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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: EOS ; GABA ; Benzodiazepines ; Food preference ; Rats ; Anxiolytic action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has previously been shown that chronic treatment with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS), which elevates brain GABA levels by around 200%, selectivity enhances novel food consumption in rats treated with chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and given a food preference test. To replicate and extend these findings, the effects of two doses of CDP with and without EOS pretreatment were compared with those of EOS or saline alone. EOS alone had no significant effects except to decrease eating rate but, in combination with 2.5 mg/kg CDP, it antagonised the increase in weight of familiar food eaten found with CDP alone and marginally increased weight eaten and duration of novel foot eating episodes. EOS magnified the effects of 5.0 mg/kg CDP to increase markedly the weight eaten and duration of episodes for novel chocolate drops. As no additive effects of EOS and CDP on rate of eating were found, the results are consistent with a facilitation of novel food consumption by an anxiolytic action of the two drugs, rather than by a rate-retarding action which might bias animals toward novel food. Finally, that EOS alone did not mimic the effects of CDP suggests that the role of GABA in the anxiolytic action of CDP may be indirect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Chronic treatment ; Rats ; Food preference ; Antineophobia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlordiazepoxide (CDP) given acutely has been found to have dose-related effects in rats given food preference tests. Low doses selectively increase consumption of familiar food, while high doses increase novel food consumption. The present study examined the effects of three doses of CDP given chronically. All doses (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) selectively increased novel food eating. There was some evidence for a selective retardation of eating rate for familiar food and an enhanced taste preference for sweet food in CDP-treated rats. However, the overall results suggest that increased consumption of novel food represents an antineophobic action of CDP, which is potentiated by chronic treatment over a low to medium dose range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words HNPCC ; Colorectal cancer ; RER status ; Lynch syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer colo-rectal héréditaire non polypoïde (HNPCC) est une pathologie autosomique dominante dans laquelle les individus atteints développent des cancers colo-rectaux et des cancers extra-coliques, le plus souvent de l'endomètre, à un âge précoce. Des progrès récents dans la génétique moléculaire ont permis d'identifier et de préciser la séquence de quatre gênes dont on pense qu'ils sont responsables, pour la plupart des cas, des HNPCC. Nous rapportons une description détaillée de cette affection et des troubles génétiques sous-jacents ainsi que des constatations pathologiques. Le traitement courant et les règles de dépistage ne sont pas encore clairement établis. Cet article discute quelques-unes des controverses à la lumière des tests prédictifs.
    Notes: Abstract Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant condition in which affected individuals develop colorectal cancer or extracolonic cancers, most commonly endometrial, at an early age. Recent advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification and sequencing of four genes thought to be responsible for the majority of cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. A description of the disease along with details of the underlying genetics and pathological features are presented. Current management and screening policies in these pedigrees are not clearly established. This article discusses some of the controversies in the light of predictive testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The environmentalist 7 (1987), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 1573-2991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Summary Studies into acid rain were first initiated in North-West England and this paper describes the establishment and operation of the Acid Rain Information Centre in Manchester. The urban monitoring surveys conducted by the Centre provide a valuable educational link with local schools. Simple testing and sampling techniques undertaken by pupils support a valuable and comprehensive, local, urban acid deposition study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: Estrogen-dependent sushi domain containing 3 regulates cytoskeleton organization and migration in breast cancer cells Oncogene 34, 323 (15 January 2015). doi:10.1038/onc.2013.553 Authors: I Moy, V Todorović, A D Dubash, J S Coon, J B Parker, M Buranapramest, C C Huang, H Zhao, K J Green & S E Bulun
    Keywords: sushi domain containing 3estrogen receptoraromatase inhibitorsbreast cancermigration
    Print ISSN: 0950-9232
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Objectives Implementation intervention effects can only be fully realised and understood if they are faithfully delivered. However the evaluation of implementation intervention fidelity is not commonly undertaken. The IMPLEMENT intervention was designed to improve the management of low back pain by general medical practitioners. It consisted of a two-session interactive workshop, including didactic presentations and small group discussions by trained facilitators. This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity of the IMPLEMENT intervention by assessing: (1) observed facilitator adherence to planned behaviour change techniques (BCTs); (2) comparison of observed and self-reported adherence to planned BCTs and (3) variation across different facilitators and different BCTs. Design The study compared planned and actual, and observed versus self-assessed delivery of BCTs during the IMPLEMENT workshops. Method Workshop sessions were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Observed adherence of facilitators to the planned intervention was assessed by analysing the workshop transcripts in terms of BCTs delivered. Self-reported adherence was measured using a checklist completed at the end of each workshop session and was compared with the ‘gold standard’ of observed adherence using sensitivity and specificity analyses. Results The overall observed adherence to planned BCTs was 79%, representing moderate-to-high intervention fidelity. There was no significant difference in adherence to BCTs between the facilitators. Sensitivity of self-reported adherence was 95% (95% CI 88 to 98) and specificity was 30% (95% CI 11 to 60). Conclusions The findings suggest that the IMPLEMENT intervention was delivered with high levels of adherence to the planned intervention protocol. Trial registration number The IMPLEMENT trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN012606000098538 ( http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=1162 ).
    Keywords: Open access, Evidence based practice, Health services research
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Objective To explore whether systematic reviewers selectively include trial effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple are available, and what impact this may have on meta-analytic effects. Design Cross-sectional study. Data sources We randomly selected systematic reviews of interventions from 2 clinical specialties published between January 2010 and 2012. The first presented meta-analysis of a continuous outcome in each review was selected (index meta-analysis), and all trial effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis (eg, from multiple scales or time points) were extracted from trial reports. Analysis We calculated a statistic (the Potential Bias Index (PBI)) to quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion. The PBI ranges from 0 to 1; values above or below 0.5 are suggestive of selective inclusion of effect estimates more or less favourable to the intervention, respectively. The impact of any potential selective inclusion was investigated by comparing the index meta-analytic standardised mean difference (SMD) to the median of a randomly constructed distribution of meta-analytic SMDs (representing the meta-analytic SMD expected when there is no selective inclusion). Results 31 reviews (250 trials) were included. The estimated PBI was 0.57 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.63), suggesting that trial effect estimates that were more favourable to the intervention were included in meta-analyses slightly more often than expected under a process consistent with random selection; however, the 95% CI included the null hypothesis of no selective inclusion. Any potential selective inclusion did not have an important impact on the meta-analytic effects. Conclusion There was no clear evidence that selective inclusion of trial effect estimates occurred in this sample of meta-analyses. Further research on selective inclusion in other clinical specialties is needed. To enable readers to assess the risk of selective inclusion bias, we recommend that systematic reviewers report the methods used to select effect estimates to include in meta-analyses.
    Keywords: Open access, Evidence based practice, Research methods
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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