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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for estimation of chlorinated biphenyls in surface waters: influence of sampling method on analytical results (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 2028-2035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00034a023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A programme to improve the quality of butyltin determinations in environmental matrices (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 123 (1996), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: quality ; improvement ; organotins ; environment ; interlaboratory studies ; certified reference materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major prerequisites for the certification of various analytes in different Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) is that the analytical methods used are of verified performance and, hence, that no systematic errors have been left undetected. In the case of difficult measurements, research and feasibility studies are often necessary to ensure that the methods are operating under good quality control. The EC Standards Measurements and Testing Programme (SMT, formerly BCR) usually follows a step-by-step approach which consists in series of interlaboratory studies to assess and improve the quality of measurements prior to certification by comparing different analytical techniques. A programme following such stepwise approach has started in 1987 with the aim of improving the quality of butyltin determinations in environmental matrices. The project involved ca. 20 laboratories from different Member States of the European Union. The first interlaboratory study dealt with simple solutions containing mixtures of organotin compounds and a second exercise focused on the analysis of a tributyltin-spiked sediment. These exercises were continued by two certifications on butyltins in sediment, the first of which could not be successfully concluded owing to the high spread of results observed between the results of different techniques. The second certification allowed a CRM certified for its contents of di- and tributyltin (CRM 462) to be produced. This programme on Sn speciation is now focusing on the certification of butyltin and phenyltin compounds in candidate CRMs of mussel and sediment. This paper gives an account of the step-by-step approach followed and presents the results of the two certification exercises carried out so far. The preparation of the mussel candidate CRM is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244390
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A journey through quality control (1991)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 104 (1991), S. 523-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: quality assurance ; quality control ; accreditation ; intercomparison exercises
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Euroanalysis VII conference in Vienna included a two-day session: Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry. The contributions comprised 15 lectures devoted to: intra-laboratory quality measures, inter-laboratory control, formal aspects and accreditation and implementation. The paper presents an overview of the main items developed by the contributors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245537
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accreditation and the need for certified reference materials (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 123 (1996), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: accreditation ; certified reference materials ; comparability ; traceability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The comparability of data from accredited laboratories is not always as good as customers would desire. A number of reasons for this fact are given. Clients of laboratories do not specify methodology, which may lead to the application of systematically different methods or to methodology with improper performance characteristics. Laboratories do not always validate methodology sufficiently which is, however, among others provoked by a lack of reference materials. It is argued that accreditation cannot enforce comparability on itself, but needs to be embedded in a “measurement infrastructure”. The quality systems which underly accreditation form a basic element. In addition, adequate methods, good laboratory performance studies and certified reference materials are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244389
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the analysis of organotin compounds in biological tissues using alkylation and gas chromatography (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 8 (1994), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; atomic emission ; validation ; environmental analysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several critical steps in the analytical procedure for organotin compounds in the environment are identified in this paper and solutions are suggested. In particular, an improved procedure for quenching excess Grignard reagent is described. After insight into the nature of losses was obtained, the use of internal standards made it possible to reduce further the method variability. The systematic optimization of the analytical procedure resulted in a well investigated and robust method for analysis of organotin compounds in zebra mussel samples. Organotin compounds (OTs) which enter the environment as a result of their use as biocides and their degradation products are regularly found in environmental samples. Many different analytical techniques are currently being used,1 but little is known about their accuracy and precision.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590080706
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