Description: This dataset corresponds to the pollen-based REVEALS estimates of 25 plant taxa for Europe and associated standard errors, published in Marquer et al. (2017). This is part of the results from the Swedish project LandClim I (Gaillard et al., 2010; Trondman et al., 2015; Marquer et al., 2014, 2017). The study area includes a large part of northern and Central Europe, i.e. Ireland, Great Britain and a latitudinal transect from the Alps in the south to northernmost Norway. These REVEALS estimates are based on 151 pollen records (small/large, lakes/bogs/mires) that were selected from the European Pollen Database (Fyfe et al., 2009; Giesecke et al., 2014), the Alpine Palynological Data-Base (University of Bern, Switzerland), or were provided directly by individual data contributors. The selected pollen records are grouped into 36 1° x 1° grid-cells. Twenty-five consecutive time windows over the last 11,700 years BP are used: 0-100, 100-350, 350-700 BP for the three first time windows, and 500 calendar years each from 700 to 11,700 BP. For details about the REVEALS model, see Sugita (2007). In the excel file, the folder "Metadata" contains the explanation of abbreviations in the data folders and information about the pollen records used for the REVEALS reconstructions. All REVEALS estimates and their SEs are given in proportions of the grid cell (the total of all REVEALS estimates sum up to 1). The codes of the 25 consecutive time windows are given in the folder "Code time windows". The results of the 36 grid cells are in the folder "REVEALS 36GCs" and the related standard errors in the folder "SE_REVEALS 36GCs". Note that in the folder "Metadata", the GPS coordinates correspond to the upper left (NW) corners of each grid cell.

Description: Fossil pollen assemblages provide a record of past vegetation composition, both natural (climate-induced) and anthropogenic (human-induced). Pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of plant abundance (in percentage cover) require that biases due to differences between plants in pollen productivity and dispersal characteristics are corrected. Such correction is achieved by the “Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites”(REVEALS) model given that estimates of relative pollen productivity (RPPs) and fall speed of pollen (FSP) are available for the major plants building the plant cover. For details about the REVEALS model, see Sugita (2007). REVEALS estimates of the abundance of 31 taxa, 11 plant functional types (PFTs), and 3 land-cover types (LCTs) were produced for Europe at a 1˚x1˚ spatial scale for 25 consecutive time windows from 11.7 ka calibrated years BP* to present as part of the Swedish Research Council (VR) research project “LandClimII”. This is the second generation (version June 2021) of REVEALS reconstruction for Europe; it is based on a total of 1128 pollen records from pollen databases/archives and individual authors (See LandClimII Contributors). The first generation was published in Trondman et al. (2015) and Gaillard (2019). These pollen-based REVEALS estimates of land cover are currently used to quantify the effects of the biogeophysical forcing induced by human deforestation on the regional climate of Europe at 6 ka and 2.5 ka BP (VR LandClim II project), and to evaluate and revise the scenarios of anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) HYDE (Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017) and KK10 (Kaplan et al., 2009; 2011) . The gridded pollen-based REVEALS reconstructions cover Europe (30°-75°N, 25°W-50°E) and were performed at a spatial scale of 1° × 1° (ca. 100 km × 100 km), which is the estimated spatial scale of REVEALS plant-cover estimates using all available pollen records (1128) within a grid cell and all pollen counts within each time window to ensure reliable estimates of plant cover and minimize their error estimates. The REVEALS estimates and standard errors were reconstructed for 25 time windows covering the Holocene i.e. X to 100 BP, 100 – 350 BP, 350 – 700, 700 – 1200, 1200 -1700 BP and in 500 consecutive time windows from here to 11,700 BP (BP – before present (1950)). The RPP and FSP values used in this REVEALS reconstruction are found in csv table Taxa_to_PFT, PPE and FSP values. All details of the protocol used for this REVEALS reconstruction can be found in Trondman et al. (2015). All REVEALS estimates and their SEs are given in proportions of the grid cell (the total of all REVEALS estimates sum up to 1). There are 25 files labelled TW.(number of time window).RVestimates.jun21.csv and 25 files labelled TW.(number of time window).standarderrors.jun21.csv. The RVestimates.csv files contain the REVEALS estimates for each land-cover type (LCT), plant function type (PFT) and taxa which has a unique grid ID and corresponding longitude and latitude. The standard error csv files contain the standard errors for each land-cover type (LCT), plant function type (PFT) and taxa. * BP = before present (1950). The information about the quality (previously referred to as reliability (Trondman et al. 2015)) of the REVEALS estimates in each grid cell is provided in the GC_quality_by_TW.xlsx file. There are 3 categories i.e. 1 is high quality ( 1 or more large lakes, OR 2 or more sites of any site type), 2 is low quality (only 1 small lake, OR small bog OR large bog) and no data. Extra information about each site is provided in the metadata file.

Description: Fossil pollen assemblages provide a record of past vegetation composition, both natural (climate-induced) and anthropogenic (human-induced). Pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of plant abundance (in percentage cover) require that biases due to differences between plants in pollen productivity and dispersal characteristics are corrected. Such correction is achieved by the “Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites”(REVEALS) model given that estimates of relative pollen productivity (RPPs) and fall speed of pollen (FSP) are available for the major plants building the plant cover. For details about the REVEALS model, see Sugita (2007). REVEALS estimates of the abundance of 31 taxa, 11 plant functional types (PFTs), and 3 land-cover types (LCTs) were produced for Europe at a 1˚x1˚ spatial scale for 25 consecutive time windows from 11.7 ka calibrated years BP* to present as part of the Swedish Research Council (VR) research project “LandClimII”. This is the second generation (version October 2020) of REVEALS reconstruction for Europe; it is based on a total of 1128 pollen records from pollen databases/archives and individual authors (See LandClimII Contributors). The first generation was published in Trondman et al. (2015) and Gaillard (2019). These pollen-based REVEALS estimates of land cover are currently used to quantify the effects of the biogeophysical forcing induced by human deforestation on the regional climate of Europe at 6 ka and 2.5 ka BP (VR LandClim II project), and to evaluate and revise the scenarios of anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) HYDE (Klein Goldewijk et al., 2017) and KK10 (Kaplan et al., 2009; 2011) . The gridded pollen-based REVEALS reconstructions cover Europe (30°-75°N, 25°W-50°E) and were performed at a spatial scale of 1° × 1° (ca. 100 km × 100 km), which is the estimated spatial scale of REVEALS plant-cover estimates using all available pollen records (1128) within a grid cell and all pollen counts within each time window to ensure reliable estimates of plant cover and minimize their error estimates. The REVEALS estimates and standard errors were reconstructed for 25 time windows covering the Holocene i.e. X to 100 BP, 100 – 350 BP, 350 – 700, 700 – 1200, 1200 -1700 BP and in 500 consecutive time windows from here to 11,700 BP (BP – before present (1950)). The RPP and FSP values used in this REVEALS reconstruction are found in csv table called Taxa_to_PFT, PPE and FSP values. All details of the protocol used for this REVEALS reconstruction can be found in Trondman et al. (2015). All REVEALS estimates and their SEs are given in proportions of the grid cell (the total of all REVEALS estimates sum up to 1). There are 25 files labelled TW.(number of time window).RVestimates.csv and 25 files labelled TW.(number of time window).standarderrors.csv. The RVestimates.csv files contain the REVEALS estimates for each land-cover type (LCT), plant function type (PFT) and taxa which has a unique grid ID and corresponding longitude and latitude. The standard error csv files contain the standard errors for each land-cover type (LCT), plant function type (PFT) and taxa. BP = before present (1950)