical sample constitutes 42,759 older individuals aged 60 years or older with 21,902 older men and 20,857 older women (eliminating two non-binary individuals). Outcome measures include two variables of poor/worse SRH status (SRH current and SRH change ). We have calculated absolute gaps in the prevalence of poor SRH current and worse SRH change by background characteristics. We carried out binary logistic regression models to examine the predictors of poor SRH current and worse SRH change among older adults. Results The overall absolute gender gap in poor SRH current was 3.27% and it was 0.58% in worse SRH change . Older women had significantly higher odds of poor SRH current [AOR = 1.09; CI = 0.99, 1.19] and worse SRH change [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] compared to older men. Older adults belonging to middle-aged, oldest-old, economically dependent, not working, physically immobile, suffering from chronic diseases, belonging to Muslim religion, and Eastern region have found to have higher odds of poor SRH current and worse SRH change . Educational attainments showed lower odds of have poor SRH current and worse SRH change compared to those with no education. Respondents belonging to richest income quintile and those who were not covered by any health insurance, belonging to Schedule caste, OBC, Western and Southern regions are found to have lower odds of poor SRH current and worse SRH change . Compared to those in the urban residence, respondents from rural residence [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] had higher odds of worse SRH change . Conclusions Supporting the sponge hypothesis, a clear gender gap was observed in poor current SRH and worse change in SRH among older adults in India with a female disadvantage. We further found lower socioeconomic and health conditions and lack of resources as determinants of poor current SRH and its worse change, which is crucial to address the challenge of the older people’s health and their perception of well-being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284321
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284321.r004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 7
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    Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among older adults in India
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Health at older ages is a key public health challenge especially among the developing countries. Older adults are at greater risk of vulnerability due to their physical and functional health risks. With rapidly rising ageing population and increasing burden of non-communicable diseases older adults in India are at a greater risk for multimorbidities. Therefore, to understand this multimorbidity transition and its determinants we used a sample of older Indian adults to examine multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among the Indian older-adults aged 45 and above. Methods Using the sample of 72,250 older adults, this study employed the multiple regression analysis to study the risk factors of multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was computed based on the assumption of older-adults having one or more than one disease risks. Results Our results confirm the emerging diseases burden among the older adults in India. One of the significant findings of the study was the contrasting prevalence of multimorbidity among the wealthiest groups (AOR = 1.932; 95% CI = 1.824- 2.032). Similarly women were more likely to have a multimorbidity (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.282—1.401) as compared to men among the older adults in India. Conclusion Our results confirm an immediate need for proper policy measures and health system strengthening to ensure the better health of older adults in India.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13181-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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  • 8
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    Sanitation and Diarrheal Morbidity: Evidence from Afghanistan
    Biomedical Research and Therapy ; 2020
    In:  Asian Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2020-11-29)
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Health Sciences, Biomedical Research and Therapy, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2020-11-29)
    Abstract: Background: Lack of sanitation facilities and inadequate water is key to many diseases' outcomes, mainly diarrhea. These factors affect the health status of a country and result in increased mortality and morbidity pattern, particularly among the vulnerable population like children and women. Thus, the study assesses the linkages between diarrheal diseases and sanitation in Afghanistan affected since long by political instability, which has derailed the country's health system. Methods: We used the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey to assess the linkages between sanitation and diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used to carry out the study. The logistic model was used to evaluate the risk factors that lead to diarrheal outcomes. Results: Our findings from the results showed that the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Afghanistan was 29%. Pashai is the most affected, with 36% among ethnicities, whereas eastern Afghanistan is the most affected region with a prevalence of (38%). Open defecated Population (OR: 1.17, p 〈 0.001), Tap water (OR: 1.31, p 〈 0.001), Well water (OR: 1.24, p 〈 0.001), and Sharing toilet (OR: 1.15, p 〈 0.001) are significantly associated with childhood diarrhea. Conclusions: A significant impact has been found with inadequate sanitation, shared toilet facility, clean water, and other elements with childhood diarrhea in Afghanistan. The region-wise difference has also been found to be very high across the regions. Thus, it has been found that a lack of such factors has a more significant impact on children's health and needs a particular focus from a policy purpose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2347-5218
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15419/ajhs.v6i2.479
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Biomedical Research and Therapy
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781469-5
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