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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cornu ammonis and alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy (1984)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 6 (1984), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy ; Ammon's Horn ; Neuronal and astrocytic degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude neuropathologique de la corne d'Ammon, en particulier dans le secteur de Sommer, au cours des encéphalopathies cirrhotiques alcooliques met en évidence deux sortes de faits bien distincts. Dans les neurones pyramidaux de la couche CA1, profondément dégénérés, il existe d'indiscutables filaments groupés par paire et de forme hélicoïdale, qui correspondent aux désormais classiques ≪ paired helical filaments ≫. D'autre part, alors que la population astrocytaire dans son ensemble présente les manifestations caractéristiques de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler les cellules de type II d'Alzheimer, il subsiste un certain nombre de foyers de haute réactivité, objectivables par une méthode immunohistochimique spécifique de la GFAP.
    Notes: Summary Two distinct categories of facts are deduced from a neuropathological study of the Ammon's horn, in particular the Sommer Sector, afflicted with alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy. In the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 layer, there are unquestionably paired filaments in a helical form, which correspond to the now classic “ paired helical filaments ”. On the other hand, whereas the astrocyte population on the whole displays the characteristics of what can be called Alzheimer type II cells, a certain number of highly reactive areas persist, which can be detected by a GFAP-specific immunohistochemical method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784309
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La corne d'Ammon au cours des encéphalopathies cirrhotiques alcooliques (1984)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 6 (1984), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784319
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaccumulation and bioamplification of mercury compounds in a second level consumer,Gambusia affinis-temperature effects (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1979), S. 813-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion These results underline the importance of setting up experimental models in ecotoxicology. The use of trophic chains, in conditions that are perfectly controlled and quantified, makes it possible to determine, from a fundamental and applied point of view, the mechanisms responsible for the contamination of natural systems. Nonetheless, such models should be progressively complexified in order to approach the conditions found “in situ”. We are pursuing our research at the moment on two higher trophic levels, represented by a second level carnivore Salmo gairdneri and a terrestrial mammal at the end of the chain, Rattus norvegicus. The ecotoxicological effects on the level “trout” are being investigated through research on the tissular distribution of the contaminant and modifications caused to the liver (optic and electronic microscopies, quantitative enzyme and protein analysis) and blood (circulating proteins and enzymes). Using the rat as terminal consumer enables us to simulate the trophic position of man and to measure precisely the degree of contamination in conditions close to those found in the natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027030
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and biochemical changes in rat cerebral cortex after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine administration (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neocortex ; Development ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Newborn rats received an intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (100 μg) within 16 h after birth. Treatment effects upon noradrenaline uptake (with or without desmethylimipramine pre-incubation), endogenous noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin were biochemically assayed. Noradrenaline uptake and endogenous noradrenaline content were permanently reduced to less than 5% of control values. Reduction of endogenous dopamine content was less marked: at day 60, values were about 40% of controls. Serotonin content remained unaffected. Cell density countings in postnatal day 15 temporal cortex revealed an about 16% reduction in layers II and III of treated animals. These modifications of cortical geometry were discussed with reference to measurements of cortical thickness and ultrastructural observations on postnatal days 2, 5 and 15. Both supranormal involution and growth processes might result from the neurotoxin treatment. Whereas some of the degeneration processes might be due to general cytotoxic effects, this is less likely for the supranormal growth processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317649
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A propos d'un cas d'encéphalopathie cirrhotique alcoolique (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropathologic study of an alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy was made after the fixation of the brain by immersion in a solution specially prepared for the electronic microscopy. The histological technics were used then, the Golgi-Cox method among others, confirmed the classic notions of neuronal rarefaction and of the proliferation of the glia cells, particularly in the cerebral cortex. The Bodian method for its part showed in the remaining cortical neuronic population, the existence of voluminous intracytoplasmic aggregates and the hypertrophy of the dendritic apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692693
