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  • 1
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-14), p. 1811-
    Abstract: Quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) has remained a very relevant antimalarial drug 400 years after its effectiveness was discovered. Unlike other antimalarials, the development of resistance to quinine has been slow. Hence, this drug is to date still used for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria, for malaria treatment in all trimesters of pregnancy, and in combination with doxycycline against multidrug-resistant malaria parasites. The decline in its administration over the years is mainly associated with poor tolerability due to its gastrointestinal (GIT) side effects such as cinchonism, complex dosing regimen and bitter taste, all of which result in poor compliance. Hence, our research was aimed at redesigning quinine using nanotechnology and investigating an alternative route for its administration for the treatment of malaria. QHCl nanosuspension (QHCl-NS) for intranasal administration was prepared using lipid matrices made up of solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) comprising Phospholipon® 90H and lipids (Softisan® 154 or Compritol®) in a 1:2 ratio, while Poloxamer® 188 (P188) and Tween® 80 (T80) were used as a stabilizer and a surfactant, respectively. The QHCl-NS formulated were in the nanosize range (68.60 ± 0.86 to 300.80 ± 10.11 nm), and highly stable during storage, though zeta potential was low (≤6.95 ± 0.416). QHCl-NS achieved above 80% in vitro drug release in 6 h. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed that formulating QHCl as NS resulted in a 5-fold and 56-fold increase in the flux and permeation coefficient, respectively, thereby enhancing permeation through pig nasal mucosa better than plain drug solutions. This implies that the rate of absorption as well as ease of drug permeation through porcine nasal mucosa was impressively enhanced by formulating QHCl as NS. Most importantly, reduction in parasitaemia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA by QHCl-NS administered through the intranasal route (51.16%) was comparable to oral administration (52.12%). Therefore, redesigning QHCl as NS for intranasal administration has great potential to serve as a more tolerable option for the treatment of malaria in endemic areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scientific Scholar ; 2023
    In:  American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 2 ( 2023-06-30), p. 9-
    In: American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Scientific Scholar, Vol. 2 ( 2023-06-30), p. 9-
    Abstract: Pharmacists can increase patients’ knowledge and understanding of their medications and assist them to make appropriate decisions. However, clients’ perception is a rate determining step to their accepting such Pharmacists roles. In this study we evaluated clients’ perceptions on pharmacists provided medication counseling and education. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 27 item, three sectioned questionnaire among 405 respondents 〉 16years old for 10 weeks in secondary Health facility in Lagos state. Nigeria. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, descriptive analysis (frequency), reliability (Cronbach alpha), correlation (spearman’s rho), association (chi-square) were conducted with P value 〈 0.05. Three (3) was used as a logical mid-point and a positive perception was assumed if an overall mean of above 3 was obtained. Results: Majority of the respondents were female 267 (65.9%), 47.4% fall within the age range of 20-39 years, and the highest proportion of respondents (44%) have secondary school educational qualification. About half of the respondents strongly disagreed that pharmacists are responsible for providing information on disease condition and minor ailments 181(44.7%) and strongly agreed that pharmacists always indicate medication use in writing, 278 (68.6%), there was correlation between this and pharmacists usually re-emphasized information in writing using spearman’s rho (p=0.000). Most respondents strongly disagreed that pharmacy is only a business and of no benefit to patients 314 (78.9%) and 270 (66.7%) agreed that pharmacists should be an integral part of the health delivery system. Overall mean ± SD was 4.11 ± 0.841, while mean ± SD on patients’ knowledge of pharmacists’ roles and their opinion on usefulness of pharmacists counseling and education were 4.26 ± 0.839 and 3.95 ± 0.840 respectively. Overall value of 0.66 was obtained for reliability test using Cronbach’s’ alpha. There is significant association between the patients’ age and their perception on need to go back to physician for clarification on medication use after pharmacists counseling (P=0.000), also between respondents’ gender and their perception that counseling received from pharmacists has benefits to them. (P=0.007). CONCLUSION: Generally, respondents have positive perceptions on pharmacist provided medication counseling and education. Our study results showed that pharmacists are seen as important professionals in providing medication related information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2835-253X , 2836-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Scholar
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-8-19)
