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  • 11
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 6_suppl ( 2023-02-20), p. 687-687
    Abstract: 687 Background: The presence of sarcomatoid features in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) has historically been associated with poor response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy and poor overall survival; however, immunotherapy (IO) combination therapies have shown more promise in treating this variant. Front-line anti-PD-1 based IO combinations used in ccRCC include ipilimumab/nivolumab (IO/IO) and several combinations of a VEGFR-targeted TKI with a PD-1 inhibitor (TKI/IO). Here, we compare progression-free survival after therapeutic 1st-line (PFS) and 2nd-line (PFS-2) in patients who received IO/IO vs TKI/IO combinations as 1st line treatment for metastatic ccRCC, and test whether the treatment effects differ based on the presence or absence of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with ccRCC initiating 1 st line combination IO at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1/1/2014 and 12/30/2020. Patient cohorts were defined by 1 st line treatment type: IO/IO or TKI/IO. PFS and PFS-2 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) was calculated for PFS and PFS-2 in each 1 st line treatment group and modelled using a generalized linear model adjusted for IMDC risk. To test for heterogeneity of treatment effect among subgroups, sarcomatoid features (presence/absence) is included in the models and an interaction test is performed. Results: Ninety patients (28 sarcomatoid) received 1 st line IO/IO and 83 (17 sarcomatoid) received 1 st line TKI/IO. Median PFS time is 6.8 months (95% CI: 4.5, 12.2) for IO/IO and 21 months (95% CI: 15, 25) for TKI/IO, p=0.009. After adjusting for IMDC risk, and after 48 months of follow-up, RMST for PFS was 10 months for IO/IO and 24 months for TKI/IO (p=0.02) and RMST for PFS-2 was 20 months for IO/IO and 23 months for TKI/IO (p=0.24). In the RMST model, the interaction between treatment group and presence or absence of sarcomatoid features is not significant for PFS (0.95) or PFS-2 (0.29). Conclusions: For ccRCC patients treated with 1 st line IO/IO or TKI/IO, adjusted RMST for PFS was significantly longer for the TKI/IO group, but there was no statistically significant difference in adjusted RMST for PFS-2. Anti-PD-1-based therapy is an effective approach to treating ccRCC with sarcomatoid features. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 12
    In: Kompass Onkologie, S. Karger AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2020), p. 180-189
    Abstract: Die kürzlich erfolgte Zulassung der Kombinationstherapien von Axitinib mit den Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) Pembrolizumab oder Avelumab zur First-Line-Therapie des fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinoms macht Handlungsempfehlungen zur Differenzierung zwischen immunbezogenen Nebenwirkungen (adverse events, AEs), die durch ICI verursacht werden, und Axitinib-bezogenen AEs erforderlich, um die Therapie mit Axitinib-ICI-Kombinationen zu optimieren. Die hier vorgestellten Empfehlungen basieren auf einer systematischen kritischen Überprüfung der veröffentlichten Evidenzlage und einer Diskussion unter Experten auf diesem Gebiet sowie einer Umfrage mit dem Ziel, einen Expertenkonsens über spezifische Maßnahmen für das Therapiemanagement mit den Kombinationstherapien von Axitinib/Avelumab und Axitinib/Pembrolizumab zu erhalten. Die Experten identifizierten AE-Bereiche, bei denen ein spezielles Management während der Behandlung mit Axitinib-ICI-Kombinationstherapien notwendig ist und die von den aktuellen Empfehlungen nicht abgedeckt werden. Nebenwirkungen, die ein solches spezialisiertes Management erfordern, sind Diarrhoe, Lebertoxizität, Fatigue und kardiovaskuläre AEs. Die Triage zwischen immunsuppressiven und supportiven Maßnahmen ist ein zentrales Element des Therapiemanagements. Dieser neuartige Therapieansatz erfordert ein klinisches Monitoring und Erfahrungen mit beiden Wirkstoffklassen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt der Schwerpunkt auf AEs, die Überschneidungen zwischen der Axitinib- und der ICI-Therapie aufweisen. Unsere Empfehlungen beziehen sich auf das Management von AEs, die unter der Behandlung mit Axitinib-ICI-Kombinationen auftreten, und haben zum Ziel, die Sicherheit dieser Therapien zu verbessern.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-5416 , 2296-5386
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3050162-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2754730-9
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  • 13
    In: JCO Precision Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), , No. 1 ( 2017-11), p. 1-16
    Abstract: With prospective clinical sequencing of tumors emerging as a mainstay in cancer care, an urgent need exists for a clinical support tool that distills the clinical implications associated with specific mutation events into a standardized and easily interpretable format. To this end, we developed OncoKB, an expert-guided precision oncology knowledge base. Methods OncoKB annotates the biologic and oncogenic effects and prognostic and predictive significance of somatic molecular alterations. Potential treatment implications are stratified by the level of evidence that a specific molecular alteration is predictive of drug response on the basis of US Food and Drug Administration labeling, National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, disease-focused expert group recommendations, and scientific literature. Results To date, 〉 3,000 unique mutations, fusions, and copy number alterations in 418 cancer-associated genes have been annotated. To test the utility of OncoKB, we annotated all genomic events in 5,983 primary tumor samples in 19 cancer types. Forty-one percent of samples harbored at least one potentially actionable alteration, of which 7.5% were predictive of clinical benefit from a standard treatment. OncoKB annotations are available through a public Web resource ( http://oncokb.org ) and are incorporated into the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics to facilitate the interpretation of genomic alterations by physicians and researchers. Conclusion OncoKB, a comprehensive and curated precision oncology knowledge base, offers oncologists detailed, evidence-based information about individual somatic mutations and structural alterations present in patient tumors with the goal of supporting optimal treatment decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2473-4284
