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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    User-Level Membership Inference for Federated Learning in Wireless Network Environment
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Vol. 2021 ( 2021-10-19), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-10-19), p. 1-17
    Abstract: With the rise of privacy concerns in traditional centralized machine learning services, federated learning, which incorporates multiple participants to train a global model across their localized training data, has lately received significant attention in both industry and academia. Bringing federated learning into a wireless network scenario is a great move. The combination of them inspires tremendous power and spawns a number of promising applications. Recent researches reveal the inherent vulnerabilities of the various learning modes for the membership inference attacks that the adversary could infer whether a given data record belongs to the model’s training set. Although the state-of-the-art techniques could successfully deduce the membership information from the centralized machine learning models, it is still challenging to infer the member data at a more confined level, the user level. It is exciting that the common wireless monitor technique in the wireless network environment just provides a good ground for fine-grained membership inference. In this paper, we novelly propose and define a concept of user-level inference attack in federated learning. Specifically, we first give a comprehensive analysis of active and targeted membership inference attacks in the context of federated learning. Then, by considering a more complicated scenario that the adversary can only passively observe the updating models from different iterations, we incorporate the generative adversarial networks into our method, which can enrich the training set for the final membership inference model. In the end, we comprehensively research and implement inferences launched by adversaries of different roles, which makes the attack scenario complete and realistic. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed attacking approach in the case of single label and multilabel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-8677 , 1530-8669
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534270
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2045240-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image1.jpeg
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Pharmacology Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-25)
    Abstract: Introduction: Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius) (Sanghuang) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine fungus, and its natural products have great potential for clinical application in immune enhancement. This study aimed to explore the immune-enhancing activity and underlying mechanisms of the polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from Phellinus igniarius ( P. igniarius ) and to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of novel drugs. Methods: Wild P. igniarius YASH1 from the Loess Plateau in Yan’an region was collected, and polysaccharides and total flavonoids were extracted, isolated and identified from mycelium and sporophore. In vitro antioxidant activity was detected through the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals and total antioxidant capacity. Cell Counting Kit-8 and trypan blue detection kit were used to detect the effect of extract polysaccharides and flavonoids on the proliferation and phagocytosis ability of immune cells. To assess the effect of the drugs on cytokine secretion by immune cells and immune recovery in immunocompromised mice, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined at the cellular and animal levels. The species composition, abundance of gut microbiota and the altered content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces were analyzed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of drugs by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplifiers sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Both polysaccharides and flavonoids derived from mycelium or sporophore had antioxidant activity and may stimulate the expression and secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in immune cells while inhibiting TNF-α expression and secretion and increasing IL-2, IL-6, and IFN- γ expression levels in mice. Furthermore, polysaccharides and flavonoids from mycelium and sporophore showed different effects on the metabolic response of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice, and the use of these drugs remarkably changed the species composition and abundance of intestinal flora in mice. Discussion: Polysaccharides and flavonoids from P. igniarius YASH1 mycelium and sporophore have in vitro antioxidant activity, and they affect the promotion of cell proliferation, stimulation of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ secretion, and inhibition of TNF-α expression in immune cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids from P. igniarius YASH1 may enhance immunity in immunocompromised mice and remarkably affect the intestinal flora and content of SCFAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-9812
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124607
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124607.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587355-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biochar promotes soil organic carbon sequestration and reduces net global warming potential in apple orchard: A two-year study in the Loess Plateau of China
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 803 ( 2022-01), p. 150035-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 803 ( 2022-01), p. 150035-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150035
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soil Carbon Management Index under Different Land Use Systems and Soil Types of Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-09-30), p. 2533-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-09-30), p. 2533-
    Abstract: Land-use systems (LUSs) and soil types (STs) are strongly related to factors that influence soil degradation and carbon (C) loss. However, the way in which land use and soil type affects the soil organic C (SOC) pools, and soil aggregation in the Sanjiang Plain, has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate soil physic–ochemical properties, soil aggregates, and C management index (CMI) in three different LUSs (grassland, dryland, and paddy field) under two STs (meadow soil and albic soil) of the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China. A total of 60 composite soil samples were collected for laboratory analyses. The results were as follows: soil properties were affected by LUS and ST, especially soil chemical properties; ST had no significant effect on soil aggregates but significantly affected its SOC content, while LUS had a significant effect on soil aggregates (p 〈 0.01), except for small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm); the mean weight diameter (MWD) and SOC in meadow soil was significantly different under different land uses, with grassland being the highest and dryland the lowest. However, there was no significant difference in albic soil. The heterogeneity of grassland, dryland, and paddy field showed that different LUSs had particular effects on SOC and its active components because LUS had significant effects on C pool index (CPI) and CMI, but ST and its interaction had no significant effects on CPI and CMI. Overall, the results showed that LUS was an important factor affecting CMI in the Sanjiang Plain, rather than ST, and the paddy field CMI was optimal in the Sanjiang Plain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13102533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shielding effect enables fast ion transfer through nanoporous membrane for highly energy-efficient electrodialysis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Water Vol. 1, No. 8 ( 2023-08-03), p. 725-735
