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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids in the classification of Nocardioides: Reclassification of Arthrobacter simplex (Jensen) lochhead in the genus Nocardioides (Prauser) emend. O'Donnell et al. as Nocardioides simplex comb. nov. (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chemotaxonomy ; Lipids ; Nocardioides ; Arthrobacter simplex ; Arthrobacter tumescens ; Nocardioides simplex comb. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Representative strains of Nocardioides, Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens were degraded by acid methanolysis and the fatty acid esters released examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. Branchedchain 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-16) was the predominant component in all but one of the Nocardioides strains. Arthrobacter simplex also contained major amounts of this acid whereas A. tumescens had only minor amounts. All of the test strains possessed 15 and 17 carbon straight chain acids, tuberculostearic acid (10-methyloctadecanoic acid) and its 17 and 18-carbon homologues. The fatty acid profiles of Nocardioides strains lacked 13-methyltetradecanoic and heptadecanoic acids which were both present in Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens. The profiles of these latter organisms were quantitatively different from each other. The polar lipids of the test strains all contained diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol but only Arthrobacter tumescens contained phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified polar lipids. Nocardioides and Arthrobacter simplex strains all contained two very characteristic closely related polar lipids. All of the test strains contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units as the major isoprenologue. The results of the present study support the integrity of the genus Nocardioides and provide a reliable way of distinguishing it from other actinomycetes, such as Streptomyces, which also have LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in the peptidoglycan. The lipid data, together with results from chemical, genetic and phage host range studies, provide sufficient grounds for the transfer of Arthrobacter simplex to Nocardioides as Nocardioides simplex comb. nov. An emended description of the genus Nocarioides is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521299
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycolic acid patterns of some species of Mycobacterium (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mycolic acids ; Mycobacteria ; Thin-layer chromatographic analysis ; Acid methanolysates ; Alka-line methanolysates ; Chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Representative strains of some species of Mycobacterium were degraded by both acid and alkaline methanolysis. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the patterns of mycolic acids and other long-chain components in these methanolysates. Patterns composed of α-, methoxy- and ketomycolates were found in Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium bovix, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a representative of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile also contained lower molecular weight α′-mycolates in addition to these three acids. In representatives or Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, “Mycobacterium novum”, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium terrae, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium sp. MNC 165 α- and ketomycolates were accompanied by ω-carboxymycolates and 2-eicosanol and homologous alcohols which are derived from wax-ester mycolates. Mycobacterium fortuitum and “Mycobacterium giae” contained α′- and epoxymycolates and both serovars of Mycobacterium simiae had a very characteristic pattern of α-, α′- and ketomycolic acids. Comparison with data for other mycobacteria showed the chemotaxonomic significance of these mycolic acid patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402005
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 203-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873082
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic and phenomic differentiation of Rhodococcus equi and related strains (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 78 (2000), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry ; Rhodococcus equi ; 16S rDNA sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 16S rDNA sequence and pyrolysis mass spectrometric analyses were carried out on representatives of Rhodococcus equi and marker strains of genera that encompass mycolic acid containing actinomycetes. The R. equi strains formed a monophyletic clade within the evolutionary radiation occupied by members of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus. The 16S rDNA sequence data also showed R. equi to be an heterogeneous taxon. This heterogeneity was underscored by the pyrolysis mass spectrometric data. These observations are in line with those of previous studies where similar profiles of relatedness were found between pyrolysis mass spectral data and the results of DNA:DNA pairing and numerical phenetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010282616110
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suprageneric classification of peptidoglycan group B actinomycetes by nucleotide sequencing of 5S ribosomal RNA (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Agromyces ; Aureobacterium ; Clavibacter ; Curtobacterium ; Microbacterium ; 5S rRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 5S ribosomal RNA sequences were determined for thirteen actinomycetes mainly representatives with the rare group B type peptidoglycan. The primary and secondary structure of the resultant sequences were of the type characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria with DNA rich in guanine plus cytosine. The sequencing and associated chemotaxonomic data provide compelling grounds for classifying actinomycetes with a group B type peptidoglycan in a single family. The familyMicrobacteriaceae fam. nov. is proposed to accommodate actinomycetes classified in the generaAgromyces, Aureobacterium, Clavibacter, Curtobacterium andMicrobacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873089