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio-autographic study of cell proliferation secondary to Wallerian degeneration in the postnatal rat optic nerve (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Quantitative radio-autography ; Wallerian degeneration ; Cell proliferation ; Optic nerve ; Postnatal rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the course of our study on Wallerian degeneration in the young rat optic nerve after unilateral enucleation, cell proliferation was measured by quantitative radio-autography. Ninety-two newborn rats were separated into four groups which were operated at 2, 5, 8 and 20 days postnatal (key stages) respectively. In each of these groups, the animals were sacrificed after progressive delays ranging from 3 h to 30 days (DPO). They received, 3 h before the sacrifice, an intraperitoneal injection of 2 μCi/g weight of tritiated thymidine. After the radio-autographic procedure, semi-thin sections were examined, and labeled as well as unlabeled cells were counted on the whole cross section of the operated nerve, as well as on the contralateral nerve. In the operated nerve, the four key stages may be separated into two reactive patterns, depending on whether the enucleation is performed before or after the myelination gliosis. The two first key stages (2 and 5 DPN) show leveling down of the curve of their proliferative indices, when compared with the control, whereas the two other key stages (8 and 20 DPN) showed a leveling up of the curve. The comparison of these data with those of previous work (Fulerand and Privat, 1977; Valat et al., 1978) permitted the evaluation of cell death, which is specially evident at the key stage 8 DPN. The proliferative ability of neuroglial cells thus appear no to be closely dependent upon an intrinsic genetic program, but rather to be modulated by epigenetic events. The early absence of the axonic signal induces a decrease of this proliferation, whereas the more or less belated interruption of the same signal induces a reactive gliosis, with a net increase of proliferative indices over the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690358
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Réponses thalamiques et corticales à la stimulation électrique du nerf vestibulaire chez le Chat (1970)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 10 (1970), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular nerve ; Thalamus ; Cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La stimulation électrique du nerf vestibulaire a été effectuée chez 69 chats, anesthésiés au pentobarbital ou au chloralose. Les réponses ont été enregistrées dans le thalamus et sur l'écorce cérébrale, avec contrôle permanent du seuil de la stimulation dans les noyaux vestibulaires. L'exploration du cortex cérébral en macro-électrodes révéle l'existence de deux foyers de réponses: le premier est situé à la partie rostrale du sillon suprasylvien antérieur; le deuxième, à la partie haute du gyrus sigmoïde postérieur, au niveau de la dépression postcruciée. Dans le thalamus, exploré par micro-électrodes, il existe également deux foyers de réponses: l'un se trouve dans la partie dorso-médiane du VPL, l'autre dans la partie moyenne du VL. Sur la base de ces résultats, il apparait vraisemblable que les influx issus des noyaux vestibulaires gagnent le cortex cérébral par deux voies distinctes: une voie directe vestibulo-thalamique (VPL), se terminant au niveau des deux foyers corticaux précités; une voie détournée, vestibulo-cérébello-thalamique (VL), dont la terminaison au niveau du cortex moteur demande à être confirmée. Compte tenu des données de la littérature concernant les voies de passage et la terminaison dans l'écorce des influx proprioceptifs, les éléments d'une systématisation cohérente de la régulation de la posture au niveau cortical peuvent être proposés.
    Notes: Summary Electric stimulation of the vestibular nerve was carried out on 69 cats under pentobarbital or chloralose anaesthetic. The responses were recorded in the thalamus and on the cerebral cortex with a permanent check of the stimulation threshold in the vestibular nuclei. The exploration of the cerebral cortex by means of macro-electrodes revealed the existence of two centres of responses: the first situated in the rostral section of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus, the second in the upper part of the posterior sigmoid gyrus, at the level of the postcruciate dimple. As revealed by micro-electrodes, two centres of responses also exist in the thalamus —one in the dorso-median part of the VPL, the other in the middle section of the VL. On the basis of these results it seems likely that the impulses emanating from the vestibular nuclei arrive at the cerebral cortex by two distinct paths —one direct vestibulo-thalamic path (VPL) terminating at the level of the two cortical centres already mentioned and one indirect vestibulo-cerebello-thalamic (VL). In the latter case confirmation is needed that this path terminates at the level of the motory cortex. Taking into account published data on the paths and the termination of the proprioceptive impulses in the cortex it is possible to propose the elements of a coherent systematisation of the regulation of the posture at the level of the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235050
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migrations nevrogliques dans le tractus optique chez le rat: Radio-autographie quantitative au cours du developpement postnatal (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 14 (1971), S. 38-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neuroglia ; Migrations ; Optic Tract ; Quantitative radio-autography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude radio-autographique quantitative des migrations névrogliques dans le tractus optique a été effectuée chez le Rat, après injection de thymidine tritiée, respectivement à 2 jours et demi et 6 jours après la naissance. Les paramètres suivants ont été analysés: densité de l'ensemble des cellules névrogliques; densité et pourcentage des cellules névrogliques marquées; nombre de grains par noyau, dans les trois segments du tractus; pourcentage respectif des cellules marquées dans les trois régions contiguës. Des résultats obtenus il ressort, entre autres, que la densité névroglique atteint son maximum au 9ème jour de la vie postnatale et qu'il existe d'importantes variations topographiques de cette densité et du taux des multiplications cellulaires. Ces observations permettent de discuter les conceptions actuelles sur la cinétique de la gliose de myélinisation, ainsi que divers problèmes concernant l'origine et la migration des nouvelles cellules névrogliques. Ce travail a été effectué grâce à l'aide financière du C.E.N. de Saclay, de l'I.N.S.E.R.M. et de la F.R.M.F. Les photographies ont été réalisées par P. Sibleyras. R. Georges a mis au net le manuscrit.
