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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Performance of Autumn and Spring Calving Holstein Dairy Cows with Different Levels of Environmental Exposure and Feeding Strategies
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-03-31), p. 1211-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-03-31), p. 1211-
    Abstract: Environmental exposure during confinement and feeding strategy affects cow behavior, nutrient utilization, and performance. Milk production and composition, body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were determined during a full lactation in cows submitted to (a) grazing + partial confinement in outdoor soil-bedded pens with shade structures (OD-GRZ); (b) grazing + partial confinement in a compost-bedded pack barn with cooling capacity (CB-GRZ); or (c) total confinement (same facilities as CB-GRZ) and fed TMR ad libitum (CB-TMR). Autumn (ACS) and spring (SCS) calving season cows were used for each treatment, except for CB-TMR (only SCS). In ACS, treatments did not differ in any variable, possibly due to mild weather. In SCS, milk production was higher in CB-TMR than CB-GRZ, which in turn produced more milk than OD-GRZ. Differences coincided with heat waves and/or heavy rains (similar grazing conditions and mixed ration DM intake). Milk fat, protein and lactose yield, protein content, and BCS were higher in CB-TMR, without differences between CB-GRZ and OD-GRZ. Cows in OD-GRZ had impaired energy metabolism. Under moderately unfavorable environmental conditions (ACS), when well-managed, OD-GRZ systems could equate to the productive response of CB-GRZ. However, in worse climatic conditions (SCS), performance could be compromised, especially when compared to TMR systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13071211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Knowledge of the Dairy Cow During the Transition Period in Uruguay: a Multidisciplinary Approach
    Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía ; 2022
    In:  Agrociencia Uruguay Vol. 26, No. NE2 ( 2022-07-21)
    Details
    In: Agrociencia Uruguay, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Vol. 26, No. NE2 ( 2022-07-21)
    Abstract: The transition from pregnant non lactating condition to non pregnant lactating status is a period of dramatic changes for the cow, which has to adapt its metabolism to the strong requirements for milk production. From the equilibrium that the cow resolves this period will depend the capacity to maximize milk production and quality, to evade metabolic diseases and ensure the following pregnancy. The nutritional improvement, genetic selection and animal management have increase milk production in the last decades and this is associated with a decrease in the reproductive performance and in the increase of health diseases. This review summarizes the studies performed in the last years in Uruguay, with emphasis in nutritional management, ingestive behaviour, endocrine and molecular mechanisms of nutrient partitioning and its relation with fertility in dairy cows. Studies that investigate the productive efficiency of different dairy biotypes and breeds are reported. Studies in the cow´s health that identify the transition period as a risk factor for metabolic, infections and traumatic diseases are included. We conclude that studies that integrate problems of national relevance are the appropriate methodology to investigate complex biological systems as is the dairy cow during the transition period under grazing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2730-5066
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31285/AGRO.26.1110
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912415-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Paratuberculose em bovinos de corte na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2015
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2015-05), p. 437-442
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2015-05), p. 437-442
    Abstract: Abstract:The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of paratuberculosis diagnosed in southern Rio Grande do Sul in a beef cattle property are described. Two cattle raised extensively and that presented progressive weight loss and chronic diarrhea were necropsied. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous. The intestinal mucosa was thickened and wrinkled with cerebroid aspect, especially in the final portion of the ileum, ileocecal valve and cecum. Fragments of the organs were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). Feces samples were referred to Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Área de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, for the cultivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Löwenstein Jensen for mycobacterial and PCR analysis. Histologically, granulomatous enteritis was observed in the jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum, and in multifocal areas the duodenum and colon. Lymphangitis and granulomatous adenitis was also observed. In ZN staining numerous resistant acid-fast bacilli (AFB) within macrophages, giant cells of Langhans and mesenteric lymph nodes in the jejunum, ileum cecum and rectum were observed. There was no bacterial growth in stool samples. Five samples amplified the gene sequence IS900 specific for Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis. It can be concluded that paratuberculosis, despite the few reports, occurs in beef cattle raised extensively in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Paratuberculosis may have a higher prevalence in the region than it is assumed. There is need for diagnosis of this disease and to assume effective measures for its control, as for many it is still considered an exotic malady in Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influences of nutrition and metabolism on reproduction of the female ruminant
    Colegio Brasileiro de Reproducao Animal - CBRA ; 2018