    Abstract: Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the past 5 years show that prenatal or postnatal probiotics may prevent or optimize the treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders, findings from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these studies appear inconsistent. More recent RCTs have focused on postnatal probiotics, and linked specific probiotic strains to better disease outcomes. Objective This systematic review aimed to determine if postnatal probiotics are as effective as prenatal probiotics in preventing or treating childhood asthma and atopic disorders. Methods We searched the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases for RCTs published within the past 5 years (from 2017 to 2022). We included only full-text RCTs on human subjects published in or translated into the English language. We retrieved relevant data items with a preconceived data-extraction form and assessed the methodological quality of the selected RCTs using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials. We qualitatively synthesized the retrieved data to determine any significant differences in study endpoints of the probiotic and placebo groups. Results A total of 1,320 participants (688 and 632 in the probiotic and placebo groups) from six RCTs were investigated. One RCT showed that early Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) led to a reduction in the cumulative incidence rate of asthma. Another study demonstrated that mixed strains of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus fermentum could support clinical improvement in children with asthma while one trial reported a significant reduction in the frequency of asthma exacerbations using a mixture of Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium breve . Three trials showed that a combination of LGG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus alone, and a probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus ŁOCK strains improved clinical outcomes in children with atopic dermatitis and cow-milk protein allergy. Conclusions Postnatal strain-specific probiotics (in single or mixed forms) are beneficial in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis and other allergies. Similarly, specific strains are more effective in preventing asthma or improving asthma outcomes. We recommend more interventional studies to establish the most useful probiotic strain in these allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scientific Scholar ; 2023
    In:  American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 2 ( 2023-07-14), p. 10-
    In: American Journal of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Scientific Scholar, Vol. 2 ( 2023-07-14), p. 10-
    Abstract: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) and outcomes depend on the resources of the admitting institutions and their preparedness, respectively. We assessed the preparedness of hospital pharmacists for MCIs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 132 pharmacists working in hospitals in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria, over 1 month, using a 26-item self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). A Chi-square test was used for further analysis. P 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The response rate was 79.5% (105/132). Most respondents were 26–30 years, 31.4%, had been practicing for 〈 10 years, 44.8%, and were female, 59.0%. Overall, 42.9% of the respondents had 〉 400 beds, 66 (62.9%), and 48 (45.7%) had general and pharmacy-specific disaster preparedness plans, respectively. Respondents agreed that the hospital committee consensus determined medications to be stocked, 64 (60.9%) and that disaster plans were mainly for natural disasters, 73 (35.4%). Only 7 (6.6%) respondents practiced mock disaster preparedness. There was a significant association between respondents’ year of practice and response on including disaster events in the institutional plan (χ 2 = 95.637, df. = 72, P = 0.033). Most respondents, 95 (90.0%), were positive (mean ± SD: 4.42 ± 0.875) about the need for analgesics during disaster events. Conclusion: Preparation for disaster preparedness was suboptimal based on the number of beds, pharmacy-specific disaster preparedness plan, and practice for mock disasters. This calls for immediate awareness to address these shortfalls through orientation, training, and retraining on preparedness for MCIs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2835-253X , 2836-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Scholar
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2018
    In:  Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics Vol. Volume 9 ( 2018-07), p. 73-79
    In: Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Informa UK Limited, Vol. Volume 9 ( 2018-07), p. 73-79
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1179-9927
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2616891-1
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  • 6