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 14
    In: British Journal of Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 123, No. 6 ( 2020-09-15), p. 898-904
    Abstract: With the recent approval of the combinations of axitinib with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab or avelumab for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, guidance on how to distinguish between immune-related adverse events (AEs) caused by ICI versus axitinib-related AEs is necessary to optimise therapy with axitinib–ICI combinations. The recommendations here are based on (1) systematic review of published evidence, (2) discussion among experts in the field and (3) a survey to obtain expert consensus on specific measures for therapy management with the combinations axitinib/avelumab and axitinib/pembrolizumab. The experts identified areas of AEs requiring unique management during treatment with axitinib–ICI combinations that were not covered by current recommendations. Diarrhoea, hepatic toxicity, fatigue and cardiovascular AEs were found to be applicable to such specialised management. Triage between immune-suppressive and supportive measures is a key component in therapy management. Clinical monitoring and experience with both classes of agents are necessary to manage this novel therapeutic approach. We focused on AEs with an overlap between axitinib and ICI therapy. Our recommendations address AE management of axitinib–ICI combinations with the aim to improve the safety of these therapies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-0920 , 1532-1827
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002452-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80075-2
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  • 15
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 73, No. 8_Supplement ( 2013-04-15), p. 3515-3515
    Abstract: Despite the established role of MTOR inhibitors (rapalogs) in treating advanced kidney cancer, therapeutic benefit varies and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Intratumor branching heterogeneity, a recently discovered hallmark of this disease, has raised concerns about the feasibility of developing genomic biomarkers for targeted agents in kidney cancer. We undertook an outlier approach to interrogate the genetic determinants underlying long-term therapeutic response ( & gt;20 months) to rapalogs in 6 patients. An integrated ultra-deep targeted-exome (∼500x) and standard whole-exome (∼100x) sequencing was performed. Additionally, to address intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity, spatially separated tumor specimens from the same individuals were analyzed whenever possible. Multiregional sequencing unveiled surprising MTOR pathway convergent evolution, manifested by MTOR pathway activation by means of distinct genomic events in spatially separate sites of disease within the same individual. Amongst the core components of the MTORC1 pathway, complete functional loss of TSC1 and TSC2, and a hyperactive MTOR mutant were discovered in 4 of 6 long-term responders. Mutations in MTOR Clustered at FAT and kinase domains confer hyperactivity and yet remain sensitive to rapamycin. Here, we affirm intratumor heterogeneity, identify genomic determinants of drug response, and discover pathway convergent evolution in the majority of long-term responders. We propose a “river” model in which intratumor and intertumor clonal heterogeneity in cancer patients evolves like a branching river that converges at critical nodes. These convergent points provide unique opportunities for the treatment of genetically diverged yet functionally converged cancers in any given patient. Citation Format: Martin H. Voss, A Ari Hakimi, Can G. Pham, A Rose Brannon, Ying-Bei Chen, Luis F. Cunha, Oguz Akin, Han Liu, Shugaku Takeda, Sasinya N. Scott, Nicholas D. Socci, Agnes Viale, Nikolaus Schultz, Chris Sander, Victor E. Reuter, Paul Russo, Emily H. Cheng, Robert J. Motzer, Michael F. Berger, James J. Hsieh. Pathway convergent evolution underscores treatment response to MTOR inhibitors in kidney cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3515. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3515
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 16
    In: European Urology Focus, Elsevier BV, Vol. 4, No. 6 ( 2018-12), p. 986-994
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2405-4569
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2861750-2
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  • 17
    In: European Urology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 63, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 848-854
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0302-2838
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482253-2
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  • 18
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2014-04-01), p. 1955-1964