    Details
    In: Nature Water, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 1, No. 8 ( 2023-08-03), p. 725-735
    Abstract: A key to sustainable management of saline organic-rich wastewaters is to precisely fractionate organic components and inorganic salts (NaCl) as individual resources. Conventional nanofiltration and electrodialysis processes suffer from membrane fouling and compromise the fractionation efficacy. Here we develop a thin-film composite nanoporous membrane via co-deposition of dopamine and polyethyleneimine as a highly anion-conducting membrane. Experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations show that co-deposition of dopamine and polyethyleneimine effectively tailors the membrane surface properties, intensifying the charge shielding effect and enabling fast anion transfer for highly efficient electrodialysis. The resulting nanoporous membrane exhibits unprecedented electrodialytic fractionation of organics and NaCl with negligible membrane fouling, dramatically outperforming state-of-the-art anion exchange membranes. Our study sheds light on facile design of high-performance anion-conducting membranes and associated new mass transport mechanisms in electrodialytic separation, paving the way for sustainable management of complex waste streams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2731-6084
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s44221-023-00113-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3135750-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Occurrence and prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the sediment pore water of mariculture sites: Novel findings of PFASs from the Bohai and Yellow Seas using a newly established analytical method
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 471 ( 2024-06), p. 134256-
    Details
    In: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Elsevier BV, Vol. 471 ( 2024-06), p. 134256-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0304-3894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134256
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491302-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced OER Performance and Dynamic Transition of Surface Reconstruction in LaNiO 3 Thin Films with Nanoparticles Decoration
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Advanced Science Vol. 10, No. 13 ( 2023-05)
    Details
    In: Advanced Science, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 13 ( 2023-05)
    Abstract: In an electrocatalytic process, the cognition of the active phase in a catalyst has been regarded as one of the most vital issues, which not only boosts the fundamental understanding of the reaction procedure but also guides the engineering and design for further promising catalysts. Here, based on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the stepwise evolution of the dominant active phase is demonstrated in the LaNiO 3 (LNO) catalyst once the single‐crystal thin film is decorated by LNO nanoparticles. It is found that the OER performance can be dramatically improved by this decoration, and the catalytic current density at 1.65 V can be enhanced by ≈1000% via ≈10 9 cm −2 nanoparticle adhesion after extracting the contribution of surface enlargement. Most importantly, a transition of the active phase from LNO to NiOOH via surface reconstruction with the density of LNO nanoparticles is demonstrated. Several mechanisms in terms of this active phase transition are discussed involving lattice orientation‐induced change of the surface energy profile, the lattice oxygen participation, and the A/B‐site ions leaching during OER cycles. This study suggests that the active phases in transition metal‐based OER catalysts can transform with morphology, which should be corresponding to distinct engineering strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2198-3844 , 2198-3844
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/advs.v10.13
    DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207128
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2808093-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterizations and the Mechanism Underlying Cryoprotective Activity of Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Pseudosciaena crocea
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-18), p. 875-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-18), p. 875-
    Abstract: Antifreeze peptides are a class of small molecule protein hydrolysates that protect frozen products from cold damage under freezing or subcooling conditions. In this study, three different Pseudosciaena crocea (P. crocea) peptides were from pepsin, trypsin, and neutral protease enzymatic hydrolysis. It aimed to elect the P. crocea peptides with better activity through molecular weight, antioxidant activity, and amino acid analysis, as well as to compare the cryoprotective effects with a commercial cryoprotectant. The results showed that the untreated fillets were prone to be oxidized, and the water-holding capacity after freeze-thaw cycle decreased. However, the treatment of the trypsin hydrolysate of P. crocea protein significantly promoted the water-holding capacity level and reduced the loss of Ca2+-ATP enzyme activity and the structural integrity damage of myofibrillar protein in surimi. Moreover, compared with 4% sucrose-added fillets, trypsin hydrolysate treatment enhanced the umami of frozen fillets and reduced the unnecessary sweetness. Therefore, the trypsin hydrolysate of P. crocea protein could be used as a natural cryoprotectant for aquatic products. Hence, this study provides technical support for its use as a food additive to improve the quality of aquatic products after thawing and provides a theoretical basis and experimental foundation for the in-depth research and application of antifreeze peptides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12040875
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Advanced Optical Materials Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-06)
    Details
    In: Advanced Optical Materials, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-06)
    Abstract: Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent‐wave structure based on D‐shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2195-1071 , 2195-1071
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adom.v10.11
    DOI: 10.1002/adom.202200443
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2708158-8
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stochastic and deterministic responses of an asymmetric quad-stable energy harvester
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing Vol. 168 ( 2022-04), p. 108672-
    Details
    In: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Elsevier BV, Vol. 168 ( 2022-04), p. 108672-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0888-3270
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108672
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471003-1
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