    In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Maternal mortality is attributed to combination of contextual factors that cause delay in seeking care, leading to poor utilization of skilled health services. Community participation is one of the acknowledged strategies to improve health services utilization amongst the poor and rural communities. The study aimed at assessing the potentials of improving birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) using community-driven behavioural change intervention among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. Methods A pre-post intervention study was conducted from June 2018 to October 2019 on 158 pregnant women selected through multi-stage sampling technique from 10 villages. Data on knowledge and practices of birth preparedness and utilization of facility health services were collected through interviewer-administered pre-tested structured questionnaire. Behavioural change intervention comprising of stakeholders’ engagement, health education, facilitation of emergency transport and fund saving system, and distribution of educational leaflets/posters were delivered by twenty trained volunteer community health workers. The intervention activities focused on sensitization on danger signs of pregnancy, birth preparedness and complication readiness practices and emergency response. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated for descriptive statistics; and T-test and Chi square statistical tests were carried out to determine associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at p -value 〈  0.05. Results The result showed that after the intervention, mean knowledge score of danger signs of pregnancy increased by 0.37 from baseline value of 3.94 ( p   〈  0.001), and BP/CR elements increased by 0.27 from baseline value of 4.00 (p  〈  0.001). Mean score for BP/CR practices increased significantly by 0.22 for saving money. The proportion that had antenatal care (76.6%) and had facility delivery (60.0%) increased significantly by 8.2 and 8.3% respectively. Participation in Community-related BP/CR activities increased by 11.6% ( p  = 0.012). Conclusion With the improvements recorded in the community-participatory intervention, birth preparedness and complication readiness should be promoted through community, household and male-partner inclusive strategies. Further evaluation will be required to ascertain the sustainability and impact of the programme.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2393
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059869-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Asthma and Allergy Vol. Volume 11 ( 2018-01), p. 11-18
    In: Journal of Asthma and Allergy, Informa UK Limited, Vol. Volume 11 ( 2018-01), p. 11-18
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1178-6965
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2494877-9
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  • 8
    In: Pan African Medical Journal, Pan African Medical Journal, Vol. 43 ( 2022)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1937-8688
    Language: English
    Publisher: Pan African Medical Journal
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2514347-5
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  • 9
    In: International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA), Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. (GHEP), Vol. 11, No. 2s ( 2022-09-09)
    Abstract: The fifth annual summer research summit organized by the Center of Excellence (COE) in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), was held on May 17, 2022. The theme of this year’s summit was ‘Academic-Community Partnerships: Change Agents for Advancing Health Equity.’ Given the ongoing pandemic, the summit was conducted virtually through digital platforms. This program was intended for both BCM and external audiences interested in advancing health equity, diversity, and inclusion in healthcare among healthcare providers and trainees, biomedical scientists, social workers, nurses, and individuals involved in talent acquisition and development, such as hiring managers (HR professionals), supervisors, college and hospital affiliate leadership and administrators, as well as diversity and inclusion excellence practitioners. We had attendees from all regions of the United States as well as from Saudi Arabia. The content in this Book of Abstracts encapsulates a summary of the research efforts by the BCM COE scholars (which includes post-baccalaureate students, medical students, clinical fellows, and junior faculty from BCM) as well as the external summit participants. The range of topics in this year’s summit was quite diverse, encompassing disparities in relation to maternal and child health (MCH), immigrant health, cancers, vaccination uptakes, and COVID-19 infections. Various solutions were ardently presented to address these disparities, including community engagement and partnerships, improvement in health literacy, and the development of novel technologies and therapeutics. With this summit, BCM continues to build on its long history of educational outreach initiatives to promote diversity in medicine by focusing on programs aimed at increasing the number of diverse and highly qualified medical professionals ready to introduce effective and innovative approaches to reduce or eliminate health disparities. These programs will improve information resources, clinical education, curricula, research, and cultural competence as they relate to minority health issues and social determinants of health. The year’s summit was a great success!   Copyright © 2022 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-864X , 2161-8674
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. (GHEP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2715876-7
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  • 10
    In: Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 56 ( 2020)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2175-9790
    Language: English
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2685807-1
    SSG: 15,3
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