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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Medical knowledge of ChatGPT in public health, infectious diseases, COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines: multiple choice questions examination based performance
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2024
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 12 ( 2024-4-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2024-4-17)
    Abstract: At the beginning of the year 2023, the Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) gained remarkable attention from the public. There is a great discussion about ChatGPT and its knowledge in medical sciences, however, literature is lacking to evaluate the ChatGPT knowledge level in public health. Therefore, this study investigates the knowledge of ChatGPT in public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its vaccines. Methods Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) bank was established. The question’s contents were reviewed and confirmed that the questions were appropriate to the contents. The MCQs were based on the case scenario, with four sub-stems, with a single correct answer. From the MCQs bank, 60 MCQs we selected, 30 MCQs were from public health, and infectious diseases topics, 17 MCQs were from the COVID-19 pandemic, and 13 MCQs were on COVID-19 vaccines. Each MCQ was manually entered, and tasks were given to determine the knowledge level of ChatGPT on MCQs. Results Out of a total of 60 MCQs in public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines, ChatGPT attempted all the MCQs and obtained 17/30 (56.66%) marks in public health, infectious diseases, 15/17 (88.23%) in COVID-19, and 12/13 (92.30%) marks in COVID-19 vaccines MCQs, with an overall score of 44/60 (73.33%). The observed results of the correct answers in each section were significantly higher ( p = 0.001). The ChatGPT obtained satisfactory grades in all three domains of public health, infectious diseases, and COVID-19 pandemic-allied examination. Conclusion ChatGPT has satisfactory knowledge of public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its vaccines. In future, ChatGPT may assist medical educators, academicians, and healthcare professionals in providing a better understanding of public health, infectious diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360597
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 2
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    ChatGPT Knowledge Evaluation in Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences: Multiple Choice Question Examination-Based Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2023-07-17), p. 2046-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2023-07-17), p. 2046-
    Abstract: The Chatbot Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has garnered great attention from the public, academicians and science communities. It responds with appropriate and articulate answers and explanations across various disciplines. For the use of ChatGPT in education, research and healthcare, different perspectives exist with some level of ambiguity around its acceptability and ideal uses. However, the literature is acutely lacking in establishing a link to assess the intellectual levels of ChatGPT in the medical sciences. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge level of ChatGPT in medical education both in basic and clinical medical sciences, multiple-choice question (MCQs) examination-based performance and its impact on the medical examination system. In this study, initially, a subject-wise question bank was established with a pool of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from various medical textbooks and university examination pools. The research team members carefully reviewed the MCQ contents and ensured that the MCQs were relevant to the subject’s contents. Each question was scenario-based with four sub-stems and had a single correct answer. In this study, 100 MCQs in various disciplines, including basic medical sciences (50 MCQs) and clinical medical sciences (50 MCQs), were randomly selected from the MCQ bank. The MCQs were manually entered one by one, and a fresh ChatGPT session was started for each entry to avoid memory retention bias. The task was given to ChatGPT to assess the response and knowledge level of ChatGPT. The first response obtained was taken as the final response. Based on a pre-determined answer key, scoring was made on a scale of 0 to 1, with zero representing incorrect and one representing the correct answer. The results revealed that out of 100 MCQs in various disciplines of basic and clinical medical sciences, ChatGPT attempted all the MCQs and obtained 37/50 (74%) marks in basic medical sciences and 35/50 (70%) marks in clinical medical sciences, with an overall score of 72/100 (72%) in both basic and clinical medical sciences. It is concluded that ChatGPT obtained a satisfactory score in both basic and clinical medical sciences subjects and demonstrated a degree of understanding and explanation. This study’s findings suggest that ChatGPT may be able to assist medical students and faculty in medical education settings since it has potential as an innovation in the framework of medical sciences and education.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 3
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    Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with breast cancer
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2017-11), p. 1609-1613
    Details
    In: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Elsevier BV, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2017-11), p. 1609-1613
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1319-562X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.058
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515206-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Impact of green space environment on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in European countries
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Journal of King Saud University - Science Vol. 34, No. 7 ( 2022-10), p. 102269-
    Details
    In: Journal of King Saud University - Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 34, No. 7 ( 2022-10), p. 102269-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1018-3647
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102269
