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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the first to fifth waves of infection: a report from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Infectious Diseases, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12-12)
    Abstract: We aimed to elucidate differences in the characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization in Japan, by COVID-19 waves, from conventional strains to the Delta variant. Methods We used secondary data from a database and performed a retrospective cohort study that included 3261 patients aged ≥ 18 years enrolled from 78 hospitals that participated in the Japan COVID-19 Task Force between February 2020 and September 2021. Results Patients hospitalized during the second (mean age, 53.2 years [standard deviation {SD}, ± 18.9]) and fifth (mean age, 50.7 years [SD ± 13.9] ) COVID-19 waves had a lower mean age than those hospitalized during the other COVID-19 waves. Patients hospitalized during the first COVID-19 wave had a longer hospital stay (mean, 30.3 days [SD ± 21.5], p  〈  0.0001), and post-hospitalization complications, such as bacterial infections (21.3%, p  〈  0.0001), were also noticeable. In addition, there was an increase in the use of drugs such as remdesivir/baricitinib/tocilizumab/steroids during the latter COVID-19 waves. In the fifth COVID-19 wave, patients exhibited a greater number of presenting symptoms, and a higher percentage of patients required oxygen therapy at the time of admission. However, the percentage of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was the highest in the first COVID-19 wave and the mortality rate was the highest in the third COVID-19 wave. Conclusions We identified differences in clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in each COVID-19 wave up to the fifth COVID-19 wave in Japan. The fifth COVID-19 wave was associated with greater disease severity on admission, the third COVID-19 wave had the highest mortality rate, and the first COVID-19 wave had the highest percentage of patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2334
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07927-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041550-3
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Vol. 609, No. 7928 ( 2022-09-22), p. 754-760
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 609, No. 7928 ( 2022-09-22), p. 754-760
    Abstract: Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge 1–5 . Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2,393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3,289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene ( DOCK2 ), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis ( n  = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05163-5
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Single-cell analyses and host genetics highlight the role of innate immune cells in COVID-19 severity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Genetics Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 753-767
    Details
    In: Nature Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 753-767
    Abstract: Mechanisms underpinning the dysfunctional immune response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are elusive. We analyzed single-cell transcriptomes and T and B cell receptors (BCR) of 〉 895,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 75 healthy controls of Japanese ancestry with host genetic data. COVID-19 patients showed a low fraction of nonclassical monocytes (ncMono). We report downregulated cell transitions from classical monocytes to ncMono in COVID-19 with reduced CXCL10 expression in ncMono in severe disease. Cell–cell communication analysis inferred decreased cellular interactions involving ncMono in severe COVID-19. Clonal expansions of BCR were evident in the plasmablasts of patients. Putative disease genes identified by COVID-19 genome-wide association study showed cell type-specific expressions in monocytes and dendritic cells. A COVID-19-associated risk variant at the IFNAR2 locus (rs13050728) had context-specific and monocyte-specific expression quantitative trait loci effects. Our study highlights biological and host genetic involvement of innate immune cells in COVID-19 severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-4036 , 1546-1718
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01375-1
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494946-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of febuxostat on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a sub analysis of the PRIZE Study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Hypertension Research Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 106-115
    Details
    In: Hypertension Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 45, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 106-115
    Abstract: Hyperuricemia is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular events from a meta-analysis and antihyperuricemia agents may influence to cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of febuxostat on echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia as a prespecified endpoint in the subanalysis of the PRIZE study. Patients in the PRIZE study were assigned randomly to either add-on febuxostat treatment group or control group with only appropriate lifestyle modification. Of the 514 patients in the overall study, 65 patients (31 in the febuxostat group and 34 in the control group) who had complete follow-up echocardiographic data of the ratio of peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E) to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) at baseline and after 12 and 24 months were included. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the changes in the E/e′ between the two groups from baseline to 24 months. Interestingly, e′ was slightly decreased in the control group compared with in the febuxostat group (treatment p  = 0.068, time, p  = 0.337, treatment × Time, p  = 0.217). As a result, there were significant increases in E/e′ (treatment p  = 0.045, time, p  = 0.177, treatment × time, p  = 0.137) after 24 months in the control group compared with the febuxostat group. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitive troponin I between the two groups during the study period. In conclusions, additional febuxostat treatment in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia for 24 months might have a potential of preventable effects on the impaired diastolic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0916-9636 , 1348-4214
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00752-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2110941-2
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ARDS clinical practice guideline 2021
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  Respiratory Investigation Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 446-495
    Details
    In: Respiratory Investigation, Elsevier BV, Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2022-07), p. 446-495
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2212-5345
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.05.003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2660821-2
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 621, No. 7977 ( 2023-09-07), p. E7-E26
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 621, No. 7977 ( 2023-09-07), p. E7-E26
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06355-3
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interictal epileptiform discharges as a predictive biomarker for recurrence of poststroke epilepsy
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Brain Communications Vol. 4, No. 6 ( 2022-11-02)
    Details
    In: Brain Communications, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 4, No. 6 ( 2022-11-02)
