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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diverted by dazzle: perceived movement direction is biased by target pattern orientation
    The Royal Society ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 284, No. 1850 ( 2017-03-15), p. 20170015-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 284, No. 1850 ( 2017-03-15), p. 20170015-
    Abstract: ‘Motion dazzle’ is the hypothesis that predators may misjudge the speed or direction of moving prey which have high-contrast patterning, such as stripes. However, there is currently little experimental evidence that such patterns cause visual illusions. Here, observers binocularly tracked a Gabor target, moving with a linear trajectory randomly chosen within 18° of the horizontal. This target then became occluded, and observers were asked to judge where they thought it would later cross a vertical line to the side. We found that internal motion of the stripes within the Gabor biased judgements as expected: Gabors with upwards internal stripe motion relative to the overall direction of motion were perceived to be crossing above Gabors with downwards internal stripe movement. However, surprisingly, we found a much stronger effect of the rigid pattern orientation. Patches with oblique stripes pointing upwards relative to the direction of motion were perceived to cross above patches with downward-pointing stripes. This effect occurred only at high speeds, suggesting that it may reflect an orientation-dependent effect in which spatial signals are used in direction judgements. These findings have implications for our understanding of motion dazzle mechanisms and how human motion and form processing interact.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0015
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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    Online Resource
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coding of the contrasts in natural images by visual cortex (V1) neurons: a Bayesian approach
    Optica Publishing Group ; 2003
    In:  Journal of the Optical Society of America A Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2003-07-01), p. 1253-
    Details
    In: Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optica Publishing Group, Vol. 20, No. 7 ( 2003-07-01), p. 1253-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1084-7529 , 1520-8532
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.20.001253
    Language: English
    Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2003
    SSG: 24,1
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    Online Resource
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxonomy of vision
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1984
    In:  Nature Vol. 309, No. 5963 ( 1984-5), p. 96-96
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 309, No. 5963 ( 1984-5), p. 96-96
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/309096b0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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    Online Resource
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contrast normalization contributes to a biologically-plausible model of receptive-field development in primary visual cortex (V1)
    Elsevier BV ; 2012
    In:  Vision Research Vol. 54 ( 2012-02), p. 49-60
    Details
    In: Vision Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 54 ( 2012-02), p. 49-60
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-6989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.12.008
    RVK:
    WW 1780
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    CP 2500
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011974-4
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling grating contrast discrimination dippers: The role of surround suppression
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Vision Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2017-11-01), p. 23-
    Details
    In: Journal of Vision, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2017-11-01), p. 23-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1534-7362
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1167/17.12.23
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106064-2
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    Online Resource
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying peripheral and foveal perceived differences in natural image patches to predict visual search performance
    Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Vision Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2016-08-26), p. 18-
    Details
    In: Journal of Vision, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2016-08-26), p. 18-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1534-7362
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1167/16.10.18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106064-2
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Camouflage and visual perception
    The Royal Society ; 2009
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 364, No. 1516 ( 2009-02-27), p. 449-461
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 364, No. 1516 ( 2009-02-27), p. 449-461
    Abstract: How does an animal conceal itself from visual detection by other animals? This review paper seeks to identify general principles that may apply in this broad area. It considers mechanisms of visual encoding, of grouping and object encoding, and of search. In most cases, the evidence base comes from studies of humans or species whose vision approximates to that of humans. The effort is hampered by a relatively sparse literature on visual function in natural environments and with complex foraging tasks. However, some general constraints emerge as being potentially powerful principles in understanding concealment—a ‘constraint’ here means a set of simplifying assumptions. Strategies that disrupt the unambiguous encoding of discontinuities of intensity (edges), and of other key visual attributes, such as motion, are key here. Similar strategies may also defeat grouping and object-encoding mechanisms. Finally, the paper considers how we may understand the processes of search for complex targets in complex scenes. The aim is to provide a number of pointers towards issues, which may be of assistance in understanding camouflage and concealment, particularly with reference to how visual systems can detect the shape of complex, concealed objects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0218
