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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ozonesonde Quality Assurance: The JOSIE–SHADOZ (2017) Experience
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 155-171
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 100, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 155-171
    Abstract: The ozonesonde is a small balloon-borne instrument that is attached to a standard radiosonde to measure profiles of ozone from the surface to 35 km with ∼100-m vertical resolution. Ozonesonde data constitute a mainstay of satellite calibration and are used for climatologies and analysis of trends, especially in the lower stratosphere where satellites are most uncertain. The electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde has been deployed at ∼100 stations worldwide since the 1960s, with changes over time in manufacture and procedures, including details of the cell chemical solution and data processing. As a consequence, there are biases among different stations and discontinuities in profile time series from individual site records. For 22 years the Jülich (Germany) Ozonesonde Intercomparison Experiment (JOSIE) has periodically tested ozonesondes in a simulation chamber designated the World Calibration Centre for Ozonesondes (WCCOS) by WMO. During October–November 2017 a JOSIE campaign evaluated the sondes and procedures used in Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), a 14-station sonde network operating in the tropics and subtropics. A distinctive feature of the 2017 JOSIE was that the tests were conducted by operators from eight SHADOZ stations. Experimental protocols for the SHADOZ sonde configurations, which represent most of those in use today, are described, along with preliminary results. SHADOZ stations that follow WMO-recommended protocols record total ozone within 3% of the JOSIE reference instrument. These results and prior JOSIEs demonstrate that regular testing is essential to maintain best practices in ozonesonde operations and to ensure high-quality data for the satellite and ozone assessment communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0311.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 2
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    Monitoring Greenhouse Gases from Space
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 2700-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-08), p. 2700-
    Abstract: The increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2 and CH4, due to human activities, is the main driver of the observed increase in surface temperature by more than 1 °C since the pre-industrial era. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in Paris, most nations agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the increase in global surface temperature to 1.5 °C. Satellite remote sensing of CO2 and CH4 is now well established thanks to missions such as NASA’s OCO-2 and the Japanese GOSAT missions, which have allowed us to build a long-term record of atmospheric GHG concentrations from space. They also give us a first glimpse into CO2 and CH4 enhancements related to anthropogenic emission, which helps to pave the way towards the future missions aimed at a Monitoring & Verification Support (MVS) capacity for the global stock take of the Paris agreement. China plays an important role for the global carbon budget as the largest source of anthropogenic carbon emissions but also as a region of increased carbon sequestration as a result of several reforestation projects. Over the last 10 years, a series of projects on mitigation of carbon emission has been started in China, including the development of the first Chinese greenhouse gas monitoring satellite mission, TanSat, which was successfully launched on 22 December 2016. Here, we summarise the results of a collaborative project between European and Chinese teams under the framework of the Dragon-4 programme of ESA and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) to characterize and evaluate the datasets from the TanSat mission by retrieval intercomparisons and ground-based validation and to apply model comparisons and surface flux inversion methods to TanSat and other CO2 missions, with a focus on China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13142700
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Evaluation and Analysis of the Seasonal Cycle and Variability of the Trend from GOSAT Methane Retrievals
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-04-11), p. 882-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-04-11), p. 882-
    Abstract: Methane ( CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas with a large temporal variability. To increase the spatial coverage, methane observations are increasingly made from satellites that retrieve the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of methane ( XCH 4 ). To understand and quantify the spatial differences of the seasonal cycle and trend of XCH 4 in more detail, and to ultimately help reduce uncertainties in methane emissions and sinks, we evaluated and analyzed the average XCH 4 seasonal cycle and trend from three Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) retrieval algorithms: National Institute for Environmental Studies algorithm version 02.75, RemoTeC CH 4 Proxy algorithm version 2.3.8 and RemoTeC CH 4 Full Physics algorithm version 2.3.8. Evaluations were made against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) retrievals at 15 TCCON sites for 2009–2015, and the analysis was