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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 283-287 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Imperfections in the (010) and (001) crystals of thallium hydrogen phthalate (TAP) have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction topography. The experimental results show that two types of dislocations, spiral dislocations and ordinary dislocations, both distributed in an unexpectedly high density and running nearly normal to the (001) face, play an important role in increasing the growth rate of the (001) plane for TAP by providing self-perpetuating growth steps or growth centres, compared with crystals of KAP (potassium hydrogen phthalate) and RAP (rubidium hydrogen phthalate) of the same family, which show the lowest growth rates on the (001) surfaces. The spiral dislocations produce beautiful `white' Borrmann images and their contrast decreases with decrease in specimen thickness and Borrmann coefficient. The images lose their fine spiral details when the contrast inversion from `white' to `black' occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Imperfections in single crystals of the low-temperature form of barium boric oxide grown by the flux method were observed and studied by X-ray diffraction topography. The main structural defects are dislocations with severe pinning at both ends and impurity decoration, impurities, helical dislocations, dislocation loops, inclusions, electric domains, crystal boundaries etc. The possible origins of defects together with their contrast are discussed briefly from the structural point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Imperfections in the (100), (010) and (001) plates of an inorganic nonlinear crystal of lithium boric oxide [lithium triboron (III) tetraoxide] (LiB3O5), prepared from different blocks, have been studied by means of X-ray projection topography. The experimental results show that there are mainly grown-in dislocations with b = [100], [101], [10{\bar 1}], [001] and [011], glide dislocations in the system of (010)[101], inclusion-induced dislocations almost all with b = [101], [10{\bar 1}] and [001], distributed in a network parallel to the (010) plane, inclusions with the orthorhombic configuration and a long stripe to which there is only one gas bubble attached, and assigned to be the negative crystals. All dislocations run nearly straight and are of the pure screw type. The origins of defect formation and some other crystal properties are discussed in terms of the structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 26 (1993), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Imperfections in the (100), (010) and (001) plates of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KC8H5O4) crystals, cut from various growth zones in different blocks, have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction topography. The experimental results show that there are mainly grown-in dislocations with the Burgers vector b = [100], [110], [1{\bar 1}0] and [101], inclusion-induced dislocations with b = [100] and 〈110〉, glide dislocations in the systems of (001) [1{\bar 1}0], (010) [110] and (010)[1{\bar 1}0], a stacking fault with fault vector R = ± 1/3[20{\bar 1}] and fault plane (1{\bar 2}2), growth layers mostly parallel to 〈111〉 faces, and aqueous inclusions. The dependence of the defect formation on the open structure of the crystal is discussed on the basis of the structure. The variation of the glide-dislocation contrast with wavelength, obtained using synchrotron-radiation section topography, is also given. An inclusion-probed method has proved to be powerful for determining the nature of the strains with large areas caused by thermal action, through study of the black-white contrast variation of inclusions in different strained regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-07-18
    Description: Inflammation is widely distributed in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of muscle function with chronic muscle damage, oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative capacity. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in defending against inflammation in different tissues via activation of phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the role of Nrf2 in the inflammation of dystrophic muscle remains unknown. To determine whether Nrf2 may counteract inflammation in dystrophic muscle, we treated 4-week-old male mdx mice with the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) by gavage (2 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The experimental results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression of muscle phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Inflammation in mice was reduced by SFN treatment as indicated by decreased infiltration of immune cells and expression of the inflammatory cytokine CD45 and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice. In addition, SFN treatment also decreased the expression of NF-κB(p65) and phosphorylated IκB kinase-α as well as increased inhibitor of κB-α expression in mdx mice in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Collectively, these results show that SFN-induced Nrf2 can alleviate muscle inflammation in mdx mice by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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