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Comparison of Natural-Image-Based Models of Simple-Cell Coding
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Perception Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1017-1040
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1017-1040
    Abstract: Models such as that of Olshausen and Field (O & F, 1997 Vision Research37 3311–3325) and principal components analysis (PCA) have been used to model simple-cell receptive fields, and to try to elucidate the statistical principles underlying visual coding in area V1. They connect the statistical structure of natural images with the statistical structure of the coding used in V1. The O & F model has created particular interest because the basis functions it produces resemble the receptive fields of simple cells. We evaluate these models in terms of their sparseness and dispersal, both of which have been suggested as desirable for efficient visual coding. However, both attributes have been defined ambiguously in the literature, and we have been obliged to formulate specific definitions in order to allow any comparison between models at all. We find that both attributes are strongly affected by any preprocessing (eg spectral pseudo-whitening or a logarithmic transformation) which is often applied to images before they are analysed by PCA or the O & F model. We also find that measures of sparseness are affected by the size of the filters—PCA filters with small receptive fields appear sparser than PCA filters with larger spatial extent. Finally, normalisation of the means and variances of filters influences measures of dispersal. It is necessary to control for all of these factors before making any comparisons between different models. Having taken these factors into account, we find that the code produced by the O & F model is somewhat sparser than the code produced by PCA. However, the difference is rather smaller than might have been expected, and a measure of dispersal is required to distinguish clearly between the two models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p2963
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discrimination of Spectrally Blended Natural Images: Optimisation of the Human Visual System for Encoding Natural Images
    SAGE Publications ; 2000
    In:  Perception Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1087-1100
    Details
    In: Perception, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 1087-1100
    Abstract: We have developed a protocol for testing experimentally the hypothesis that the human visual system is optimised for making visual discriminations amongst natural scenes. Visual stimuli were made by gradual blending of the Fourier spectra of digitised photographs of natural scenes. The statistics of the stimuli were made unnatural to varying degrees by changing the overall slopes of the amplitude spectra of the stimuli. Thresholds were measured for discriminating small amounts of spectral blending at different spectral slopes. We found that thresholds were lowest when the spectral slope was natural; thresholds were increased when the slopes were either shallower or steeper than natural. A number of spurious cues were considered, such as differences in mean luminance or overall spectral power or contrast between test and reference stimuli. Control experiments were performed to remove such spurious cues, and the discrimination thresholds were still lowest for stimuli that were most natural. Thus, these experiments do provide experimental support for the idea that human vision and the human visual system are optimised for processing natural visual information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-0066 , 1468-4233
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1068/p3015
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013004-1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of a multiscale color model for visual difference prediction
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2006
    In:  ACM Transactions on Applied Perception Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 155-178
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 155-178
    Abstract: How different are two images when viewed by a human observer? There is a class of computational models which attempt to predict perceived differences between subtly different images. These are derived from theoretical considerations of human vision and are mostly validated from psychophysical experiments on stimuli, such as sinusoidal gratings. We are developing a model of visual difference prediction, based on multiscale analysis of local contrast, to be tested with psychophysical discrimination experiments on natural-scene stimuli. Here, we extend our model to account for differences in the chromatic domain by modeling differences in the luminance domain and in two opponent chromatic domains. We describe psychophysical measurements of objective (discrimination thresholds) and subjective (magnitude estimations) perceptual differences between visual stimuli derived from colored photographs of natural scenes. We use one set of psychophysical data to determine the best parameters for the model and then determine the extent to which the model generalizes to other experimental data. In particular, we show that the cues from different spatial scales and from the separate luminance and chromatic channels contribute roughly equally to discrimination and that these several cues are combined in a relatively straightforward manner. In general, the model provides good predictions of both threshold and suprathreshold image differences arising from a wide variety of geometrical and optical manipulations. This implies that models of this class can be generally useful in specifying how different two similar images will look to human observers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1544-3558 , 1544-3965
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/1166087.1166089
    RVK:
    ST 320
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2155384-1
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