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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen elimination in the direct polarographic determination of trace metals in natural waters (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 53 (1981), S. 2372-2374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00237a062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulometric generation of titanium(III) in aqueous ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 47 (1975), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60353a057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A programme to improve the quality of butyltin determinations in environmental matrices (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 123 (1996), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: quality ; improvement ; organotins ; environment ; interlaboratory studies ; certified reference materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major prerequisites for the certification of various analytes in different Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) is that the analytical methods used are of verified performance and, hence, that no systematic errors have been left undetected. In the case of difficult measurements, research and feasibility studies are often necessary to ensure that the methods are operating under good quality control. The EC Standards Measurements and Testing Programme (SMT, formerly BCR) usually follows a step-by-step approach which consists in series of interlaboratory studies to assess and improve the quality of measurements prior to certification by comparing different analytical techniques. A programme following such stepwise approach has started in 1987 with the aim of improving the quality of butyltin determinations in environmental matrices. The project involved ca. 20 laboratories from different Member States of the European Union. The first interlaboratory study dealt with simple solutions containing mixtures of organotin compounds and a second exercise focused on the analysis of a tributyltin-spiked sediment. These exercises were continued by two certifications on butyltins in sediment, the first of which could not be successfully concluded owing to the high spread of results observed between the results of different techniques. The second certification allowed a CRM certified for its contents of di- and tributyltin (CRM 462) to be produced. This programme on Sn speciation is now focusing on the certification of butyltin and phenyltin compounds in candidate CRMs of mussel and sediment. This paper gives an account of the step-by-step approach followed and presents the results of the two certification exercises carried out so far. The preparation of the mussel candidate CRM is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244390
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of tributyltin in sediments by hydride generation /GC/QFAAS (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 109 (1992), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: tributyltin ; sediments ; determination ; hydride generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract All steps involved in the determination of tributyltin in sediments by anhydrous acetic acid extraction, hydride generation, cold trapping, gas chromatographic separation and quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry are critically examined. Detection limits (1.8 ng Sn.g–1) and reproducibility at representative concentration levels (6–12%) are satisfying for practical purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01243213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speciation of butyltin compounds by on line HPLC-ETAAS (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 109 (1992), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: tributyltin ; determination ; sediment ; liquid chromatography ; atomic absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Speciation of butyltin compounds by liquid chromatography coupled to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry of toluene solutions containing tropolone is applied to sediment samples. Tributyltin and dibutyltin may be determined at concentrations as low as a few ng · g–1. Monobutyltin is strongly retained, tetrabutyltin is not separated from tributyltin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01243215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of butyltin compounds using pure strains of microorganisms (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 9 (1995), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: biodegradation ; debutylation ; biomethylation ; tributyltin ; dibutyltin ; monobutyltin ; tin(IV) ; microorganisms ; pure strains ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The debutylation of tributyltin chloride by several strains of fungi, yeasts and bacteria is described. Under standard conditions and with low initial concentration of substrate, significant biotic degradation of tributyltin (6-32%) was detected after five days at 28°C. Dibutyltin and monobutyltin were formed in all cases, with higher yields of the latter. Two microorganisms catalysed the transformation of monobutyltin to dimethyltin and trimethytin whereas all microorganisms were able to methylate inorganic tin(IV) to trimethyltin. Our results suggest that tributyltin biodegradation by microorganisms is generally possible, provided sufficiently low concentrations of substrate are used.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590090105
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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