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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light promotes the production of shikimic acid in buckwheat (1981)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 68 (1981), S. 43-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047165
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The retinal projection to the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nucleus. An experimental study with silver-impregnation methods and axoplasmic protein tracing (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 329-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus ; Retinal projection ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retinal projection to the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) was studied in 25 adult cats. In 12 cats one or both eyes were enucleated and the terminal degeneration in the LGNv was studied with silver impregnation methods. In 12 cats one or both eyes were injected with 3H-leucine and the terminal labelling in the LGNv was studied with autoradiography. In one animal one eye was enucleated and the other injected. In this case alternate sections were silver impregnated and processed for autoradiography. The series were cut in parasagittal, transverse or horizontal planes. The results revealed by degeneration were in very good agreement with those revealed by axoplasmic protein tracing. Two fields of retinal projection were found in the LGNv. The larger, dorsal one was restricted to subnucleus d (Jordan and Holländer, 1972) and comprised an ipsilateral and a contralateral component which did not overlap each other. The smaller, ventral field of projection was contralateral and extended from subnucleus b into c, e and a. The afferent optic tract fibres to both terminal fields were of small calibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234217
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size and distribution of ganglion cells in the human retina (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ganglion cells ; Retina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three human retinae have been evaluated for size and distribution of ganglion cells from a study of whole-mount Nissl preparations. With the aid of a data processing program a number of statistical data on the distribution of cell sizes has been attained. The parafoveal region is occupied by small cells. The mean cell diameter increases up to 30° to 40° from the fovea and then decreases further into the periphery. Histograms show homogeneous cell sizes in central retina, but greater variations towards peripheral retina. As all histograms are of a unimodal shape, differentiation of cell groups is difficult. However, the majority of ganglion cells belong to the small to medium-sized cell class, while large cells, practically absent from parafoveal retina, are almost evenly distributed in peripheral retina. The significance of our results for the α-, β-, γ-cell classification is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olivary afferents from the pretectal nuclei in the cat (1981)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 161 (1981), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pretectoolivary fibres ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Retrograde transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of the projection from the pretectal region to the inferior olive in the cat was studied by means of retrograde protein tracing and experimental degeneration. Small injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into various parts of the inferior olive from a ventral approach. The number of nerve cells in the pretectal nuclei retrogradely labelled with HRP was counted and put in relation to the site of injection. Labelled cells were only found in the posterior pretectal nucleus (NPP), the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and the anterior pretectal nucleus (NPA). Most labelled cells were found in NPP and NOT in cases in which the rostral or caudal levels of the principal olive were labelled by the injection. NAP labelling occurred in one case with a very rostral injection of the inferior olive. Unilateral electrolytical destruction of the pretectal region produced terminal degeneration in the ipsilateral inferior olive. The heaviest ipsilateral degeneration was found in the upper half of the principal and dorsal accessory olives, and caudally in the ventrolateral outgrowth, the dorsal cap and nucleus β with the adjacent part of the medial accessory olive. Some functional implications of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301827
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern ERG in the monkey after section of the optic nerve (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 423-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: ERG ; Monkey ; Gratings ; Ganglion cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electroretinographic responses (ERG) to homogeneous light flashes and to alternating gratings were recorded from either eye of monkeys in which one optic nerve had been previously sectioned. Three weeks after optic nerve section the ERG response of the operated eye to alternating gratings was drastically reduced in amplitude and 5 weeks after surgery it was reduced to noise level. The uniform field ERG was unaffected. Histological examination of whole-mounted retinas of monkeys sacrified 6 and 8 weeks after optic nerve section showed a loss of ganglion cells in the operated eye. It is concluded that the integrity of ganglion cells is essential for the generation of a normal ERG response to gratings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230925
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term survival of cat retinal ganglion cells after intracranial optic nerve transection (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retinal ganglion cells ; Cat ; Optic nerve cut ; Retrograde labeling ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After intracranial transection of the optic nerve in cats the retinal stump of the nerve was injected with HRP. Surviving retinal ganglion cells can be retrogradely labeled at least up to 15.5 months of postoperative survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261356
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small population of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the retina of the other eye (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 71 (1988), S. 611-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Projection ; Development ; Rat ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We traced the retino-retinal projection with Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC), Rhodamin labelled latex microspheres (RLM), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and choleratoxin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (BHRP). The number and distribution of ganglion cells projecting to the contralateral eye were recorded. Newborn and young rats have up to about 130 ganglion cells projecting to the other retina; this confirms previous findings. We extended these findings in two ways. First, we describe a similar projection in rabbits consisting of fewer cells; second, we describe the persistence of a small component of this projection into adulthood. In addition we show with RITC and Nuclear Yellow double tracing that some of the retino-retinal ganglion cells have an axon collateral which projects to the superior colliculus. We performed control experiments in order to exclude spillover of tracer which might produce false positive labelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248754
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroretinographic responses and retrograde changes of retinal morphology after intracranial optic nerve section. A quantitative analysis in the cat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 483-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Optic nerve section ; Cat ; Pattern ERG ; Retinal morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous experiments have shown that the ERG response to alternating gratings vanishes gradually within 4 months after transection of the optic nerve, changes begin after 2–3 weeks. The response to gratings of low spatial frequencies deteriorates earlier than the response to gratings of high spatial frequencies (Maffei and Fiorentini 1981). Quantitative analysis of ganglion cell sizes in retinal wholemounts shows that ganglion cell shrinkage and ganglion cell loss begin at three weeks in the periphery of the retina, particularly in the temporal retina. The same morphological alteration subsequently becomes apparent also in the area centralis and the nasal retina, respectively. The main and early cell loss occurs among medium sized ganglion cells, supposedly the beta-cells. Among the alpha-cells only shrinkage is observed up to two months postoperatively. Light- and electron microscopic examination of cross sections through the retina show that pathological changes are restricted to the innermost layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235279
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic connections of cortical and retinal terminals in the superior colliculus of the rabbit: an electron microscopic double labelling study (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 65 (1986), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Retinotectal projection ; Corticotectal projection ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Retinal and cortical afferents to the superior colliculus of the rabbit were labelled simultaneously by injecting 3H-leucine into the right eye and HRP into the left visual cortex. It could be shown that there is some convergence of retinal and cortical input onto common postsynaptic elements in the superficial grey, but these cases were found to be rather rare indicating that most afferents from the retina and the visual cortex terminate either on different postsynaptic cells or on different parts of common postsynaptic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243837
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synapsin I expression in the rat retina during postnatal development (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Development ; In situ hybridization ; Gene expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the synapsin I gene was studied during postnatal development of the rat retina at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that synapsin I mRNA was expressed already in nerve cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal retina, while it appeared in neurons of the inner nuclear layer from postnatal day 4 onward. Maximal expression of synapsin I mRNA was observed at P12 in ganglion cells and in neurons of the inner nuclear layer followed by moderate expression in the adult. At the protein level a shift of synapsin I appearance was observed from cytoplasmic to terminal localization during retinal development by immunohistochemistry. In early stages (P4 and P8), synapsin I was seen in neurons of the ganglion cell layer and in neurons of the developing inner nuclear layer as well as in the developing inner plexiform layer. In the developing outer plexiform layer synapsin I was localized only in horizontal cells and in their processes. Its early appearance at P4 indicated the early maturation of this cell type. A shift and strong increase of labelling to the plexiform layers at P12 indicated the localization of synapsin I in synaptic terminals. The inner plexiform layer exhibited a characteristic stratified pattern. Photoreceptor cells never exhibited synapsin I mRNA or synapsin I protein throughout development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230834
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