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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of light intensity and daylength on the β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) content of marine green macroalgae from Antarctica (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) concentrations of 5 Antarctic green algae grown at 2, 30 and 55 μmol photons m−2 s−1 were determined during a period of one year, cultivated under fluctuating daylengths mimicking the conditions of the natural habitat at King George Island. Antarctica. The intracellular DMSP content of all species decreased simultaneously with decreasing daylengths and vice versa. Additionally, the DMSP level was affected by the light intensity: the higher the photon fluence rate the greater the algal DMSP concentration. Under conditions of darkness, there was a degradation of the DMSP pool in members of the Acrosiphoniales, while the DMSP content in members of the Ulvales did not change. The results indicate a light-dependent DMSP accumulation in algae. Therefore, they may help to explain the seasonal variability of DMSP and its cleavage product dimethylsulphide (DMS) in coastal waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01991.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of Laminariales zoospores from Helgoland (North Sea) to ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation: implications for depth distribution and seasonal reproduction (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Depth distribution of kelp species in Helgoland (North Sea) is characterized by occurrence of Laminaria digitata in the upper sublittoral, whereas L. saccharina and L. hyperborea dominate the mid and lower sublittoral region. Laminaria digitata is fertile in summer whereas both other species are fertile in autumn/winter. To determine the light sensitivity of the propagules, zoospores of L. digitata, L. saccharina and L. hyperborea were exposed in the laboratory to different exposure times of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), PAR + UVA radiation (UVAR; 320–400 nm) and PAR + UVAR + UVB radiation (UVBR; 280–320 nm). Optimum quantum yield of PSII and DNA damage were measured after exposure. Subsequently, recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and DNA damage repair, as well as germination rate were measured after 2 and 3 d cultivation in dim white light. Photosynthetic efficiency of all species was photoinhibited already at 20 µmol photons m−2 s−1 PAR, whereas UV radiation (UVR) had a significant additional effect on photoinhibition. Recovery of the PSII function was observed in all species but not in spores exposed to irradiation longer than 4 h of PAR + UVA + UVB and 8 h of PAR + UVA. The amount of UVB-induced DNA damage measured as cyclobutane–pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) increased with exposure time and highest damage was detected in the spores of lower subtidal L. hyperborea relative to the other two species. Significant removal of CPDs indicating repair of DNA damage was observed in all species after 2 d in low white light especially in the spores of upper subtidal L. digitata. Therefore, efficient DNA damage repair and recovery of PSII damage contributed to the germination success but not in spores exposed to 16 h of UVBR. UV absorption of zoospore suspension in L. digitata is based both on the absorption by the zoospores itself as well as by exudates in the medium. In contrast, the absorption of the zoospore suspension in L. saccharina and L. hyperborea is based predominantly on the absorption by the exudates in the medium. This study indicates that UVR sensitivity of zoospores is related to the seasonal zoospore production as well as the vertical distribution pattern of the large sporophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01288.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium compartmentation in Antarctic brown algae
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultramicroscopy 32 (1990), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3991
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3991(90)90087-3
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incomplete turgor adjustment in Cladophora rupestrisunder fluctuating salinity regimes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 34 (1992), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Keywords: Cladophora rupestris ; North Wales ; amino acids ; fluctuating salinity ; glycine betaine ; inorganic ions ; turgor pressure
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80079-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic characteristics and mycosporine-like amino acids under UV radiation: a competitive advantage of Mastocarpus stellatus over Chondrus crispus at the Helgoland shoreline? (2000)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 54 (2000), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Keywords: Key words Chondrus crispus ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Mastocarpus stellatus ; Mycosporine-like amino acids ; UV radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chondrus crispus and Mastocarpus stellatus both inhabit the intertidal and upper sublittoral zone of Helgoland, but with C. crispus generally taking a lower position. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), and content and composition of UV absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were conducted in the laboratory, to test whether susceptibility to UV radiation may play a role in the vertical distribution of these two species. Effective and maximal quantum yield of photochemistry as well as maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax) in C. crispus were more strongly affected by UV-B radiation than in M. stellatus. In both species, no negative effects of the respective radiation conditions were found on total activity of RubisCO. Total MAA content in M. stellatus was up to 6-fold higher than in C. crispus and the composition of MAAs in the two species was different. The results indicate that, among others, UV-B sensitivity may be a factor restricting C. crispus to the lower intertidal and upper sublittoral zone, whereas M. stellatus is better adapted to UV radiation and is therefore more competitive in the upper intertidal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101520050035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable carbon isotope composition, depth distribution and fate of macroalgae from the Antarctic Peninsula region (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Stable carbon isotope composition of macroalgae collected at King George Island (Antarctica) ranged from about -8‰ to -34‰. We hypothesize that the δ 13C values are related to the depth distribution: species inhabiting greater depth had much lower values (around-30‰) compared to species from shallower waters (around -17‰). Isotopic studies on sediment trap samples from the King George Basin (2,000 m deep) revealed that benthic macroalgae contributed strongly to the total organic carbon pool of the deeper basin waters during austral spring and summer. Fragments of brown macroalgae (Desmarestiales) were detected in microscopical analyses of semi-thin sections of sediment samples from the Bransfield Strait. Possible mechanisms regarding the erosion of benthic macroalgae and their transport to the deeper waters and to the sediment are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) accumulation in green macioalgae from polar to temperate regions: interactive effects of light versus salinity and light versus temperature (1992)
