Abstract: This paper studies the effects of an air bubble curtain on surface water waves. Water particle velocities and free surface elevations were measured simultaneously at two cross-shore locations downstream of the air bubble curtain. Measurements were carried out for regular waves using different air bubble curtain configurations. Free surface elevations were measured using resistive gauges and the instantaneous velocities were acquired using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The characteristics of the free surface elevation time series, velocity field and turbulence are analyzed and discussed. The free surface elevation was found to be attenuated by the air bubble curtains. The phase averaged velocity profiles also depict the effect of the air bubbles in the flow field by generating milder longitudinal velocities (u) and by increasing the transverse component of the velocity (w). The increase in the turbulence intensity and the different energy spectrum produced by the air bubble curtain is also observed. The experimental results indicate that the thickness of the air bubble curtain and the total air flow rate affects the wave field.

Abstract: Introduction: The evaluation of the sentinel lymph node in the surgical treatment of initial breast cancer has been widely used. To identify the lymph node, patent blue dye or technetium radiopharmaceutical can be used. However, there have been reports of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to the blue patent dye (mean incidence of 1.8%), in some cases, severe, with severe hemodynamic repercussions that require vasoactive drugs. This frequency is higher than that of hypersensitivity reactions observed during anesthetic procedures. Therefore, we reported a case of allergic reaction to patent blue in the intraoperative period after periareolar subcutaneous injection. Case description: Female, 56-year old patient. Four months before, she presented with pleomorphic grouped calcifications in the upper quadrants of the left breast (Category 4) in mammography and ultrasound, increasing in the past 2 years. A stereotactic biopsy was performed, and showed a lesion compatible with carcinoma in situ, G3, G3 nuclear grade. She underwent a segmental resection of the left breast, with search for sentinel lymph node under general anesthesia induced by fentanyl, propofol and atracurium, maintained with sevoflurane, 50% of O2 and 50% of Ar. About 15 minutes after the patent blue injection, the patient had sudden tachycardia (HR=122bmp) and arterial hypotension (BP 80x40), simultaneously with the appearance of erythematous papules with bluish core in the trunk, abdomen and limbs. She was treated with volume replacement (500ml of Ringer’s Lactate solution) and vasopressor (Ephedrine, 15 micrograms). Ranitidine, diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone were administered. She was hemodynamically stable. Five hours after the end of the surgery, she was on complete remission. The anatomopathological examination showed carcinoma in situ, sentinel lymph node and free margins, tumor measuring 1.5x0.6 cm. Immunohistochemical test showed invasive ductal carcinoma with extensive intraductal component, 80% ER, negative HER-2, and 40% ki67 – Luminal B. She is still undergoing radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Conclusions: The reaction was manifested by tachycardia, hypotension and skin changes. She presented good response to volume replacement and vasopressor, and was in full remission after 5 hours.

Abstract: O objetivo geral do presente estudo é compreender, a partir da tecnologia de reconhecimento facial pela região dos olhos, suas implicações à democracia. Quanto ao problema de pesquisa, este pode ser apresentado pela pergunta: de que maneira as novas possibilidades de reconhecimento facial, a partir da região olhos, podem apresentar riscos de interferência a elementos considerados inerentes à democracia? O método de abordagem utilizado é o indutivo. Como parte das conclusões, registra-se que essa discussão ganhou um novo capítulo com o advento do reconhecimento facial pela região periocular, o que pode tornar inócua a futura decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal.

Abstract: Herein is described the development of a ludical activity in Paleontology with the purpose to apply the concepts of the geological time and the processes that occurred along the history of the Earth. This activity, that was teste in the event "Bio na Rua" of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, consisted on the use of didactic panels concerning paleontological themes, geological time chart, fossil and ichnofossil concepts, the development of a board game showing the Earth history and origami workshops.

Abstract: Monitoring technology may assist in managing self-injurious behavior (SIB), a pervasive concern in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Affiliated stakeholder perspectives should be considered to design effective and accepted SIB monitoring methods. We examined caregiver experiences to generate design guidance for SIB monitoring technology. Materials and Methods Twenty-three educators and 16 parents of individuals with ASD and SIB completed interviews or focus groups to discuss needs related to monitoring SIB and associated technology use. Results Qualitative content analysis of participant responses revealed 7 main themes associated with SIB and technology: triggers, emotional responses, SIB characteristics, management approaches, caregiver impact, child/student impact, and sensory/technology preferences. Discussion The derived themes indicated areas of emphasis for design at the intersection of monitoring and SIB. Systems design at this intersection should consider the range of manifestations of and management approaches for SIB. It should also attend to interactions among children with SIB, their caregivers, and the technology. Design should prioritize the transferability of physical technology and behavioral data as well as the safety, durability, and sensory implications of technology. Conclusions The collected stakeholder perspectives provide preliminary groundwork for an SIB monitoring system responsive to needs as articulated by caregivers. Technology design based on this groundwork should follow an iterative process that meaningfully engages caregivers and individuals with SIB in naturalistic settings.

