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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Studying spatial and trophic interactions between capelin and cod using individual-based modelling
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2004
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2004-01-01), p. 1201-1213
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2004-01-01), p. 1201-1213
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to use spatially explicit individual-based models for simulating the movement, foraging, growth, and mortality of cod and capelin in the Barents Sea in order to identify general features in their migration patterns and the consumption of capelin by cod. The individual-based models are initiated from survey data run over 1 year and validated against survey information. Directed movement is based on a combination of movement vectors and temperature boundaries, and bioenergetics models are used to calculate growth. Capelin consumption by cod is calculated from local encounters between the species. For capelin, the best movement model can be summarized as: stay southwest of the 2.5°C and 4°C temperature front at 50-m depth for juvenile and mature individuals, respectively, in winter, and migrate northwards during summer, but do not pass the −1.5°C temperature front. The best cod model was to migrate south-southwest during winter and north-northeast during summer, within the temperature range 1°C to 8°C. The annual consumption estimates found here reflected the interannual and seasonal pattern from previous studies based on stomach samples, but were generally lower. Consumption estimates varied depending on the movement models, and the best movement model also produced the consumption estimate closest to that obtained in other studies. Introducing a simple rule stating that cod should move in a randomly selected direction when the local capelin density is zero increased the consumption estimate by 30%. This suggests that more emphasis needs to be put on exploring how behavioural rules in predators and prey affect their interactions. Even though there are some discrepancies between predictions and observations, the results achieved by the model with regard to spatial distribution, growth, and consumption are promising.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 2
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    Major pathways by which climate may force marine fish populations
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Marine Systems Vol. 79, No. 3-4 ( 2010-2), p. 343-360
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier BV, Vol. 79, No. 3-4 ( 2010-2), p. 343-360
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0924-7963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483106-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1041191-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
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    Effects of interactions between fish populations on ecosystem dynamics in the Norwegian Sea – results of the INFERNO project
    Informa UK Limited ; 2012
    In:  Marine Biology Research Vol. 8, No. 5-6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 415-419
    Details
    In: Marine Biology Research, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 8, No. 5-6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 415-419
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1745-1000 , 1745-1019
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2011.653372
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2171297-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2168764-X
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  • 4
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    Forecasting recruitment and stock biomass of Northeast Arctic cod using neural networks
    Editorial CSIC ; 2003
    In:  Scientia Marina Vol. 67, No. S1 ( 2003-04-30), p. 325-335
    Details
    In: Scientia Marina, Editorial CSIC, Vol. 67, No. S1 ( 2003-04-30), p. 325-335
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1886-8134 , 0214-8358
    Uniform Title: Forecasting recruitment and stock biomass of Northeast Arctic cod using neural networks
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3989/scimar.2003.67s1
    DOI: 10.3989/scimar.2003.67s1325
    Language: English , English
    Publisher: Editorial CSIC
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2173503-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1030881-7
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  • 5
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    Ecosystem processes are rarely included in tactical fisheries management
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Fish and Fisheries Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2016-03), p. 165-175
    Details
    In: Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2016-03), p. 165-175
    Abstract: Fish stock productivity, and thereby sensitivity to harvesting, depends on physical (e.g. ocean climate) and biological (e.g. prey availability, competition and predation) processes in the ecosystem. The combined impacts of such ecosystem processes and fisheries have lead to stock collapses across the world. While traditional fisheries management focuses on harvest rates and stock biomass, incorporating the impacts of such ecosystem processes are one of the main pillars of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management ( EAFM ). Although EAFM has been formally adopted widely since the 1990s, little is currently known to what extent ecosystem drivers of fish stock productivity are actually implemented in fisheries management. Based on worldwide review of more than 1200 marine fish stocks, we found that such ecosystem drivers were implemented in the tactical management of only 24 stocks. Most of these cases were in the North Atlantic and north‐east Pacific, where the scientific support is strong. However, the diversity of ecosystem drivers implemented, and in the approaches taken, suggests that implementation is largely a bottom‐up process driven by a few dedicated experts. Our results demonstrate that tactical fisheries management is still predominantly single‐species oriented taking little account of ecosystem processes, implicitly ignoring that fish stock production is dependent on the physical and biological conditions of the ecosystem. Thus, while the ecosystem approach is highlighted in policy, key aspects of it tend yet not to be implemented in actual fisheries management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-2960 , 1467-2979
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/faf.2016.17.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/faf.12111
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
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    Latitudinally distinct stocks of Atlantic cod face fundamentally different biophysical challenges under on‐going climate change
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Fish and Fisheries Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 297-320
    Details
