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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thinness, overweight, and obesity in 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children from 36 countries: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative—COSI 2015–2017
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Obesity Reviews Vol. 22, No. S6 ( 2021-11)
    Details
    In: Obesity Reviews, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. S6 ( 2021-11)
    Abstract: In 2015–2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6–9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-7881 , 1467-789X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.v22.S6
    DOI: 10.1111/obr.13214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020497-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S02-1 Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of children aged 6-9 in Europe: an analysis within the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Public Health Vol. 32, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-08-27)
    Details
    In: European Journal of Public Health, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 32, No. Supplement_2 ( 2022-08-27)
    Abstract: Children are becoming less physically active for a variety of interrelated reasons. The availability of opportunities for safe active playgrounds, recreational activities and active transport has decreased, while time spend on sedentary screen-based activities has increased. This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), sedentary and sleep behaviours of children aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Methods The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 36 countries from 2015-2018 using a standardized protocol including a family form completed by parents with specific questions about diet and physical activity-related behaviours. Results Nationally representative data from the 24 countries, who filled in the non-mandatory family record form, were included. Information on PA, screen-time and sleep behaviours of 137,807 children were analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: one in two children walked or cycled to school every day; one in two children were members of a sport or dancing club; around 40 % of children spent at least two hours per day watching TV or using electronic devices; around four in five children were actively or vigorously playing each day; around 88 % of children slept for at least nine hours per night. Country specific analyses showed pronounced differences in prevalence estimates between countries. Conclusions While the severity of the problem varies between countries, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviours are common across the European Region. Policy makers across the Region must do more in order to increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily activities. Furthermore, they should explore solutions to reduce the amount of time spend on sedentary activities, in order to halt the rise in overweight and obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1101-1262 , 1464-360X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac093.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033525-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Introduction of professional liability insurance for legal and financial protection of medical workers: Policy brief
    Salidat Kairbekova National Research Center for Health Development ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Health Development , No. 40 ( 2021), p. 58-68
    Details
    In: Journal of Health Development, Salidat Kairbekova National Research Center for Health Development, , No. 40 ( 2021), p. 58-68
    Abstract: Main elements: Professional liability insurance of medical workers covers unintentionally incurred risks as a result of the performance of their professional duties, and caused damage to the health and life of the patient. In fact, this is a type of property insurance, in which there is a satisfaction of property claims made to health workers, due to omissions and errors of professional activity For the purpose of administrative and civil protection of medical workers, the issue of introducing professional liability insurance in the medical sphere will increase the level of public confidence in the domestic health care and constructively address medical incidents that have caused damage to the health and life of patients. During the analytical study, 3 policy options were proposed: 1. Establishment of an independent non-profit fund for compulsory insurance of professional liability of medical workers; 2. Insurance of professional liability of health workers through functioning insurance companies; 3. Insurance through professional associations of medical workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The vision for the implementation of policy options Each of these policy options will contribute to the development of legal and financial protection for health professionals. To achieve the best results, it is necessary to choose the most effective and implemented policy. Keywords: insurance, professional responsibility, medical workers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2663-1776
    Uniform Title: Внедрение страхования профессиональной ответственности для юридической и финансовой защиты медицинских работников: Аналитический обзор
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.32921/2225-9929-2021-40-58-68
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Salidat Kairbekova National Research Center for Health Development
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parental Perceptions of Children’s Weight Status in 22 Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI 2015/2017
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  Obesity Facts Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2021), p. 658-674
    Details
    In: Obesity Facts, S. Karger AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2021), p. 658-674
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Parents can act as important agents of change and support for healthy childhood growth and development. Studies have found that parents may not be able to accurately perceive their child’s weight status. The purpose of this study was to measure parental perceptions of their child’s weight status and to identify predictors of potential parental misperceptions. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative and 22 countries. Parents were asked to identify their perceptions of their children’s weight status as “underweight,” “normal weight,” “a little overweight,” or “extremely overweight.” We categorized children’s (6–9 years; 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 124,296) body mass index (BMI) as BMI-for-age Z-scores based on the 2007 WHO-recommended growth references. For each country included in the analysis and pooled estimates (country level), we calculated the distribution of children according to the WHO weight status classification, distribution by parental perception of child’s weight status, percentages of accurate, overestimating, or underestimating perceptions, misclassification levels, and predictors of parental misperceptions using a multilevel logistic regression analysis that included only children with overweight ( 〈 i 〉 including 〈 /i 〉 obesity). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15 1. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Overall, 64.1% of parents categorized their child’s weight status accurately relative to the WHO growth charts. However, parents were more likely to underestimate their child’s weight if the child had overweight (82.3%) or obesity (93.8%). Parents were more likely to underestimate their child’s weight if the child was male (adjusted OR [adjOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI] : 1.28–1.55); the parent had a lower educational level (adjOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26–1.57); the father was asked rather than the mother (adjOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98–1.33); and the family lived in a rural area (adjOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99–1.24). Overall, parents’ BMI was not strongly associated with the underestimation of children’s weight status, but there was a stronger association in some countries. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion/Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Our study supplements the current literature on factors that influence parental perceptions of their child’s weight status. Public health interventions aimed at promoting healthy childhood growth and development should consider parents’ knowledge and perceptions, as well as the sociocultural contexts in which children and families live.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4025 , 1662-4033
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000517586
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455819-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6–9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015–2017
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  Obesity Facts Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021), p. 32-44
    Details
    In: Obesity Facts, S. Karger AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021), p. 32-44
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objectives: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6–9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Method: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015–2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children’s PA, screen time, and sleep duration. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for & #x3e;1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for & #x3c;2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9–11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7–98.3% actively playing for & #x3e;1 h/day, 8.2–85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7–94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3–80.0% engaged in screen time for & #x3c;2 h/day, and 50.0–95.8% slept for 9–11 h/night. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4025 , 1662-4033
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000511263
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455819-9
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