Description: The file contains dissolved and total dissolvable trace metal concentrations (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and V), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fe(II), and iodide and iodate concentrations of surface water samples and station depth profiles. Trace metal concentrations were measured by ICP-MS after preconcentration (Rapp et al. 2017, Anal. Chim. Acta). Fe(II) and H2O2 were analyzed on-board using chemiluminescence flow injection analysis (Hopwood et al. 2017, Sci. Rep.). Iodide concentrations were analyzed by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (Luther et al. 1988, Anal. Chem.) and Iodate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically (Chapman and Liss 1977, Mar. Chem.).

Description: The file contains dissolved and total dissolvable trace metal concentrations (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and V), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fe(II), and iodide and iodate concentrations of surface water samples and station depth profiles. Trace metal concentrations were measured by ICP-MS after preconcentration (Rapp et al. 2017, Anal. Chim. Acta). Fe(II) and H2O2 were analyzed on-board using chemiluminescence flow injection analysis (Hopwood et al. 2017, Sci. Rep.). Iodide concentrations were analyzed by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (Luther et al. 1988, Anal. Chem.) and Iodate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically (Chapman and Liss 1977, Mar. Chem.).

Description: The file contains dissolved and total dissolvable trace metal concentrations (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and V), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fe(II), and iodide and iodate concentrations of surface water samples and station depth profiles. Trace metal concentrations were measured by ICP-MS after preconcentration (Rapp et al. 2017, Anal. Chim. Acta). Fe(II) and H2O2 were analyzed on-board using chemiluminescence flow injection analysis (Hopwood et al. 2017, Sci. Rep.). Iodide concentrations were analyzed by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (Luther et al. 1988, Anal. Chem.) and Iodate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically (Chapman and Liss 1977, Mar. Chem.).

Description: The file contains dissolved and total dissolvable trace metal concentrations (Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and V), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fe(II), and iodide and iodate concentrations of surface water samples and station depth profiles. Trace metal concentrations were measured by ICP-MS after preconcentration (Rapp et al. 2017, Anal. Chim. Acta). Fe(II) and H2O2 were analyzed on-board using chemiluminescence flow injection analysis (Hopwood et al. 2017, Sci. Rep.). Iodide concentrations were analyzed by cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry (Luther et al. 1988, Anal. Chem.) and Iodate concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically (Chapman and Liss 1977, Mar. Chem.).

Description: N2O production rates from ammonium, nitrite and nitrate and nitrate reduction rates and ammonium oxidation rates from the top 400 m water depth off the coast of Peru sampled from R/V Meteor during M138 in June 2017.

Description: Nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production exerts a fundamental control on marine food webs and the flux of carbon into the deep ocean1. The extensive boundaries of the oligotrophic sub-tropical gyres collectively define the most extreme transition in ocean productivity, but little is known about nutrient limitation in these zones1,2,3,4. Here we present the results of full-factorial nutrient amendment experiments conducted at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic gyre. We find extensive regions in which the addition of nitrogen or iron individually resulted in no significant phytoplankton growth over 48 hours. However, the addition of both nitrogen and iron increased concentrations of chlorophyll a by up to approximately 40-fold, led to diatom proliferation, and reduced community diversity. Once nitrogen–iron co-limitation had been alleviated, the addition of cobalt or cobalt-containing vitamin B12 could further enhance chlorophyll a yields by up to threefold. Our results suggest that nitrogen–iron co-limitation is pervasive in the ocean, with other micronutrients also approaching co-deficiency. Such multi-nutrient limitations potentially increase phytoplankton community diversity.

Description: During RV Sonne cruise SO289 from Valparaiso, Chile to Nouméa, New Caledonia (GEOTRACES GP21 transect) during February – April 2022 two SeaBird SBE911Plus CTD were deployed at 44 different stations. One CTD was mounted on a stainless-steel rosette and was connected to the following sensors: Pressure (Digiquartz with TC), two temperature sensors (ITS90 °C), two conductivity sensors, oxygen (SBE43), PAR (Biospherical Licor Chelsea sensor), fluorometer (Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL), turbidity (Wet Labs ECO-NTU) and an altimeter. The second CTD was mounted on a titanium rosette used for trace metal clean collection of water samples, and was connected to the following sensors: Pressure (Digiquartz with TC), two temperature sensors (ITS90 °C), two conductivity sensors, two oxygen sensors (SBE43), transmissometer (Wet Labs C-Star), turbidity (OBS Seapoint) and an altimeter. The oxygen and salinity data were calibrated against discrete water samples.

Description: During RV Sonne cruise SO289 from Valparaiso, Chile to Nouméa, New Caledonia (GEOTRACES GP21 transect) during February – April 2022 two SeaBird SBE911Plus CTD were deployed at 44 different stations. One CTD was mounted on a stainless-steel rosette and was connected to the following sensors: Pressure (Digiquartz with TC), two temperature sensors (ITS90 °C), two conductivity sensors, oxygen (SBE43), PAR (Biospherical Licor Chelsea sensor), fluorometer (Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL), turbidity (Wet Labs ECO-NTU) and an altimeter. The second CTD was mounted on a titanium rosette used for trace metal clean collection of water samples, and was connected to the following sensors: Pressure (Digiquartz with TC), two temperature sensors (ITS90 °C), two conductivity sensors, two oxygen sensors (SBE43), transmissometer (Wet Labs C-Star), turbidity (OBS Seapoint) and an altimeter. The oxygen and salinity data were calibrated against discrete water samples.

Description: This data is part of the BMBF projects CUSCO (Coastal Upwelling Systems in a Changing Ocean) and BioTip subproject Humboldt Tipping. The file contains total dissolvable trace metal concentrations (Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Co) from various depths of sampled stations. Trace metal concentrations were determined via Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Element XR, ThermoFisher Scientific) after pre-concentration as per Rapp et al. (2017).

Description: The intraseasonal evolution of physical and biogeochemical properties during a coastal trapped wave event off central Peru is analysed using data from an extensive shipboard observational programme conducted between April and June 2017, and remote sensing data. The poleward velocities in the Peru Chile Undercurrent were highly variable and strongly intensified to above 0.5 m s-1 between mid and end of May. This intensification was likely caused by a first baroclinic mode downwelling coastal trapped wave, excited by a westerly wind anomaly at the equator and originating at about 95° W. Local winds along the South American coast did not impact the wave. Although there is general agreement between the observed cross-shore-depth velocity structure of the coastal trapped wave and the velocity structure of first vertical mode solution of a linear wave model, there are differences in the details of the two flow distributions. The enhanced poleward flow increased water mass advection from the equatorial current system to the study site. The resulting shorter alongshore transit times between the equator and the coast off central Peru led to a strong increase in nitrate concentrations, less anoxic water, likely less fixed nitrogen loss to N2, and a decrease of the nitrogen deficit compared to the situation before the poleward flow intensification. This study highlights the role of changes in the alongshore advection due to coastal trapped waves for the nutrient budget and the cumulative strength of N-cycling in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Enhanced availability of nitrate may impact a range of pelagic and benthic elemental cycles, as it represents a major electron acceptor for organic carbon degradation during denitrification and is involved in sulfide oxidation in sediments.