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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Use of a medetomidine-ketamine combination for anesthesia in captive common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius)
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 241, No. 1 ( 2012-07-01), p. 110-116
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 241, No. 1 ( 2012-07-01), p. 110-116
    Abstract: Objective —To establish an anesthetic protocol suitable for surgical interventions in hippopotami ( Hippopotamus amphibius ). Design —Prospective case series. Animals —10 adult male hippopotami undergoing castration. Procedures —A combination of medetomidine (60 to 80 µg/kg [27.3 to 36.4 µg/lb]) and ketamine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb] ) was administered IM on the basis of mean estimated weights of 1,330 ± 333 kg (2,926 ± 733 lb; median, 1,350 kg [2,790 lb]; range, 900 to 2,000 kg [1,980 to 4,400 lb] ). Monitoring included sequential blood gas analyses, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Reversal of anesthesia with atipamezole (0.34 ± 0.06 mg/kg [0.15 ± 0.027 mg/lb]; median, 0.33 mg/kg [0.15 mg/lb] ; range, 300 to 500 mg total dose]) was uneventful and rapid in all cases. Results —Complete immobilization and a surgical anesthetic plane were achieved 27 ± 11.8 minutes (median, 24.5 minutes [range, 14 to 44 minutes]) after initial injection. Anesthesia (97.3 ± 35.3 minutes; median, 95 minutes [range, 57 to 188 minutes] ) was maintained with 3.4 ± 2.2 (median, 3) additional doses of ketamine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg [0.045 to 0.18 mg/lb]). Transitory apnea of 4.71 ± 2.87 minutes (median, 4 minutes [range, 1 to 9 minutes] ) was documented in 5 animals. Apnea during anesthesia was viewed as a physiologic condition in this semiaquatic mammal because related vital parameters (heart rate, pH, peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, venous partial pressure of CO 2 , and lactate and HCO 3 concentrations) remained unchanged and did not differ significantly than those parameters for the 5 animals with continuous respiration. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Both in captivity and in the wild, common hippopotami are difficult to anesthetize. The combination of medetomidine and ketamine provided an excellent surgical plane of anesthesia and a self-limiting dive response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.1.110
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 390811-2
    SSG: 22
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  • 2
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    Red Deer as Maintenance Host for Bovine Tuberculosis, Alpine Region
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ; 2015
    In:  Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 464-467
    Details
    In: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 464-467
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1080-6040 , 1080-6059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3201/eid2103.141119
    Language: English
    Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004375-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1380686-5
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  • 3
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    Labelling experiments in red deer provide a general model for early bone growth dynamics in ruminants
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-07-07)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-07-07)
    Abstract: Growth rates importantly determine developmental time and are, therefore, a key variable of a species' life history. A widely used method to reconstruct growth rates and to estimate age at death in extant and particularly in fossil vertebrates is the analysis of bone tissue apposition rates. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are of special interest here, as they indicate a halt in bone growth. However, although of great importance, the time intervals between, and particularly the reason of growth arrests remains unknown. Therefore, experiments are increasingly called for to calibrate growth rates with tissue types and life history events, and to provide reliable measurements of the time involved in the formation of LAGs. Based on in vivo bone labelling, we calibrated periods of bone tissue apposition, growth arrest, drift and resorption over the period from birth to post-weaning in a large mammal, the red deer. We found that bone growth rates tightly matched the daily weight gain curve, i.e. decreased with age, with two discrete periods of growth rate disruption that coincided with the life history events birth and weaning, that were visually recognisable in bone tissue as either partial LAGs or annuli. Our study identified for the first time in a large mammal a general pattern for juvenile bone growth rates, including periods of growth arrest. The tight correlation between daily weight gain and bone tissue apposition suggests that the red deer bone growth model is valid for ruminants in general where the daily weight gain curve is comparable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93547-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 4
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    Hibernation in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus): multiday torpor in primates is not restricted to Madagascar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-12-03)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-12-03)
    Abstract: Hibernation and short daily torpor are states of energy conservation with reduced metabolism and body temperature. Both hibernation, also called multiday torpor and daily torpor are common among mammals and occur in at least 11 orders. Within the primates, there is a peculiar situation, because to date torpor has been almost exclusively reported for Malagasy lemurs. The single exception is the African lesser bushbaby, which is capable of daily torpor, but uses it only under extremely adverse conditions. For true hibernation, the geographical restriction was absolute. No primate outside of Madagascar was previously known to hibernate. Since hibernation is commonly viewed as an ancient, plesiomorphic trait, theoretically this could mean that hibernation as an overwintering strategy was lost in all other primates in mainland Africa, Asia and the Americas. However, we hypothesized that a good candidate species for the use of hibernation, outside of Madagascar should be the pygmy slow loris ( Nycticebus pygmaeus ), a small primate inhabiting tropical forests. Here, we show that pygmy slow lorises exposed to natural climatic conditions in northern Vietnam during winter indeed undergo torpor lasting up to 63 h, that is, hibernation. Thus, hibernation has been retained in at least one primate outside of Madagascar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/srep17392
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 5
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    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2018
    In:  Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 9 ( 2018-9-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Physiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2018-9-18)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-042X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01235
    DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01235.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564217-0
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  • 6
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    Host diet and evolutionary history explain different aspects of gut microbiome diversity among vertebrate clades
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-05-16)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-05-16)