performed, in addition to the TCCON sites, at 31 latitude bands between latitudes 44.43 ∘ S and 53.13 ∘ N. At latitude bands, we also compared the trend of GOSAT XCH 4 retrievals to the NOAA’s Marine Boundary Layer reference data. The average seasonal cycle and the non-linear trend were, for the first time for methane, modeled with a dynamic regression method called Dynamic Linear Model that quantifies the trend and the seasonal cycle, and provides reliable uncertainties for the parameters. Our results show that, if the number of co-located soundings is sufficiently large throughout the year, the seasonal cycle and trend of the three GOSAT retrievals agree well, mostly within the uncertainty ranges, with the TCCON retrievals. Especially estimates of the maximum day of XCH 4 agree well, both between the GOSAT and TCCON retrievals, and between the three GOSAT retrievals at the latitude bands. In our analysis, we showed that there are large spatial differences in the trend and seasonal cycle of XCH 4 . These differences are linked to the regional CH 4 sources and sinks, and call for further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs11070882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
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    Brewer spectrometer total ozone column measurements in Sodankylä
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2016-06-17), p. 229-239
    Details
    In: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2016-06-17), p. 229-239
    Abstract: Abstract. Brewer total ozone column measurements started in Sodankylä in May 1988, 9 months after the signing of The Montreal Protocol. The Brewer instrument has been well maintained and frequently calibrated since then to produce a high-quality ozone time series now spanning more than 25 years. The data have now been uniformly reprocessed between 1988 and 2014. The quality of the data has been assured by automatic data rejection rules as well as by manual checking. Daily mean values calculated from the highest-quality direct sun measurements are available 77 % of time with up to 75 measurements per day on clear days. Zenith sky measurements fill another 14 % of the time series and winter months are sparsely covered by moon measurements. The time series provides information to survey the evolution of Arctic ozone layer and can be used as a reference point for assessing other total ozone column measurement practices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2193-0864
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/gi-5-229-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2690575-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Yearly cycle of lower tropospheric ozone at the Arctic Circle
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Atmospheric Environment Vol. 30, No. 10-11 ( 1996-5), p. 1875-1885
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 30, No. 10-11 ( 1996-5), p. 1875-1885
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1352-2310
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00384-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 216368-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499889-0
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    EOF-based regression algorithm for the fast retrieval of atmospheric CO2 total column amount from the GOSAT observations
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Vol. 189 ( 2017-03), p. 258-266
    Details
    In: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Elsevier BV, Vol. 189 ( 2017-03), p. 258-266
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.12.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491916-3
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    Global nature run data with realistic high-resolution carbon weather for the year of the Paris Agreement
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Data Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-04-11)
    Details
    In: Scientific Data, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-04-11)
    Abstract: The CO 2 Human Emissions project has generated realistic high-resolution 9 km global simulations for atmospheric carbon tracers referred to as nature runs to foster carbon-cycle research applications with current and planned satellite missions, as well as the surge of in situ observations. Realistic atmospheric CO 2 , CH 4 and CO fields can provide a reference for assessing the impact of proposed designs of new satellites and in situ networks and to study atmospheric variability of the tracers modulated by the weather. The simulations spanning 2015 are based on the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service forecasts at the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, with improvements in various model components and input data such as anthropogenic emissions, in preparation of a CO 2 Monitoring and Verification Support system. The relative contribution of different emissions and natural fluxes towards observed atmospheric variability is diagnosed by additional tagged tracers in the simulations. The evaluation of such high-resolution model simulations can be used to identify model deficiencies and guide further model improvements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-4463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01228-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775191-0
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  • 8
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    Far‐Ranging Impact of Mountain Waves Excited Over Greenland on Stratospheric Dehydration and Rehydration
