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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2012
    In:  Energy Procedia Vol. 20 ( 2012), p. 402-413
    In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20 ( 2012), p. 402-413
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1876-6102
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2490671-2
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  • 12
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 20 ( 2020-10-21), p. 5522-
    Abstract: The transition process towards renewable energy systems is facing challenges in both fluctuating electricity generation of photovoltaic and wind power as well as socio-economic disruptions. With regard to sector integration, solutions need to be developed, especially for the mobility and the industry sector, because their ad hoc electrification and decarbonization seem to be unfeasible. Power-to-fuel (P2F) technologies may contribute to bridge the gap, as renewable energy can be transferred into hydrogen and hydrocarbon-based synthetic fuels. However, the renewable fuels production is far from economically competitive with conventional fuels. With a newly developed agent-based model, potential developments in the German energy markets were simulated for a horizon of 20 years from 2016 to 2035. The model was constructed through a participatory modeling process with relevant actors and stakeholders in the field. Model findings suggest that adjusted regulatory framework conditions (e.g., exemptions from electricity surtaxes, accurate prices for CO2-certificates, strong start-up subsidies, and drastic emission reduction quotas) are key factors for economically feasible P2F installations and will contribute to its large-scale integration into the German energy system. While plant capacities do not exceed 0.042 GW in a business-as-usual scenarios, the above-mentioned adjustments lead to plant capacities of at least 3.25 GW in 2035 with concurrent reduction in product prices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 13
    In: Energy Research & Social Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 51 ( 2019-05), p. 187-197
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2214-6296
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2763226-X
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Resources Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2014-03-14), p. 291-318
    In: Resources, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2014-03-14), p. 291-318
    Abstract: Metal mobilization in general, as well as the number of metals used in products to increase performance and provide sometimes unique functionalities, has increased steadily in the past decades. Materials, such as indium, gallium, platinum group metals (PGM), and rare earths (RE), are used ever more frequently in high-tech applications and their criticality as a function of economic importance and supply risks has been highlighted in various studies. Nevertheless, recycling rates are often below one percent. Against this background, secondary flows of critical metals from three different end-of-life products up to 2020 are modeled and losses along the products’ end-of-life (EOL) chain are identified. Two established applications of PGM and RE–industrial catalysts and thermal barrier coatings–and CIGS photovoltaic cells as a relatively new product have been analyzed. In addition to a quantification of future EOL flows, the analysis showed that a relatively well working recycling system exists for PGM-bearing catalysts, while a complete loss of critical metals occurs for the other applications. The reasons include a lack of economic incentives, technologically caused material dissipation and other technological challenges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9276
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682482-6
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 461-462 ( 2013-09), p. 774-780
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 461-462 ( 2013-09), p. 774-780
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oekom Publishers GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2017-11-30), p. 22-
    In: Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift, Oekom Publishers GmbH, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2017-11-30), p. 22-
    Abstract: Durch den verstärkten Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik im Bereich der Energie versorgung wird diese verwundbarer gegenüber Ausfällen und Störungen. Um dies zu verhindern, sind Veränderungen notwendig, die fundamentale Aspekte der Systemarchitektur betreffen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1430-8800
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oekom Publishers GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2186180-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1309500-6
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 20,1
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emerald ; 2008
    In:  Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2008-06-13), p. 487-492
    In: Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Emerald, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2008-06-13), p. 487-492
    Abstract: The paper attempts to address both resource consumption and recycling effectiveness, using concepts from thermodynamics: entropy production for evaluating the costs (resource consumption) and statistical entropy for evaluating the benefits (separation of materials) of recycling processes. Design/methodology/approach Resource consumption, in this context, is to be understood as the overall thermodynamic devaluation of matter and energy flows. The recycling effectiveness, on the other hand, can be measured by the process's ability to reduce the “mixedness” of the material flows, using statistical entropy (entropy of mixing) as an indicator. Statistical entropy has been used by others as an indicator for the performance of waste separation processes, and its application to metal recycling seems straightforward. Entropy production has been applied as a measure for resource consumption in copper production. Here, the two concepts are combined to reach an expression describing the resource efficiency of recycling. Findings The theoretical description of the approach is supported by an example calculation for copper recycling. The findings suggest a near perfect effectiveness of the copper separation when processing medium grade copper scrap in a primary copper smelter. The resource consumption, on the other hand, is quite large when compared to the service of the process, giving rise to a rather small thermodynamic efficiency (in terms of the definition of efficiency as applied in this paper). Research limitations/implications Both measures used here, recycling efficiency and recycling effectiveness, are very demanding concerning the data basis, making applications time consuming. These drawbacks can be overcome by linking material flow tools (e.g. LCA software) with thermodynamic databases. More examples have to be considered to show the practical relevance of the approach. Originality/value The paper addresses effectiveness and efficiency using a common denominator, thermodynamic entropy. This unification helps in ranking different recycling options regarding their performance in terms of technical effectiveness and resource consumption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-7835
    Language: English
    Publisher: Emerald
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2109970-4
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 18
    In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2013-12), p. 846-858
    Abstract: In this article, we present methodology and results of a vulnerability assessment of the energy system of the metropolitan region Bremen‐Oldenburg in Northwest Germany. This work is part of the regional climate adaptation project “nordwest2050” aiming at innovative solutions toward a climate‐proof and resilient region. Methodologically, we extended the established vulnerability assessment based on climate change impacts by a structural analysis, highlighting general weaknesses of the metropolitan energy system. Our findings indicate that the structural vulnerabilities of the energy system around Bremen‐Oldenburg pose a greater threat to maintaining the system's services than climate change itself. Climate‐change–based vulnerabilities, however, aggravate many of the structural vulnerabilities and therefore demand attention in their own right. The structural vulnerabilities mainly originate from political and regulatory uncertainties, turbulent market conditions, conflicts along the supply chains, and the current dynamics in the energy sector induced by increased climate mitigation efforts. One of our main conclusions is thus that the metropolitan energy system's capabilities to handle turbulence, perturbations, and surprises must be improved. This will also help in reducing the climate‐change vulnerabilities, because such a system is better equipped when facing currently hard‐to‐predict changes in climate parameters. The results of the assessment described here will be used as the starting point to find options for innovations toward a climate‐proof and resilient energy system for the region in the course of the remaining project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-1980 , 1530-9290
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035542-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1397149-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2009-08), p. 639-642
    In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2009-08), p. 639-642
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-1980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035542-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1397149-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oekom Publishers GmbH ; 2020
    In:  TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 23-29
    In: TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis, Oekom Publishers GmbH, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2020-04-01), p. 23-29
    Abstract: Power systems are undergoing a profound transformation towards cyber- physical systems. Disruptive changes due to energy system transition and the complexity of the interconnected systems expose the power system to new, unknown, and unpredictable risks. To identify the critical points, a vulnerability assessment was conducted, involving experts from the power as well as the information and communication technologies (ICT) sectors. Weaknesses were identified, e. g., the lack of policy enforcement, which are worsened by the unreadiness of the actors involved. Due to the complex dynamics of ICT, it is infeasible to keep a complete inventory of potential stressors to define appropriate preparation and prevention mechanisms. Therefore, we suggest applying a resilience management approach to increase the resilience of the system. It aims at better riding through failures rather than building higher walls. We conclude that building resilience in cyber-physical power systems is feasible and helps in preparing for the unexpected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2567-8833 , 2568-020X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oekom Publishers GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2902801-2
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