    Abstract: Multiple factors modulate microbial community assembly in the vertebrate gut, though studies disagree as to their relative contribution. One cause may be a reliance on captive animals, which can have very different gut microbiomes compared to their wild counterparts. To resolve this disagreement, we analyze a new, large, and highly diverse animal distal gut 16 S rRNA microbiome dataset, which comprises 80% wild animals and includes members of Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Actinopterygii. We decouple the effects of host evolutionary history and diet on gut microbiome diversity and show that each factor modulates different aspects of diversity. Moreover, we resolve particular microbial taxa associated with host phylogeny or diet and show that Mammalia have a stronger signal of cophylogeny. Finally, we find that environmental filtering and microbe-microbe interactions differ among host clades. These findings provide a robust assessment of the processes driving microbial community assembly in the vertebrate intestine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10191-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 7
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    The Influence of Photoperiod, Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Food Availability on Seasonal Acclimatization in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1600-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1600-
    Abstract: Hypometabolism and hypothermia are common reactions of birds and mammals to cope with harsh winter conditions. In small mammals, the occurrence of hibernation and daily torpor is entrained by photoperiod, and the magnitude of hypometabolism and decrease of body temperature (Tb) is influenced by the dietary supply of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. We investigated whether similar effects exist in a non-hibernating large mammal, the red deer (Cervus elaphus). We fed adult females with pellets enriched with either linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) during alternating periods of ad libitum and restricted feeding in a cross-over experimental design. Further, we scrutinized the role of photoperiod for physiological and behavioral seasonal changes by manipulating the amount of circulating melatonin. The deer were equipped with data loggers recording heart rate, core and peripheral Tb, and locomotor activity. Further, we regularly weighed the animals and measured their daily intake of food pellets. All physiological and behavioral parameters measured varied seasonally, with amplitudes exacerbated by restricted feeding, but with only few and inconsistent effects of supplementation with LA or ALA. Administering melatonin around the summer solstice caused a change into the winter phenotype weeks ahead of time in all traits measured. We conclude that red deer reduce energy expenditure for thermoregulation upon short daylength, a reaction amplified by food restriction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13101600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 8
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    Summer fades, deer change: Photoperiodic control of cellular seasonal acclimatization of skeletal muscle
    Elsevier BV ; 2024
    In:  iScience Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2024-01), p. 108619-
    Details
    In: iScience, Elsevier BV, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2024-01), p. 108619-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2589-0042
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108619
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2927064-9
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  • 9
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    Body mass dependent use of hibernation: why not prolong the active season, if they can?
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Functional Ecology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 167-177
    Details
    In: Functional Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 167-177
    Abstract: Hibernation is the most effective means for energy conservation during winter in mammals. The drawbacks of deep and prolonged torpor include reduced immunocompetence, and consequently, hibernators should be selected to minimize torpor expression when climatic conditions or energy availability (e.g. food or fat stores) permit. Therefore, it seems surprising that some hibernators employ extraordinary long hibernation seasons, lasting well beyond periods with unfavourable conditions. Because of their extended use of torpor, edible dormice ( Glis glis ) provide an ideal model for scrutinizing interactions between energy reserves (i.e. body fat stores) and thermoregulatory patterns. We used a multimodel inference approach to analyse body temperature data (i.e. use of torpor) from 42 entire hibernation seasons over 4 years in females in relation to body mass. Body mass prior to hibernation did not affect the duration of the hibernation season, but animals hibernated for c . 8 months, that is, 2 months longer than required by environmental conditions. Fatter individuals aroused significantly more often, had a higher mean minimum body temperature during torpor and remained euthermic for longer periods than leaner animals. Surplus energy was therefore not used to shorten the hibernation season, but to rewarm more frequently, and to allow shallower torpor bouts. These adjustments apparently serve to avoid negative effects of torpor and, perhaps equally importantly, to minimize the time active above‐ground. We argue that maintaining a short active season, despite surplus energy reserves, may be explained by known beneficial effects of hibernation on survival rates (via predator avoidance). Our data provide quantitative evidence that hibernation is a flexible tool within life‐history strategies. We conclude that, apart from energetic necessities due to harsh environmental conditions, predator avoidance may be an important factor influencing patterns of hibernation and torpor in mammals. Thus, our study indicates that climatic conditions alone are not a good predictor of hibernation patterns or survival in hibernating species during global climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-8463 , 1365-2435
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fec.2014.28.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12173
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020307-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 619313-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Calibration of life history traits with epiphyseal closure, dental eruption and bone histology in captive and wild red deer
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Anatomy Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2019-08), p. 205-216
    Details
    In: Journal of Anatomy, Wiley, Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2019-08), p. 205-216
    Abstract: The study of skeletochronology and bone tissue as a record of information on ontogenetic stages and events is widely used for improving the knowledge about life histories ( LH s) of extinct and extant vertebrates. Compared with dinosaurs and extant reptiles, mammalian bone histology has received little attention. Here, we calibrate for the first time bone and dental age with histological bone characteristics and LH stages in ontogenetic series of red deer. We rely on known LH s of different aged individuals of captive Cervus elaphus hippelaphus from Austria to correlate epiphyseal closure, dental eruption pattern, bone growth marks and bone tissue patterns in femora and tibiae, and of wild Cervus elaphus hispanicus from Spain. Our data show that females (of both subspecies) attain skeletal maturity earlier than males. At this moment, epiphyseal closure (in femora and tibiae) and dental eruption are complete and long bones start to deposit an external fundamental system. The results also show that the attainment of reproductive maturity in red deer occurs slightly before skeletal maturity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8782 , 1469-7580
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.2019.235.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.13016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2955-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474856-3
    SSG: 12
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