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2514731-6
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
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    The Scientific Knowledge of Bard and ChatGPT in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Diabetes Technology: Multiple-Choice Questions Examination-Based Performance
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
    Details
    In: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the knowledge level of Bard and ChatGPT in the areas of endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology through a multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination format. Methods: Initially, a 100-MCQ bank was established based on MCQs in endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology. The MCQs were created from physiology, medical textbooks, and academic examination pools in the areas of endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology and academic examination pools. The study team members analyzed the MCQ contents to ensure that they were related to the endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology. The number of MCQs from endocrinology was 50, and that from diabetes and science technology was also 50. The knowledge level of Google’s Bard and ChatGPT was assessed with an MCQ-based examination. Results: In the endocrinology examination section, ChatGPT obtained 29 marks (correct responses) of 50 (58%), and Bard obtained a similar score of 29 of 50 (58%). However, in the diabetes technology examination section, ChatGPT obtained 23 marks of 50 (46%), and Bard obtained 20 marks of 50 (40%). Overall, in the entire three-part examination, ChatGPT obtained 52 marks of 100 (52%), and Bard obtained 49 marks of 100 (49%). ChatGPT obtained slightly more marks than Bard. However, both ChatGPT and Bard did not achieve satisfactory scores in endocrinology or diabetes/technology of at least 60%. Conclusions: The overall MCQ-based performance of ChatGPT was slightly better than that of Google’s Bard. However, both ChatGPT and Bard did not achieve appropriate scores in endocrinology and diabetes/diabetes technology. The study indicates that Bard and ChatGPT have the potential to facilitate medical students and faculty in academic medical education settings, but both artificial intelligence tools need more updated information in the fields of endocrinology, diabetes, and diabetes technology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-2968 , 1932-2968
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/19322968231203987
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2467312-2
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  • 6
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    Environmental Pollutants PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) Association with the Incidence of Monkeypox Cases in European Countries
    Hindawi Limited ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Tropical Medicine Vol. 2023 ( 2023-1-13), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: Journal of Tropical Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2023 ( 2023-1-13), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Background. Monkeypox, also known as monkeypox disease, is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a zoonotic infection. The swift spread of human monkeypox cases has caused an alarming situation worldwide. This novel study aimed to investigate the association of particulate matter air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) on the incidence of monkeypox cases from May 1, 2022, to July 15, 2022. Methods. The data on air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 and monkeypox cases were recorded from the date of occurrence of the first case of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Portugal from May 1, 2022, to July 15, 2022. The daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 were recorded from the metrological website “Air Quality Index-AQI,” and daily human monkeypox cases were recorded from the official website of “Our World in Data.” The mean values along with simple, multiple, and Spearman Rho correlations were performed to investigate the relationship and strength of association between the concentrations of air pollutants and cases of monkeypox. Results. The environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 were positively associated with monkeypox cases in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Portugal. The analysis further revealed that for each 10-unit increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, levels, the number of monkeypox cases was significantly augmented by 29.6%, 9.7%, 13%, and 80.6%, respectively. Conclusions. Environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 have been positively linked to the number of daily monkeypox cases in European countries. Environmental pollution is a risk factor for the increasing incidence of monkeypox daily cases. The regional and international authorities must implement policies to curtail air pollution to combat the cases of monkeypox in European countries and worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9694 , 1687-9686
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2023/9075358
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2546526-0
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  • 7
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    Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Cricket Players: Multi-Cricket Clubs Cross Sectional Study
    Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2021-05-06)
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2021-05-06)
