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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 261 (1983), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 338 (1985), S. 325-334 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 231 (1982), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Cutaneous heparin-induced allergic reactions to subcutaneous heparin may begin 2–5 days after administration. The relation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity and a systemic immunologic response is controversial. The present investigation aimed to analyze the occurrence of thromboembolic complication, pathologic heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA), and the presence of circulating heparin-induced IgG in patients with heparin-induced skin reactions. Methods: Intracutaneous tests, HIPA assay, and heparin-heparin IgG antibodies were performed in nine patients with heparin-induced skin lesions. Results: Six of eight patients showed positive intracutaneous tests to heparin and to four low-molecular-weight heparins. Three of six heparin-positive patients presented hypersensitivity to a heparinoid, too. Two of three patients had a positive HIPA test and elevated heparin-induced IgG antibodies. Both patients developed complications presenting as heparin-induced skin necrosis or arterial thrombosis. Two of nine patients were treated with danaparoid, 4/9 patients received r-hirudin, and 1/9 received oral coumarin. In 2/9 patients, anticoagulant therapy was stopped, but these patients will receive r-hirudin if indicated. Conclusions: On the basis of the coincidence of local and systemic hyperreactivity to heparin and danaparoid, patients with heparin-induced skin lesions should receive r-hirudin, a nonheparin compound, for anticoagulant treatment.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 1171-1175 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Heparin ; Low molecular weight heparin ; Protamine chloride ; Antidot ; Factor XA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin Kabi 2165 possesses improved pharmacodynamic properties compared with conventional heparin. It is currently investigated in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism. The neutralization of Kabi 2165 by protamine chloride was analysed after i.v. injection of both the agent and the antidot in healthy persons. The anticoagulant effects of the LMW heparin on the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin, and thromboelastography are completely and immediately suppressed by protamine chloride. The inhibition of factor X a is antagonized up to 50%–60%. The bleeding time remained unaffected. The data indicate that protamine chloride may be used in clinical situations as an antidot to the LMW heparin Kabi 2165. A rebound phenomenon of the anticoagulant effect does not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thromboembolism-prophylaxis ; Bleeding complications ; Oral anticoagulants ; Heparin ; Low molecular weight heparin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with severe bleeding complications and other side effects on conventional anticoagulants and strong indication for further anticoagulation were treated with a low molecular weight heparin fragment (Tedelparin). In this paper we report the experiences in 30 patients, who were anticoagulated 1–11 months with this compound. All patients injected themselves a dose ranging from 1 × 2,500 to 1 × 20,000 anti factor Xa units per day. Within 132 months of treatment one patient with good compliance developed thromboembolism. Four patients had bad compliance. Two of them experienced rethrombosis 1 and 8 weeks after starting therapy. Severe haemorrhages did not occur. Two patients had one minor bleeding complication each. Both patients developed several times per year severe haemorrhages with conventional anticoagulants. All excessive subcutaneous haematomas and indurations of the adipose tissue at the injection site of conventional heparin disappeared completely. Low molecular weight heparin can be regarded as an alternative anticoagulant in patients with severe bleeding and other complications on oral anticoagulants and conventional heparin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Adrenerge Blocker ; Diurnaler Rhythmus ; fibrinolytische Aktivität ; oszillierendes System ; Adrenergic blocking agents ; Diurnal rhythm ; Fibrinolytic activity ; Oscillatory system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The diurnal increase of fibrinolytic activity in the forenoon was investigated after alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade in 15 volunteers. Four milligrams propranolol was injected i.v. alone or in combination with 20 mg phentolamine. Neither the beta-blocking agent, propranolol, nor the combination with the alpha-blocker, phentolamine, had any significant effect on the diurnal increase of fibrinolytic activity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 15 Probanden wurde der diurnale Anstieg der fibrinolytischen Aktivität am Vormittag nach einer alpha- und beta-adrenergen Blockade überprüft. Es wurde 4 mg Propranolol alleine oder in Kombination mit 20 mg Phentolamin i. v. appliziert. Weder der Beta-Blocker Propranolol noch die gleichzeitige Gabe des Alpha-Blockers Phentolamin beeinflußten den diurnalen Anstieg der fibrinolytischen Aktivität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thrombosis ; Deep vein thrombosis ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysis ; Thrombolysis ; Thrombose ; Beinvenenthrombose ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysetherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 81 Patienten mit tiefen venösen Thrombosen der unteren Extremität wurde eine Fibrinolysebehandlung mit Urokinase nach einem neuen, höher dosierten Therapieschema in Kombination mit Heparin durchgeführt. Unter Gabe einer Urokinasedosis von 1000–2000 IE/kg/h (Initialdosis 150000–250000 IE) konnte bei frischen, bis zu 10 Tage alten Thrombosen eine komplette oder Teileröffnung bei 68% der Patienten erzielt werden. Dabei zeigte die höhere Urokinasedosierung im Beckenvenenbereich mit einer Wiedereröffnungsrate von 67% im Vergleich zur niedrigeren Dosis mit einer Rekanalisierungsrate von nur 43% einen deutlich stärkeren thrombolytischen Effekt. Bei den Thrombosen im V. poplitea- oder Wadenvenenbereich konnte dagegen mit einer Befundbesserung von 80 und 78% bzw. 75 und 62% ein nur gering differierender Behandlungserfolg beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die hier angewendete höhere Urokinasedosierung (Erhaltungsdosis 2000 IE/kg/h) der niedrigeren bei Vorliegen langstreckiger Thrombosen überlegen ist. Unter der höheren Dosierung richtete sich die weitere Urokinasedosis nach der Fibrinogenkonzentration nach Clauss, wobei ein Wert von 50–100 mg% angestrebt wurde und ein Wert von 50 mg% nicht unterschritten werden sollte. Die Steuerung der Therapie gestaltete sich dabei problemlos. An Nebenwirkungen wurden bei 8,6% der Patienten Makrohämaturien und nur in 6% der Fälle ein Hb-Abfall von mehr als 2 g% beobachtet. Lebensbedrohliche oder cerebrale Blutungen traten nicht auf. Der hohe Anteil älterer Phlebothrombosen und die dann wesentlich geringeren therapeutischen Erfolgsaussichten (Rekanalisierung in nur 23% der Fälle) unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer möglichst frühzeitigen Klinikeinweisung.
    Notes: Summary In 81 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb, urokinase therapy was performed in combination with heparin according to a new regimen at higher dosages. When urokinase was administered at an initial maintenance dosage of 1,000–2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000–250,000 IU), phlebographically documented complete or partial recanalization could be observed in 68% of the cases. The higher dosage schedule induced a more pronounced deobliteration expecially in treatment of iliac vein thromboses (67% recanalization) in comparison to the lower dosage regimen (only 43% recanalization). Nearly comparable therapeutic results could be achieved in therapy of popliteal or saphenous vein thromboses. The data suggest that the higher dosage schedule examined here is indicated in treatment of extensive and large volume thromboses. The dosage of urokinase was further adjusted to attain a reduction of fibrinogen to 50–100 mg/dl. The concentration should not fall below 50 mg/dl. Therapy with urokinase proved practicable. Serious side effects did not occur. 8.6% of the patients showed hematuria and 6% a decrease of the Hb by more than 2 g/dl. The high proportion of older thromboses and the only low rate of recanalization (23%) in these cases suggest the necessity of an early commencement of fibrinolyses in therapy of deep vein thrombosis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 851-856 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolysis ; Achselvenenthrombose ; Thrombose ; Urokinase ; Fibrinolyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 18 Patienten mit einer Achselvenenthrombose wurde eine fibrinolytische Therapie mit Urokinase in Kombination mit Heparin durchgeführt. Der thrombolytische Effekt war dabei eindeutig vom Alter der Thrombose und der Höhe der Urokinasedosis abhängig. Unter Gabe einer anfänglichen Erhaltungsdosis von 1000–2000 IE/kg/h (Initialdosis 150 000–250 000 IE Urokinase) in Kombination mit Heparin (15–17 E/kg/h) konnte bei neun der 11 Patienten (82%) mit frischen Thrombosen ein nahezu kompletter Behandlungserfolg erzielt werden. Bei einem Thrombusalter von mehr als 10 Tagen war keine phlebographische Befundänderung nachweisbar. Wesentliche Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Auf Grund der hier mitgeteilten Behandlungsergebnisse sollte bei frischen Thrombosen der V. subclavia oder axillaris eine thrombolytische Therapie mit Urokinase durchgeführt werden. Der hier vorgelegte Erfahrungsbericht erlaubt darüber hinaus generelle Rückschlüsse zur Dosierung und Wirksamkeit der fibrinolytischen Substanz Urokinase.
    Notes: Summary In 18 cases with primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis fibrinolytic therapy was performed with urokinase in combination with heparin. The thrombolytic efficacy clearly depended on the thrombus age and the dose of urokinase applied. Under treatment with a median initial maintenance dosage of urokinase of 1,000–2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000–250,000 IU urokinase) in combination with heparin (15–17 U kg/h) in nine of 11 patients (82%) with recently developed (8 days or less) thrombosis, a nearly complete deobliteration of the venous system was observed. In the cases with thrombosis of more than 10 days no alteration of the venous occlusions could be seen. Relevant side effects did not occur. Our results emphasize urokinase therapy of acute subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis and permit general inferences concerning the efficacy and the dosage requirements of the thrombolytic substance urokinase.
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