In:
Energy & Environmental Science, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2023), p. 2684-2695
Abstract:
The unstable electrode/electrolyte interface with inhomogeneous Zn deposition and side reactions plagues the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Herein, l -carnitine ( l -CN) is proposed to stabilize both electrodes and extend the lifespan as an efficient additive. Simultaneous quaternary ammonium cations, COO − anions and hydroxyl groups in a trace amount of added l -CN have a huge synergy in manipulating the behaviors of Zn 2+ electrochemical deposition/insertion and water molecule activity. Specifically, to accommodate the negative charge on electrodes driven by the electric field, the cationic portion in l -CN automatically orients toward the corresponding electrode surfaces (anode for charging and cathode for discharging), occupying active water sites and realizing reversible adsorption interfaces. The carboxyl anion provides a prominent interaction with Zn 2+ , regulating the Zn 2+ flux to ensure uniform and fast charge transfer kinetics. Hydroxyl groups effectively capture free-water and coordinated-water through hydrogen bond fixation, thus suppressing side reactions and the cathode dissolution. Noticeably, a trace amount of l -CN additive actualizes ultralong life in the symmetric cell with an 87-fold improvement in cycle life (over 6000 h, 1 mA cm −2 /1 mA h cm −2 ) for dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping and enables the Zn//V 2 O 5 full cell to achieve 3500 cycles with a high capacity retention.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1754-5692
,
1754-5706
Language:
English
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2439879-2
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