    Notes: Summary Following injection of tritiated thymidine at 21/2 and 6 days respectively after birth, a quantitative radio-autographic study has been made of the neuroglia migrations in the optic tract of the rat. The following parameters have been analysed: the density of the whole lot of the neuroglia cells, the density and percentage of the labelled neuroglia cells, the number of grains per nucleus in the three segments of the tract, the respective percentage of the labelled cells in the three contiguous areas. From the results we can conclude among other things that the neuroglia density reaches its maximum on the 9th day of the postnatal life and that important topographical variations of this density and of the rate of the cellular multiplications exist. These observations permit us to discuss the existing concepts of the kinetic of the myelination gliosis, as well as the various problems concerning the origin and the migration of the new neuroglia cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234909
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projections thalamiques des noyaux vestibulaires: Etude histologique chez le chat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 273-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular nuclei ; Thalamic projections ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrolytic lesions were placed into the left vestibular nuclei of 22 adult cats. Silver impregnation for degenerated terminal fibres of serial sections revealed the existence of a relay of the corticopetal vestibular pathway in the contralateral thalamus. Its main afferent fibres originate in the superior and medial vestibular nuclei. By crosschecking the results it was possible to demarcate a focus of vestibular projections in the ventro-caudal part of the thalamus, situated between the centre median, the ventro-basal group and the caudal segment of the ventro-lateral nucleus. The direct ascending afferents of this focus are relatively few in number. The functional significance of this vestibular relay with regard to the proprioceptive influx passing through this region of the thalamus is open to discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238317
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and genetic analysis of the nifUSVWZM cluster from Azotobacter vinelandii (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 219 (1989), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: nifU ; nifS ; nifV ; nifW ; nifZ ; nifM ; Azotobacter vinelandii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Azotobacter vinelandii genes contained within the major nif-cluster and designated orf6, nifU, nifS, nifV, orf7, orf8, nifW nifZ, nifM, and orf9 are organized into at least two overlapping transcriptional units. Nitrogenase derepressed crude extracts of Azotobacter vinelandii mutant strains having individual deletions located within nifU, nifS, nifV, nif, nifZ, or nifM were examined for nitrogenase component protein activities. The results of these experiments indicated that, in A. vinelandii, the nifU, nifS and nifM gene products are required for the full activation or the catalytic stability of the nitrogenase Fe protein. Deletion of the nifV gene resulted in lower MoFe protein activity, probably resulting from the accumulation of an altered FeMo-cofactor. The nifW and nifZ gene products were required for the full activation or catalytic stability of the MoFe protein. Deletion of nijZ alone or nifM alone did not appear to affect FeMo-cofactor biosynthesis. However, deletion of both niJZ and nifM eleminated either FeMo-cofactor biosynthesis or the insertion of FeMo-cofactor into the apo-MoFe protein. Other genes contained within the nifUSVWZM gene cluster (orf6, orf7, orf8, and orf9) were not required for Mo-dependent diazotrophic growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261156
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