    Abstract: Purpose: Rapalogs are allosteric mTOR inhibitors and approved agents for advanced kidney cancer. Reports of clonal heterogeneity in this disease challenge the concept of targeted monotherapy, yet a small subset of patients derives extended benefit. Our aim was to analyze such outliers and explore the genomic background of extreme rapalog sensitivity in the context of intratumor heterogeneity. Experimental Design: We analyzed archived tumor tissue of 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma, who previously achieved durable disease control with rapalogs (median duration, 28 months). DNA was extracted from spatially separate areas of primary tumors and metastases. Custom target capture and ultradeep sequencing was used to identify alterations across 230 target genes. Whole-exome sequence analysis was added to investigate genes beyond this original target list. Results: Five long-term responders contributed 14 specimens to explore clonal heterogeneity. Genomic alterations with activating effect on mTOR signaling were detected in 11 of 14 specimens, offering plausible explanation for exceptional treatment response through alterations in two genes (TSC1 and MTOR). In two subjects, distinct yet functionally convergent alterations activated the mTOR pathway in spatially separate sites. In 1 patient, concurrent genomic events occurred in two separate pathway components across different tumor regions. Conclusions: Analysis of outlier cases can facilitate identification of potential biomarkers for targeted agents, and we implicate two genes as candidates for further study in this class of drugs. The previously reported phenomenon of clonal convergence can occur within a targetable pathway which might have implications for biomarker development beyond this disease and this class of agents. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1955–64. ©2014 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 19
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. 4598-4598
    Abstract: 4598 Background: The gut microbiome is an emerging modifiable predictor of ICB efficacy. Diet impacts the gut microbiome and fiber intake is associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced melanoma treated with ICB. Whether diet impacts ICB benefit in mUC or mRCC remains unknown. Methods: Using a prospective cohort design, baseline dietary data were collected from pts with mUC or mRCC initiating ICB at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center using the extensively validated Harvard Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was estimated by next generation sequencing (MSK-IMPACT). The primary endpoint was radiologist assessed PFS, with secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS). Fiber intake was stratified as high or low using the median intake in our cohort. Associations between fiber intake and clinical outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves plus univariable (UV) and multivariable (MV) Cox proportional hazards regression. Models were adjusted for prior ICB exposure. Models for mUC controlled for TMB and Bellmunt risk factors. Models for mRCC controlled for histology (clear vs non-clear cell) and IMDC risk score. Results: From 2/2021-6/2022, 88 pts eligible for analysis were enrolled with median follow-up of 10.1 months (mo) (mUC n = 40; mRCC n = 48). Median fiber intake was 17.5 g/day (interquartile range 12.5-24.5). Among pts with mUC, high fiber intake (≥17.5 g/day) was associated with longer PFS (UV hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI 0.26-1.19, p = .13; MV HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.93, p = .03). Similar trends were observed for mRCC. In subgroup analyses, PFS was numerically longer with high fiber intake among mUC pts on maintenance avelumab (median PFS 6.1 vs 3.0 mo, n = 14) and in pts with mRCC treated with first-line (1L) ipilimumab + nivolumab (median PFS 18.0 vs 5.7 mo, n = 14) and 1L ICB + tyrosine kinase inhibitor (median PFS not reached vs 5.1 mo, n = 21). Among pts with mUC on non-maintenance ICB, pts with high fiber intake had numerically higher PFS at 6 mo (38% vs 14%, n = 26). Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that high fiber intake is associated with longer PFS among pts with mUC on ICB. Trends towards longer PFS and OS with high fiber intake were observed among pts with mRCC. Analyses of the gut microbiome are underway to investigate mechanisms of action. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 20
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. 4537-4537
    Abstract: 4537 Background: Identification of effective systemic therapy for non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a unmet need. We reported a two arm, phase 2 trial of cabozantinib plus nivolumab (CaboNivo) that showed promising efficacy in the treatment arm comprised primarily of papillary and unclassified histology. (Lee, JCO, 40: 2022). Herein, we report updated results with extended follow up. Methods: Patients had advanced non-clear cell RCC, 0 or 1 prior systemic therapies excluding prior immune checkpoint inhibitors, and measurable disease by RECIST. Cabo 40 mg/day plus Nivo 240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks was given for both arms. Arm 1 was comprised of papillary, unclassified, or translocation associated RCC; and Arm 2 had chromophobe RCC (closed early for lack of efficacy). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DOR) and safety. Arm 1 was a single stage design that met its primary endpoint and was expanded to produce more precise estimates of ORR. Correlative analyses by next generation sequencing were performed and will be presented. Results: A total of 40 patients were treated in Arm 1 (data cutoff: Dec 13, 2022). Median follow up time was 34 months (range 20, 51). Twenty-six patients (65%) were previously untreated, and 14 (35%) had 1 prior treatment line: 10 (25%) received prior VEGF-targeted therapy and 8 (20%) received prior mTOR-targeted therapy. ORR is 48% (95% CI 31.5–63.9). Median PFS is 13 months (95% CI: 7, 16). Progression-free survival is 51% (95% CI: 34, 65) at 12 months and 23% (95% CI: 11, 37) at 24 months. Median OS is 28 months (95% CI: 23, 43). Overall survival is 70% (95% CI: 53, 82) at 18 months and 44% (95% CI: 28, 60) at 36 months. PFS and OS were similar for previously treated and untreated patients. For responders, median DOR was 17 months (95% CI: 10, 36). Adverse effects of any grade were experienced by 35 patients (88%); grade 3/4 adverse events were experienced by 22 patients (55%). Grade 3/4 AST and ALT elevations were 18% and 23% respectively. Other common grade 3/4 adverse events were hypertension (5, 13%) and pain (4, 10%). Study therapy was discontinued in 9 patients (28%) for toxicity. Conclusions: Updated results with extended follow-up highlight efficacy and safety for CaboNivo in metastatic non-clear cell RCC pts with papillary, unclassified, or translocation associated histologies. Clinical trial information: NCT03635892 . [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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