    Abstract: Background & Objectives: Sports activities are highly beneficial for improving the human health and reducing the risk of diseases. This cross sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and Type-2 diabetes mellitus in cricket players compared to population based non-elite athlete control subjects. Methods: The present matched cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period October 2019 to February 2020. Initially, 700 volunteer males, (300) cricket players and (400) population based non-elite athlete control subjects were interviewed. After socio-demographic and medical history, (200) nonsmoker cricket players and (300) nonsmoker control subjects were recruited. The age of cricket players was 34 (32-37) years, weight 81 (76-84) kg, height 1.79 (1.74-1.84) meters, and body mass index (BMI) was 25.09 (23.66-26.76) kg/m2. The cricket players have been playing cricket for 4 (3-4) hours per day; 3.50 (3-4) days per week; for the total period of 24 (12-36) months. American Diabetes Association (ADA) based criteria on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to investigate the prediabetes and Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Results: In cricket players, the prevalence of prediabetes was 23 (11.5%) and Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 7 (3.5%) compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects the prediabetes was 73 (24.34%) and T2DM was 63 (21.1%) (p=0.001). Among cricket players, there was a 6-folds decrease in T2DM compared to control subjects. Conclusions: The cricket sports activities decrease the prevalence of prediabetes and Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the cricket players compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects. The study findings demonstrate the urgent need for promoting sports activities, more cricket grounds as a physiological preventive strategy against the global growing diabetes epidemic. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4128 How to cite this:Meo SA, Abukhalaf AA, Alomar AA, Sami W, Meo AS. Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Cricket Players: Multi- Cricket Clubs Cross Sectional Study. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):959-965. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4128 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1681-715X , 1682-024X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.4.4128
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2128955-4
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  • 8
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    Adverse Effects of Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccine among Vaccinated Medical Students and Health Care Workers
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 105-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-01), p. 105-
    Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease caused a highly problematic situation worldwide. Various vaccines were launched to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of first and second doses of the Sinopharm vaccine among vaccinated medical and dental students and healthcare workers. A well-established questionnaire was distributed online, and 414 medical and dental students and healthcare workers (HCW) comprising 355 females (85.7%) and 59 males (14.3%) participated; all were vaccinated with two doses of Sinopharm. The most common side effect was pain at the injection site after dose one in 253 respondents (61.3%) and after dose two in 161 respondents (38.9%). Other symptoms included general lethargy in 168 (40.6%), myalgia/body pain in 99 (23.9%), low-grade fever in 93 (22.4%), and headache in 87 (21%) respondents. Common side effects reported after the second dose of the vaccine following pain at the injection site included general lethargy in 21.3% (88), headache in 10.4% (43), myalgia/body pain in 9.9% (41), and low-grade fever in 6.1% (25) of the respondents. In conclusion, common adverse effects of the Sinopharm vaccine were pain at the injection site, general lethargy, myalgia, body pain, low-grade fever, and headache. These adverse effects were mild in intensity for both doses but slightly more frequent and severe for the first dose than the second dose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 9
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    Comparison of Biological, Pharmacological Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Inactivated Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccines Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin: An Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-11), p. 826-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-11), p. 826-
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral zoonotic illness that has developed a distinctive and threatening situation globally. Worldwide, many vaccines were introduced to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to compare the bio-pharmacological characteristics, indications, contraindications, efficacy, and adverse effects of inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin. Initially, 262 documents and 6 international organizations were selected. Finally, 41 articles, fact sheets, and international organizations were included. The data were recorded from the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) USA, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. The results demonstrated that these three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, received emergency approval from the FDA/WHO, and all three of these vaccines are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sinopharm vaccine has been recommended during pregnancy and for people of all age groups, and the CoronaVac and Covaxin vaccines are recommended for people over 18 years of age and older. These three vaccines have recommended intramuscular doses of 0.5 mL each, with a 3–4 week interval. These three vaccines can be stored in a refrigerator at +2 to +8 °C. The common adverse effects of these vaccines are pain at the injection site, redness, fatigue, headache, myalgias, general lethargy, body ache, arthralgia, nausea, chills, fever, and dizziness. The overall mean efficiency for the prevention of the COVID-19 disease is 73.78% for Sinopharm, 70.96% for CoronaVac, and 61.80% for Covaxin. In conclusion, all three inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccines, Sinopharm, CoronaVac, and Covaxin, are beneficial for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence suggests that the overall impact of Sinopharm is slightly better than that of CoronaVac and Covaxin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040826
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 10
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    Sandstorm and its effect on particulate matter PM 2.5, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone pollutants and SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 795 ( 2021-11), p. 148764-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 795 ( 2021-11), p. 148764-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148764
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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