    Springer
    Polar biology 12 (1992), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of photon fluence rate on the ß-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) content of salt-stressed eulittoral green macroalgae from different geographic regions was determined. At 55 μmol photons m−2s−1 DMSP increased continuously with increasing salinities up to 68‰ in Ulothrix implexa, Ulothrix subflaccida, Enteromorpha bulbosa and Acrosiphonia arcta from Antarctica, while the Subantarctic/cold-temperate Ulva rigida and the temperate Blidingia minima showed a large rise in intracellular DMSP concentration only under gentle hypersaline treatment (51‰). At the highest salinity tested the DMSP content of the latter species declined. In contrast, the capacity to form DMSP in the dark under hypersaline conditions was very low in all species. In addition, the DMSP content of the Antarctic species was determined after one year cultivation at 0°C under photon fluence rates of 2, 30 and 55 μmol m−2s−1. All isolates increased their DMSP concentration with increasing irradiance. In contrast to previous experiments done at 10°C, these species exhibited up to 5 fold higher DMSP values at 0°C under most photon fluence rates. The data support the idea of a light-dependent DMSP biosynthesis, and also demonstrate the stimulating effect of low water temperatures on the DMSP content of Antarctic green macroalgae. Apparently, in these plants DMSP may function as a cryoprotectant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236983
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the competitive balance of macroalgae at Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetlands) (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sublittoral zonation of macroalgae and abundant animals in Potter Cove, King George Island, is described in relation to substrate, exposure to turbulence and impact of grounding icebergs. Implications on the ecological niches of the most prominent phaeophytes are discussed. It is concluded that Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii exclude Himantothallus grandifolius under favourable conditions. However, Himantothallus, by its potential to inhabit unstable substrates, may be better adapted to withstand the ice impact. The replacement of Desmarestia by Himantothallus at greater depth can be explained only partially at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240266
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonality of red and green macroalgae from Antarctica—a long-term culture study under fluctuating Antarctic daylengths (1990)
    Springer
    Polar biology 10 (1990), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seasonal development of the endemic Antarctic alga Palmaria decipiens (Palmariales, Rhodophyta) and of the Antarctic-cold temperate algae Iridaea cordata, Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta), Enteromorpha bulbosa (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) and Acrosiphonia arcta (Acrosiphoniales, Chlorophyta) was monitored during two years in a culture study under fluctuating daylengths mimicking the conditions on King George Island (Antarctica). Temperature was kept constant at 0°C and nutrient levels were maintained at 0.6 moles m−3 nitrate and 0.025 moles m−3 phosphate. In P. decipiens, blades on germlings and on thalli from the previous season are initiated under Antarctic winter conditions and show maximum growth in October. Formation of blades on old thalli of I. cordata and G. skottsbergii started between June and August, maximum growth occurred in December. Sporangia started to form in G. skottsbergii in September and March and spore release was observed 9 months later at ≥27 μmol photons m−2s−1. E. bulbosa and A. arcta grew optimally in November and December conditions. Spore or gamete release was observed in December and January in plants kept at 46 μmol m −2 s−1 and in January to March in plants kept at lower photon fluence rates, respectively. The minimum light requirements for completion of the life cycle were 31.4 mol m−2 year−1 in A. arcta, 47.1 mol m−2 year−1 in E. bulbosa and P. decipiens and 141.3 molm−2 year−1 in I. cordata and G. skottsbergii. These values suggest lower distribution limits of either 53±23 m, 49 ±22 m and 38±17 m in clear offshore waters or of 28 ±5 m, 26±5 m and 20±4 m in small inshore fjords of the Antarctic Peninsula region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239371
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthesis, dark respiration and light independent carbon fixation of endemic Antarctic macroalgae (1991)
    Springer
    Polar biology 11 (1991), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The light saturated photosynthesis, dark respiration and light independent carbon fixation of macroalgal species endemic to the Antarctic were measured. Five brown algae. Ascoseira mirabilis, Desmarestia anceps, D. antarctica, Phaeurus antarcticus, Himantothallus grandifolius and the red alga Palmaria decipiens were included. Rates of these three parameters at 0°C were very similar to those measured in other studies on temperate algae at higher temperature. This indicates a high degree of physiological adaptation to the Antarctic environment within these species. A comparison was made of polarographic and chemical means of measuring oxygen flux during photosynthesis and dark respiration at low temperature. There was a good correlation between measurements of oxygen evolution and carbon fixation, although apparent photosynthetic quotient values were in most cases high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239025
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