    Abstract: Poststroke epilepsy is a major ischaemic/haemorrhagic stroke complication. Seizure recurrence risk estimation and early therapeutic intervention are critical, given the association of poststroke epilepsy with worse functional outcomes, quality of life and greater mortality. Several studies have reported risk factors for seizure recurrence; however, in poststroke epilepsy, the role of EEG in predicting the risk of seizures remains unclear. This multicentre observational study aimed to clarify whether EEG findings constitute a risk factor for seizure recurrence in patients with poststroke epilepsy. Patients with poststroke epilepsy were recruited from the PROgnosis of POst-Stroke Epilepsy study, an observational multicentre cohort study. The enrolled patients with poststroke epilepsy were those admitted at selected hospitals between November 2014 and June 2017. All patients underwent EEG during the interictal period during admission to each hospital and were monitored for seizure recurrence over 1 year. Board-certified neurologists or epileptologists evaluated all EEG findings. We investigated the relationship between EEG findings and seizure recurrence. Among 187 patients with poststroke epilepsy (65 were women with a median age of 75 years) admitted to the lead hospital, 48 (25.7%) had interictal epileptiform discharges on EEG. During the follow-up period (median, 397 days; interquartile range, 337–450 days), interictal epileptiform discharges were positively correlated with seizure recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–6.97; P & lt; 0.01). The correlation remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, severity of stroke, type of stroke and generation of antiseizure medications. We detected periodic discharges in 39 patients (20.9%), and spiky/sharp periodic discharges were marginally associated with seizure recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–3.69; P = 0.08). Analysis of a validation cohort comprising 187 patients with poststroke epilepsy from seven other hospitals corroborated the association between interictal epileptiform discharges and seizure recurrence. We verified that interictal epileptiform discharges are a risk factor for seizure recurrence in patients with poststroke epilepsy. Routine EEG may facilitate the estimation of seizure recurrence risk and the development of therapeutic regimens for poststroke epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-1297
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac312
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3020013-1
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Vol. 600, No. 7889 ( 2021-12-16), p. 472-477
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 600, No. 7889 ( 2021-12-16), p. 472-477
    Abstract: The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1,2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3–7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness progression in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: insights from the PRIZE study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-07-05)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-07-05)
    Abstract: Hyperuricemia is reportedly associated with the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate of cardiovascular risks and events. However, factors associated with carotid IMT progression in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia are largely unknown. In this post-hoc analysis of the multicenter, randomized PRIZE study, we analyzed data from a total of 326 patients who underwent carotid ultrasonography in a blind manner at baseline and 24 months to evaluate carotid IMT. Mean and maximum IMT at the common carotid artery (CCA) were measured at a central core laboratory. Factors related to the absolute change in mean and maximum IMT from baseline to 24 months were explored. Overall, the adjusted mean [0.0032 (− 0.0214 to 0.0278) mm] and maximum [0.0011 (− 0.0327 to 0.0351) mm] CCA-IMT increased numerically from baseline to 24 months. Multivariable analysis identified higher body mass index, history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and lower mean CCA-IMT at baseline as significant factors associated with the increase in mean CCA-IMT. In addition, older age and lower mean CCA-IMT at baseline were significant factors for an increased absolute change in the maximum CCA-IMT at 24 months. The present sub-analysis of the PRIZE study showed higher body mass index, history of ASCVD, and older age as significant factors associated with CCA-IMT progression in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. These factors may be considered when identifying the possible risk of atherosclerotic progression in this specific patient population of hyperuricemia. Trial registration: UMIN000012911 and UMIN000041322.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37183-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 20
    Online Resource
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    ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Intensive Care Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-07-08)
    Details
    In: Journal of Intensive Care, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-07-08)
    Abstract: The joint committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Japanese Respiratory Society/Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine on ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline has created and released the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021. Methods The 2016 edition of the Clinical Practice Guideline covered clinical questions (CQs) that targeted only adults, but the present guideline includes 15 CQs for children in addition to 46 CQs for adults. As with the previous edition, we used a systematic review method with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system as well as a degree of recommendation determination method. We also conducted systematic reviews that used meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy and network meta-analyses as a new method. Results Recommendations for adult patients with ARDS are described: we suggest against using serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels to identify bacterial pneumonia as the underlying disease (GRADE 2D); we recommend limiting tidal volume to 4–8 mL/kg for mechanical ventilation (GRADE 1D); we recommend against managements targeting an excessively low SpO 2 (PaO 2 ) (GRADE 2D); we suggest against using transpulmonary pressure as a routine basis in positive end-expiratory pressure settings (GRADE 2B); we suggest implementing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for those with severe ARDS (GRADE 2B); we suggest against using high-dose steroids (GRADE 2C); and we recommend using low-dose steroids (GRADE 1B). The recommendations for pediatric patients with ARDS are as follows: we suggest against using non-invasive respiratory support (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation/high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy) (GRADE 2D), we suggest placing pediatric patients with moderate ARDS in the prone position (GRADE 2D), we suggest against routinely implementing NO inhalation therapy (GRADE 2C), and we suggest against implementing daily sedation interruption for pediatric patients with respiratory failure (GRADE 2D). Conclusions This article is a translated summary of the full version of the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 published in Japanese (URL: https://www.jsicm.org/publication/guideline.html ). The original text, which was written for Japanese healthcare professionals, may include different perspectives from healthcare professionals of other countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-0492
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40560-022-00615-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2739853-5
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