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 125, No. 18 ( 2020-09-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 125, No. 18 ( 2020-09-27)
    Abstract: We present unique balloon‐borne observations of stratospheric water vapor and aerosol backscatter above northern Scandinavia The balloon‐borne measurements reveal Antarctic‐like dehydration and rehydration and the existence of solid ice particles The far‐ranging impact of Greenland's mountain wave‐induced temperature fluctuations is a key process
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020JD033055
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Contributions of the troposphere and stratosphere to CH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 model biases
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2017-11-09), p. 13283-13295
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2017-11-09), p. 13283-13295
    Abstract: Abstract. Inverse modelling is a useful tool for retrieving CH4 fluxes; however, evaluation of the applied chemical transport model is an important step before using the inverted emissions. For inversions using column data one concern is how well the model represents stratospheric and tropospheric CH4 when assimilating total column measurements. In this study atmospheric CH4 from three inverse models is compared to FTS (Fourier transform spectrometry), satellite and in situ measurements. Using the FTS measurements the model biases are separated into stratospheric and tropospheric contributions. When averaged over all FTS sites the model bias amplitudes (absolute model to FTS differences) are 7.4 ± 5.1, 6.7 ± 4.8, and 8.1 ± 5.5 ppb in the tropospheric partial column (the column from the surface to the tropopause) for the models TM3, TM5-4DVAR, and LMDz-PYVAR, respectively, and 4.3 ± 9.9, 4.7 ± 9.9, and 6.2 ± 11.2 ppb in the stratospheric partial column (the column from the tropopause to the top of the atmosphere). The model biases in the tropospheric partial column show a latitudinal gradient for all models; however there are no clear latitudinal dependencies for the model biases in the stratospheric partial column visible except with the LMDz-PYVAR model. Comparing modelled and FTS-measured tropospheric column-averaged mole fractions reveals a similar latitudinal gradient in the model biases but comparison with in situ measured mole fractions in the troposphere does not show a latitudinal gradient, which is attributed to the different longitudinal coverage of FTS and in situ measurements. Similarly, a latitudinal pattern exists in model biases in vertical CH4 gradients in the troposphere, which indicates that vertical transport of tropospheric CH4 is not represented correctly in the models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-13283-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of MOPITT Version 7 joint TIR–NIR X〈sub〉CO〈/sub〉 retrievals with TCCON
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-10-21), p. 5547-5572
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-10-21), p. 5547-5572
    Abstract: Abstract. Observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard the Terra spacecraft were expected to have an accuracy of 10 % prior to the launch in 1999. Here we evaluate MOPITT Version 7 joint (V7J) thermal-infrared and near-infrared (TIR–NIR) retrieval accuracy and precision and suggest ways to further improve the accuracy of the observations. We take five steps involving filtering or bias corrections to reduce scatter and bias in the data relative to other MOPITT soundings and ground-based measurements. (1) We apply a preliminary filtering scheme in which measurements over snow and ice are removed. (2) We find a systematic pairwise bias among the four MOPITT along-track detectors (pixels) on the order of 3–4 ppb with a small temporal trend, which we remove on a global scale using a temporally trended bias correction. (3) Using a small-region approximation (SRA), a new filtering scheme is developed and applied based on additional quality indicators such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). After applying these new filters, the root-mean-squared error computed using the local median from the SRA over 16 years of global observations decreases from 3.84 to 2.55 ppb. (4) We also use the SRA to find variability in MOPITT retrieval anomalies that relates to retrieval parameters. We apply a bias correction to one parameter from this analysis. (5) After applying the previous bias corrections and filtering, we compare the MOPITT results with the GGG2014 ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations to obtain an overall global bias correction. These comparisons show that MOPITT V7J is biased high by about 6 %–8 %, which is similar to past studies using independent validation datasets on V6J. When using TCCON spectrometric column retrievals without the standard airmass correction or scaling to aircraft (WMO scale), the ground- and satellite-based observations overall agree to better than 0.5 %. GEOS-Chem data assimilations are used to estimate the influence of filtering and scaling to TCCON on global CO and tend to pull concentrations away from the prior fluxes and closer to the truth. We conclude with suggestions for further improving the MOPITT data products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-5547-2019
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-5547-2019-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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