    In:  Animal Reproduction Vol. 15, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2018), p. 899-911
    Details
    In: Animal Reproduction, Colegio Brasileiro de Reproducao Animal - CBRA, Vol. 15, No. Suppl. 1 ( 2018), p. 899-911
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1984-3143
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-AR2018-0017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Colegio Brasileiro de Reproducao Animal - CBRA
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227229-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Melanoma maligno em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) albinos
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2015
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2015-10-21), p. 3239-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2015-10-21), p. 3239-
    Abstract: 〈 p 〉 Two albino water buffalo affected by multiple melanocytic tumors in Southern Brazil are described. Grossly, there were multiple dark tumors within the skin, skeletal muscle, lungs, and lymph nodes. The tumor was also present in the pericardial sac, renal capsule, mediastinum and pleura. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of polyhedral epithelioid cells arranged in solid nests or interwoven fascicles supported by a thin and sparse collagenous stroma. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic and sometimes contained varying amounts of melanin pigment. The mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemistry staining with Tyrosinase, Melan-A, Vimentin, S-100 protein, and neurofilament were positive. It is possible that the polymorphisms related to pigmentation in albino buffalo contributed with a high risk of developing melanoma as suggested in humans. 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3239
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Different Conditions during Confinement in Pasture-Based Systems and Feeding Systems Affect the Fatty Acid Profile in the Milk and Cheese of Holstein Dairy Cows
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 1426-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 1426-
    Abstract: The diet of dairy cows influences the fatty acid (FA) profiles of their milk and cheese, but how these are affected by different conditions during confinement in a mixed system (MS:grazing + total mixed ration:TMR) is not known. The aim of this study was to compare the FAs of the milk and cheese from MS in a compost-bedded pack barns (CB-GRZ) versus an outdoor soil-bedded pen (OD-GRZ) during confinement, and with a confinement system (100%TMR) in a compost-bedded pack barns (CB-TMR). Individual milk samples (n = 12 cows/group), cheese, and pooled milk (MilkP) samples were collected. The saturated FA percentages in the milk and the omega 6/omega 3 ratio in the MilkP and cheese were greater for the CB-TMR (p 〈 0.0001), while the unsaturated and monounsaturated FA percentages in the milk were lower for the CB-TMR than the MS (p 〈 0.001). The milk n-3, C18:3, and conjugated linoleic acid percentages were lower for the CB-TMR than the MS (p 〈 0.001). The milk n-3 and C18:3 were higher for the CB-GRZ than the OD-GRZ (p 〈 0.01), but no differences were observed between the MS in the MilkP and cheese. In conclusion, CB-GRZ cows during confinement produced better quality milk compared to OD-GRZ cows. However, the FA profiles of the milk, MilkP, and cheese were affected to a greater extent by the feeding management than by the conditions during confinement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13081426
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa induced by Baccharis coridifolia in goats
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2013
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 999-1003
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 33, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 999-1003
    Abstract: Baccharis coridifolia é uma planta tóxica que possui forte poder aversivo em ruminantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram induzir aversão condicionada a Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa em caprinos utilizando B. coridifolia como agente aversivo e comparar a eficiência desta aversão com a aversão induzida por cloreto de lítio (LiCl). Treze cabras foram divididas em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 com seis cabras foi avertido com 175mg/kg de peso corporal (pc) de LiCl e o Grupo 2, com sete cabras, foi avertido com 0,25g/kg de pc de B. coridifolia seco. Todas as cabras foram avertidas no dia 1 logo após a ingestão de I.carnea. A aversão foi repetida nos dias 2, 3 e 7 nos caprinos que ingeriram qualquer quantidade de I. carnea, utilizando-se o mesmo procedimento do dia 1. Os caprinos de ambos os grupos foram desafiados nas baias nos dias 23 e 38 após o último dia da aversão e desafiados na pastagem nos dias 11, 15, 18, 20, 22 , 25, 27 e 29 após o último dia da aversão. Posteriormente os caprinos foram desafiados a cada 15 dias na pastagem até o 330º dia após o último dia da aversão (7º dia). Duas cabras do Grupo 1 ingeriram I. carnea no primeiro dia do desafio na pastagem, quatro dias após o ultimo dia da aversão nas baias. Além disso, outra cabra do mesmo grupo reiniciou a ingestão da planta no 18º dia e outras duas no 20º dia. Uma cabra do Grupo 1 que nunca havia ingerido a planta após a aversão morreu no 55º dia. Uma cabra do Grupo 2 começou a ingerir I. carnea no primeiro dia de desafio na pastagem e uma segunda reiniciou o consumo da planta no 182º dia. No final do experimento no 330º as cinco cabras avertidas com B. coridifolia permaneciam sem ingerir a planta. Estes resultados sugerem que B. coridifolia ou algum princípio ativo dessa planta pode ser utilizado para induzir aversão condicionada a plantas tóxicas. A utilização de B. coridifolia como agente aversivo é aparentemente mais barato e mais fácil de ser utilizado do que o LiCl, o qual requer o uso de sonda oro-gástrica e pessoal qualificado para sua implementação.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2013000800009
