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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface properties of thermally treated European beech wood studied by PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Holzforschung Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2021-01-26), p. 56-64
    Details
    In: Holzforschung, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2021-01-26), p. 56-64
    Abstract: Natural constituents of wood cell-wall layers are affected in various ways by thermal treatment. This study investigated the effect of high-temperature treatment on the properties of cell-wall layers. The properties were studied using PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). European beech wood was thermally treated at 200 °C for 1, 3, and 5 h in an oxidizing atmosphere. Modulus of elasticity, adhesion force, and roughness of the secondary S 2 layer and the compound middle lamella (CML) were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that both the S 2 layer and CML were affected by thermal treatment. Stiffening of the S 2 layer was caused by increased crystallinity of the cellulose-dominated component, having peaked after 1 h of treatment. The degradation thereafter resulted in a decrease of the S 2 as well as the CML stiffness. An increase of CML roughness after 3 h of treatment was associated with the effect of thermal degradation on CML integrity. The analysis suggested that the reduction in syringyl lignin is potentially associated with an increase in adhesion of cell-wall layers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1437-434X , 0018-3830
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/hf-2019-0146
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466072-6
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leaf traits in parental and hybrid species of Sorbus (Rosaceae)
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  American Journal of Botany Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1489-1500
    Details
    In: American Journal of Botany, Wiley, Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1489-1500
    Abstract: • Premise of the study: Knowledge of functional leaf traits can provide important insights into the processes structuring plant communities. In the genus Sorbus , the generation of taxonomic novelty through reticulate evolution that gives rise to new microspecies is believed to be driven primarily by a series of interspecific hybridizations among closely related taxa. We tested hypotheses for dispersion of intermediacy across the leaf traits in Sorbus hybrids and for trait linkages with leaf area and specific leaf area. • Methods: Here, we measured and compared the whole complex of growth, vascular, and ecophysiological leaf traits among parental ( Sorbus aria , Sorbus aucuparia , Sorbus chamaemespilus ) and natural hybrid ( Sorbus montisalpae , Sorbus zuzanae ) species growing under field conditions. A recently developed atomic force microscopy technique, PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping, was used to characterize the topography of cell wall surfaces of tracheary elements and to map the reduced Young's modulus of elasticity. • Key results: Intermediacy was associated predominantly with leaf growth traits, whereas vascular and ecophysiological traits were mainly parental‐like and transgressive phenotypes. Larger‐leaf species tended to have lower modulus of elasticity values for midrib tracheary element cell walls. Leaves with a biomass investment related to a higher specific leaf area had a lower density. Leaf area‐ and length‐normalized theoretical hydraulic conductivity was related to leaf thickness. • Conclusions: For the whole complex of examined leaf traits, hybrid microspecies were mosaics of parental‐like, intermediate, and transgressive phenotypes. The high proportion of transgressive character expressions found in Sorbus hybrids implies that generation of extreme traits through transgressive segregation played a key role in the speciation process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9122 , 1537-2197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100593
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053581-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micropropagation with a novel pattern of adventitious rooting in Formosan sweetgum
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2005
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 35, No. 12 ( 2005-12-01), p. 2775-2780
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 35, No. 12 ( 2005-12-01), p. 2775-2780
    Abstract: Cultures of the Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana Hance) were established from axillary buds of intact plants and from petiole segments of in vitro grown leaves. Petiole segments were generally slower than axillary buds to form multiple shoot cultures. Thidiazuron in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine produced on average up to 9.4 shoots per explant. Shoot elongation was significantly affected by the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine, regardless of auxin addition to the medium. Adventitious rooting occurred up to 90%. An unexpected pattern of adventitious rhizogenesis was observed from the aerial parts of microshoots not in contact with the rooting medium, including leaf blades and petiole axils. In vitro adventitious root formation from the leaf blade was associated with parenchyma cells surrounding the main vein. The regenerated plants established ex vitro did not show any detectable morphological variation and no aerial roots were formed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x05-195
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The onset of hazel wood formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stems
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Annals of Forest Science Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2018-09)
    Details
    In: Annals of Forest Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2018-09)
    Abstract: Fungal infection was outlined as a potential reason for the onset of indented annual growth ring formation during the juvenile phase of hazel wood growth. Annual growth ring indentations resulted from the formation of disturbed zones which originated solely in close proximity to leaf traces. Context Hazel wood is an abnormal type of woody tissue that is formed as a result of exogenous stimuli that may trigger long-term responses in the cambium. Cambial responses produce anatomical alterations in the surrounding xylem tissue that can be observed as an indentation of annual growth rings. The chemical profiles of lignan hydroxymatairesinol may provide an indication of its possible role in the protection of a living tree against the spread of a fungal or microbial infection at the onset of indentation. Aims The objectives of this study were to reveal the anatomical differences in the altered woody tissue of Picea abies hazel wood at both the onset and the later stages of annual growth ring indentation and to determine the chemical profiles for hydroxymatairesinol upon elicitation by a fungal infection in the disturbed zones. Methods Light and scanning electron microscopy observations were carried out on radial, tangential, and cross sections of hazel wood zones separated from P . abies stems. Concentrations of hydroxymatairesinol were determined for both the disturbed zones and the non-indented zones using a gradient high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The formation of disturbed zones was accompanied by significant changes in both the direction and width of the tracheids which produced an abnormal formation of intertwined and twisted tracheids. Fungal hyphae, radial cell wall cracks, and unusually large cross-field pitting were all found in the tracheids of the disturbed zones. Conclusion The content of hydroxymatairesinol in the acetone extract determined from the disturbed zones was 3.4 times greater than that present in the non-disturbed tissues. By means of vascular dysfunction in the leaf traces, host trees responded to the fungal infection by plugging the lumens of conductive leaf trace tissue and filling the vascular pathway with polyphenolic compound deposits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1286-4560 , 1297-966X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13595-018-0757-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012340-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Imaging and Measurement of Nanomechanical Properties within Primary Xylem Cell Walls of Broadleaves