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosystematics and diversity amongst novel carboxydotrophic actinomycetes (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 325-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Carboxydotrophic actinomycetes ; numerical taxonomy ; chemical characterisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-four carboxydotrophic actinomycetes isolated from soils and composts were compared through 119 unit characters with representative mesophilic and thermophilic streptomycetes. The data were examined using the Jaccard, pattern and simple matching coefficients and clustering achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages algorithm. Acceptable cophenetic correlation and test error values allowed confidence to be placed in the resultant numerical taxonomies. The carboxydotrophic actinomycetes, which were distinct from cluster-groups corresponding to the mesophilic and thermophilic streptomycetes, formed two major cluster-groups the members of which were examined for the presence of diagnostic chemical markers. All but two of the carboxydotrophic actinomycetes had a profile of chemical properties consistent with their assignment to the genusStreptomyces. Quantitative fatty acid data were examined using the SIMCA package and the two statistically significant groups obtained corresponded with the cluster-groups circumscribed in the numerical phenetic analysis. Members of the two groups were also distinguished on the basis of their phospholipid composition. The two strains that containedmeso- as opposed to LL-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan also showed a distinct chemotaxonomic profile. It was concluded that the carboxydotrophic actinomycetes form a novel and taxonomically diverse group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873091
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Nocardia salmonicida clade, including descriptions of Nocardia cummidelens sp. nov., Nocardia fluminea sp. nov. and Nocardia soli sp. nov. (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 78 (2000), S. 367-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Nocardial systematics ; polyphasic taxonomy ; the Nocardia salmonicida clade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Large numbers of strains selectively isolated from soil, water and deteriorating vulcanised natural rubber pipe rings were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia. Twenty-eight representative isolates were found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of nocardiae. These organisms formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rDNA tree together with Nocardia salmonicida. Three of the strains, isolates S1, W30 and R89, were distinguished from one another and from representatives of the validly described species of Nocardia using genotypic and phenotypic data. These organisms were considered to merit species status and were named Nocardia cummidelens sp. nov., Nocardia fluminea sp. nov. and Nocardia soli sp. nov. respectively. Additional comparative studies are needed to resolve the finer taxonomic relationships of the remaining isolates assigned to the Nocardia salmonicida clade and to further unravel the extent of nocardial diversity in artificial and natural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010230632040
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical and chemical classification ofStreptosporangium and some related actinomycetes (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 64 (1993), S. 387-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Streptosporangium ; numerical taxonomy ; chemical taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One hundred and seventeen streptosporangia from soil were compared with marker strains of the familyStreptosporangiaceae for many phenotypic properties. The data were examined using the Jaccard, pattern and simple matching coefficients with clustering achieved using average, complete and single linkage algorithms. Particular confidence was placed in the product of the pattern, average linkage analysis given the sharp definition of aggregate groups and clusters and a combination of low test error and high cophenetic correlation values. The test strains were assigned to five aggregate groups that were equated with the generaStreptosporangium (group A),Microbispora (group B),Planobispora andPlanomonospora (Group C),Kutzneria (neéStreptosporangium viridogriseum (group D), andMicrotetraspora (group E). The streptosporangia, both isolates and marker strains, were assigned to 5 major, 7 minor and 18 single membered clusters. Representative streptosporangia examined for chemical markers were characterised by the presence ofmeso-diaminopimelic acid in whole-organism hydrolysates, complex mixtures of straight- and branched chain fatty acids, di- and tetrahydrogenated menaquinones as predominant isoprenologues, and complex polar lipid patterns containing diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and uncharacterised components. The chemical and numerical data support the taxonomic integrity of the validly described species ofStreptosporangium and suggest that the genus is markedly underspeciated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873094
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhodococcal systematics: problems and developments (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Rhodococcus ; taxonomic history ; polyphasic taxonomy ; nomenclature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various approaches that have been used in the development of a system of classification for the genus Rhodococcus are discussed. The application of chemotaxonomic, molecular systematic and numerical phenetic methods have greatly contributed to improvements in the systematics of rhodococci and related mycolic- acid containing actinomycetes. The genus currently encompasses twelve validly described species but improved diagnostic methods are needed to distinguish between them. In addition, evidence from 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing suggests that the genus is still heterogeneous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001730725003
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid characterisation of deep-sea actinomycetes for biotechnology screening programmes (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: actinomycetes ; deep-sea ; dereplication ; pyrolysis mass spectrometry ; screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A continual need in natural product discovery is dereplication, that is the ability to exclude previously tested microorganisms from screening programmes. Whole-cell fingerprinting techniques offer an ideal solution to this problem because of their rapidity and reproducibility, dependence on small samples, and automation. One such technique, Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS), has been deployed for the characterisation of a unique collection of actinomycetes recovered from Pacific Ocean sediments approximately 2000 to 6500 m below sea level. This paper addresses the question: to what extent are pyrogroups, defined on the basis of PyMS fingerprinting, related to classifications derived from more conventional microbial systematics? A collection of 44 randomly chosen deep-sea rhodococci were coded and subjected to a double-blind PyMS and numerical taxonomic (NT) analysis; the latter sorted the strains into clusters (taxospecies) using large sets of equally weighted phenotypic data. At the end of the experiment the codes were disclosed and the NT classification shown to generate 6 homogeneous clusters corresponding to different deep-sea sites. The matching of these clusters with the resulting pyrogroups was very high with an overall congruence of nearly 98%. Thus, PyMS characterisation is directly ascribable to the phenotypic variation being sought for biotechnology screens. Moreover, the exquisite discriminatory power of PyMS readily revealed infraspecific diversity in these industrially important bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002627314735
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