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
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    Avances en el conocimiento de la vaca lechera durante el período de transición en Uruguay: un enfoque multidisciplinario
    Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía ; 2013
    In:  Agrociencia Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2013-06), p. 141-152
    Details
    In: Agrociencia, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2013-06), p. 141-152
    Abstract: La transición del estado preñada no lactante al no preñado lactante es un período de cambios drásticos para la vaca, la cual debe adaptar su metabolismo a las fuertes exigencias que le demanda la producción. Del equilibrio con que la vaca resuelva este proceso dependerá la capacidad de maximizar la producción y la calidad de la leche, de evitar enfermedades metabólicas y asegurar la siguiente preñez. La mejora nutricional, la selección genética y el manejo animal han aumentado la producción de leche en las últimas décadas, y esto se asocia a una disminución del desempeño reproductivo y al aumento de problemas sanitarios. Esta revisión resume trabajos realizados en los últimos años en Uruguay, enfatizando en el manejo diferencial de nutrientes, la respuesta en comportamiento ingestivo, los mecanismos endocrino-moleculares de la partición de nutrientes y su relación con la fertilidad en vacas lecheras. Se reportan experimentos que estudian la eficiencia productiva de diferentes biotipos lecheros y razas. Se describen trabajos en salud que identifican el período de transición como período de riesgo a enfermedades metabólicas, infecto-contagiosas y traumáticas. Se concluye que los estudios integrados en problemas de relevancia nacional es la respuesta necesaria a sistemas biológicos complejos como lo es la vaca lechera durante el período de transición en pastoreo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1510-0839 , 2301-1548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31285/AGRO.17.528
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2399235-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912415-3
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  • 9
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    Monitoring the Transition Period in Dairy Cows through 1H NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Dairy Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2021-07-02), p. 356-366
    Details
    In: Dairy, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2021-07-02), p. 356-366
    Abstract: The metabolic alterations associated with the increase in milk production make the transition period critical to the health of dairy cows, usually leading to a higher incidence of disease in periparturient animals. In this manuscript, we describe the use of NMR-based untargeted metabolomics to follow how these changes impact the serum metabolome in a group of 28 transition dairy cows with no initial clinical diseases. Principal component analysis (PCA) of serum 1H NMR data from four weeks before calving to 8 weeks after parturition allowed us to clearly identify four stages during the transition period. Pairwise comparisons using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate data analysis led to the identification of 18 metabolites that varied significantly through these stages. Species such as acetate, betaine, and creatine are observed early after calving, while other markers of metabolic stress, including acetone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and choline, accumulate significantly at the height of milk production. Furthermore, marked variations in the levels of lactate, allantoin, alanine, and other amino acids reveal the activation of different gluconeogenic pathways following parturition. Concomitant with a return to homeostasis, a gradual normalization of the serum metabolome occurs 8 weeks after calving. Correlations of metabolite levels with dietary and metabolic adaptations based on animal parity could also be identified. Overall, these results show that NMR-based chemometric methods are ideally suited to monitor manifestations of metabolic diseases throughout the transition period and to assess the impact of nutritional management schemes on the metabolism of dairy cows.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-862X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/dairy2030028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3001014-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Abortos em equinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul: estudo de 72 casos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2012
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 22-26
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 22-26
    Abstract: A retrospective study of the causes of equine abortion occurred in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, diagnosed from January 2000 to June 2011 by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Veterinary School, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), is reported. Necropsy protocols were reviewed, and from 1.154 horses or equine materials received 72 (6.2%) were abortions. The main cause of abortion in this study was bacterial infection on 36.1% of the cases. Non-infectious causes accounted for 8.3% of the cases, viral abortions for 4.2%, parasitic for 1.4% and inflammatory for 2.8%. In 47.2%, it was not possible to determine the cause/etiology of abortions. Characteristic macroscopic and histological lesions were observed in abortion by Leptospira sp. and equine herpesvirus-1. No lesions were observed in the other cases. It was demonstrated that the analyses of whole fetus with the placenta under refrigeration increases the efficiency of diagnosis. The high number of abortions of undetermined cause was attributed in part to inadequate delivery of fetus material for diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2012000100005
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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