    Bio-Protocol, LLC ; 2014
    In:  BIO-PROTOCOL Vol. 4, No. 24 ( 2014)
    Details
    In: BIO-PROTOCOL, Bio-Protocol, LLC, Vol. 4, No. 24 ( 2014)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2331-8325
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1360
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bio-Protocol, LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2833269-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Evaluation of Cellulose Degradation Affected by Dutch Elm Disease
    Bio-Protocol, LLC ; 2015
    In:  BIO-PROTOCOL Vol. 5, No. 14 ( 2015)
    Details
    In: BIO-PROTOCOL, Bio-Protocol, LLC, Vol. 5, No. 14 ( 2015)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2331-8325
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1535
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bio-Protocol, LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2833269-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Propagation Techniques on Leaf Vascular Anatomy, Modulus of Elasticity, and Photosynthetic Traits in Micropropagated and Grafted Plants of the Dutch Elm Hybrid ‘Dodoens’
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2016-07), p. 351-362
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2016-07), p. 351-362
    Abstract: Understanding how plants are able to change their structural, physiological, and mechanical properties in response to various propagation methods can help to improve both their performance and their survival when transferred to field conditions. To identify changes between the routinely applied vegetative propagation techniques of in vitro micropropagation and splice grafting we assessed leaf performance for any differences in midrib vascular traits, nanomechanical properties of tracheary element cell walls, and photosynthetic traits in the dutch elm hybrid cultivar Dodoens (i.e., open-pollinated Ulmus glabra ‘Exoniensis’ × Ulmus wallichiana P39). The propagation techniques appear to have had a direct effect on a large portion of the vascular traits. In the micropropagated plants, the water-conducting area within the primary xylem tissue contained a significantly greater number of tracheary elements which suggests hydraulic safety. In the grafts, the water-conducting area contained a significantly smaller number of tracheary elements, in which the lumen areas were slightly larger than those of the micropropagated plants, resulting in a significantly higher size to number ratio which may indicate a fast and more effective water transport system. Quantitative nanomechanical mapping measurements from atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the tracheary elements of the micropropagated plants formed stiffer cell walls quantified by the reduced Young’s modulus of elasticity (MOE) than those of the grafts. The effect of the rootstock might contribute to the differences in vascular traits, as well as to the differences in cell wall stiffness and cell wall deformation observed between the stock types. The micropropagated plants were subjected to a more sensitive stomatal regulation of gas exchange resulting in the lower rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration. But the higher values of both instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE inst ) and chlorophyll a fluorescence yields found in the micropropagated plants indicate a higher acclimation capacity to stressful environmental conditions specifically for this stock type. Both stock types formed compact homogeneous clusters clearly separated from each other in the multivariate leaf trait analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.141.4.351
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Propagation Techniques on Cell Wall Chemistry and Wood Anatomy in Micropropagated and Grafted Plants of the Dutch Elm Hybrid ‘Dodoens’
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 2015
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 140, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 3-11
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 140, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 3-11
    Abstract: Determination of wood anatomy traits and the chemical attributes of plant cell walls is of great importance for the evaluation of both the effects of hybridization and the results of breeding strategies within the genus Ulmus , because these are both aimed at an enhanced tolerance to dutch elm disease (caused by Ophiostoma ulmi and O . novo-ulmi ) and to the improvement of trees having desired mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether the routinely applied vegetative propagation techniques of in vitro micropropagation or grafting would result in any change to lignin monomer composition and content, macromolecular traits of cellulose, neutral sugar composition, or the vascular and fiber anatomy traits in the stems of the dutch elm hybrid cultivar Dodoens (i.e., open-pollinated Ulmus glabra ‘Exoniensis’ × U . wallichiana P39). Propagation techniques appeared to have no direct effect on lignin monomer composition. The differences in the relative proportion of guaiacyl units in lignin between the stock types were not significant, showing that no advantage could be attributed to either stock type toward an enhanced tolerance to dutch elm disease. The micropropagated plants reached significantly higher values for 13 traits (32.5%), primarily associated with the relative proportion of d -glucose and the macromolecular traits of cellulose to compensate for a lower content of holocellulose. The grafts reached higher values for 10 traits (25%), including the relative proportions of d -xylose, d -mannose, and d -galactose. The effect of the rootstock might contribute to different amounts of these cell wall substances in the grafts. The grafts also reached a higher lignin content, which may provide minor advantages in terms of mechanical and physical properties to the cell walls of this stock type. Similarities between the stock types were found for 17 traits (42.5%). Both stock types formed compact homogeneous clusters clearly separated from each other in the multivariate wood trait analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.140.1.3
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    3D printing of a recycled copolyester of terephthalic acid, cyclohexanedimethanol and tetramethylcyclobutanediol
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Polymer Testing Vol. 118 ( 2023-01), p. 107916-
    Details
    In: Polymer Testing, Elsevier BV, Vol. 118 ( 2023-01), p. 107916-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-9418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015673-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The mechanism of enhanced lignin regulating foliar Cd absorption and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Vol. 249 ( 2023-01), p. 114481-
    Details
    In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Elsevier BV, Vol. 249 ( 2023-01), p. 114481-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0147-6513
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114481
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466969-9
    SSG: 24,1
    SSG: 12
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