    In: Fish and Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 297-320
    Abstract: The reproductive success of marine ectotherms is especially vulnerable in warming oceans due to alterations in adult physiology, as well as embryonic and larval survival prospects. These vital responses may, however, differ considerably across the species' geographical distribution. Here we investigated the life history, focusing on reproductive ecology, of three spatially distant populations (stocks) of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua , Gadidae) (50–80° N), in the Irish/Celtic Seas‐English Channel Complex, North and Barents Seas, under past and projected climate. First, experimental tracking of spawning behaviour evidenced that the ovulation cycle is highly distressed at ≥9.6 (±0.25)°C ( T up ). This knife‐edge threshold resulted in erratic spawning frequencies, whereas vitellogenin sequestration remained unaffected, indicating endocrine rather than aerobic scope constraints. Cod in the Celtic Sea‐English Channel are, therefore, expected to show critical stock depensation over the next decades as spawning grounds warm above T up , with Irish Sea cod subsequently at risk. Second, in the relatively cooler North Sea, the northward retraction of Calanus finmarchicus (Calanidae) and Para‐Pseudocalanus spp. (Clausocalanidae) (1958–2017) limit cod larvae feeding opportunities, particularly in the southernmost subarea. However, the contrasting increase in Calanus helgolandicus (Calanidae) does not counteract this negative effect, likely because cod larvae hatch ahead of its abundance peaks. Overfishing again comes as a twin effect. Third, in the still relatively cold Barents Sea, the sustainably harvested cod benefit from improved food conditions in the recent ice‐free polar region but at the energetic cost of lengthier and faster spawning migrations. Consequently, under climate change local stocks are stressed by different mechanistic factors of varying management severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1467-2960 , 1467-2979
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/faf.v24.2
    DOI: 10.1111/faf.12728
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Horizontal distribution and overlap of planktivorous fish stocks in the Norwegian Sea during summers 1995–2006
    Informa UK Limited ; 2012
    In:  Marine Biology Research Vol. 8, No. 5-6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 420-441
    Details
    In: Marine Biology Research, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 8, No. 5-6 ( 2012-06-01), p. 420-441
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1745-1000 , 1745-1019
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2011.640937
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2171297-9
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  • 8
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    The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1989-1997
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 67, No. 9 ( 2010-12-01), p. 1989-1997
    Abstract: Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq114
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 9
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    Variability in retention of Calanus finmarchicus in the Nordic Seas
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2005
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2005-01-01), p. 1301-1309
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 62, No. 7 ( 2005-01-01), p. 1301-1309
    Abstract: Using a regional ocean circulation model and particle tracking, we have studied the probability of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus being retained within the Nordic Seas' population as a function of its initial location, its vertical migration pattern, and the interannual variability in physical forcing. Defining a retention index in terms of the number of particles remaining within the Nordic Seas divided by the initial number of particles released, we found that spatial location had the greatest effect on the retention index during the study period, 1988–1991. Variability as a result of differences in physical forcing among years and among different seasonal vertical migration patterns had smaller but similar effects. The seasonal vertical migration behaviours with the highest advective loss rates and the most sensitive to interannual physical forcing were those that ascended early and descended late from a shallow summer depth. Average retention within the Nordic Seas was 0.40 after one year in simulations with diffusion and advection, and 0.42 in simulations with advection only. The average retention at the end of the four-year sequence was 0.10 and 0.12 with and without diffusion, respectively. Particles located in the western areas of the Nordic Seas had the highest retention, while those along the Norwegian coast showed little or no retention after four years. Initial location has a larger influence on retention than interannual variability in advective fields. C. finmarchicus offspring tend to reside in areas different from their parents, with different probabilities of retention. This spatial variability in retention rate is also experienced as inter-generational variability by members of the population. Model results suggest that almost all of the C. finmarchicus that are advected into the Barents Sea originate from off the Norwegian coast. Thus, predicting C. finmarchicus inflow into the Barents Sea requires knowledge of their abundance on the Norwegian Shelf.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
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  • 10
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    Evaluating acoustic-trawl survey strategies using an end-to-end ecosystem model
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 77, No. 7-8 ( 2020-12-01), p. 2590-2599
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 77, No. 7-8 ( 2020-12-01), p. 2590-2599
    Abstract: Fisheries independent surveys support science and fisheries assessments but are costly. Evaluating the efficacy of a survey before initiating it could save costs. We used the NORWECOM.E2E model to simulate Northeast Atlantic mackerel and Norwegian spring spawning herring distributions in the Norwegian Sea, and we ran vessel transects in silico to simulate acoustic-trawl surveys. The simulated data were processed using standard survey estimation software and compared to the stock abundances in the ecosystem model. Three existing real surveys were manipulated to demonstrate how the simulation framework can be used to investigate effects of changes in survey timing, direction, and coverage on survey estimates. The method picked up general sources of biases and variance, i.e. that surveys conducted during fish migrations are more vulnerable in terms of bias to timing and changes in survey direction than during more stationary situations and that increased effort reduced the sampling variance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa120
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
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