Abstract: Performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of children can be a difficult task, as participants tend to move while being scanned. Head motion represents a significant confound in fMRI connectivity analyses. One approach to limit motion has been to use shorter MRI protocols, though this reduces the reliability of results. Hence, there is a need to implement methods to achieve high-quality, low-motion data while not sacrificing data quantity. Here we show that by using a mock scan protocol prior to a scan, in conjunction with other in-scan steps (weighted blanket and incentive system), it is possible to achieve low-motion fMRI data in pediatric participants (age range: 7–17 years old) undergoing a 60 min MRI session. We also observe that motion is low during the MRI protocol in a separate replication group of participants, including some with autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, the results indicate it is possible to conduct long scan protocols in difficult-to-scan populations and still achieve high-quality data, thus potentially allowing more reliable fMRI findings.

Abstract: Self-injurious behavior (SIB), such as head banging or self-hitting, is considered one of the most dangerous characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Mahatmya, Zobel, & Valdovinos, 2008). Clinicians traditionally rely on structured observation, which can be time-consuming and invasive. Recent technological developments in motion tracking may decrease these burdens. For example, accelerometers in smart watches can gather movement information, which could be automatically classified to detect and predict events associated with SIB using machine learning algorithms. While such systems have clear potential to objectively, accurately, and efficiently monitor and predict SIB, this potential will not be fully realized unless devices are adopted and integrated into clinics and homes. The lack of user input when designing home-based technological interventions for ASD likely contributes to the fact that technology has been rarely, if at all, implemented. In ongoing work, we included stakeholders before design is complete, and embraced a user-centered perspective by evaluating user needs and translating them into system requirements (Karsh, Weinger, Abbott, & Wears, 2010). To this end, we evaluated stakeholder perspectives regarding monitoring technology for SIB in children with ASD. Sixteen parents (age 31-62, M = 45.1 ± 8.1 years) with children (age 6-26, M = 14.1 ± 6.7 years) with ASD and SIB were engaged in individual or group interviews to assess needs and challenges associated with SIB. Interviews with broad and open-ended questions were conducted to allow for response variability that may decrease in larger groups. Questions spanned several aspects of SIB and its management, as well as current and projected technology use. Parents discussed perceived benefits and challenges of different technologies, such as smart watches and video cameras, as related to tracking movement associated with SIB. Data from the first six interviews influenced a second version of interview questions to reflect participant responses. Qualitative content analysis was used to organize the responses into seven main themes surrounding experiences of SIB and technology: (1) triggers, (2) emotional responses, (3) SIB characteristics, (4) management strategies, (5) caregiver impact, (6) child impact, and (7) preferred sensory stimuli (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). Data were cross-coded with two underlying themes of (8) uncertainty and (9) state of experience. Critical to preserving the original interview content, categories and themes were derived directly from the data rather than from predetermined topics (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005). The derived themes were related to the needs and challenges of SIB, and they were then interpreted to determine design considerations for monitoring methods. Parents described changes in SIB, and they often associated these changes with either child-specific variables (e.g., maturity, medical concerns) or environment-specific variables (e.g., time, new triggers). The variety of triggers and behaviors and the high likelihood of these parameters changing require adaptive monitoring technology capable of learning new behavioral patterns. Tracking systems should be customizable to accommodate the strong presence of variability (Cabibihan, Javed, Aldosari, Frazier, & Elbashir, 2017) and to support patient and contextual variability, which is an opportunity for human factors research through the patient work lens (Valdez, Holden, Novak, & Veinot, 2014). Participants also expressed a shared deficit in resources, referring to both a lack of available technology and information. Monitoring system design should therefore employ affordable, accessible technology while empowering caregivers to access interpretable data. Whether devices are embedded in the environment or attached to a child, parents prefer mitigating required input because of their already high levels of stress, discussed within the caregiver impact theme. Parents mentioned that their typical schedules afforded limited time for data collection, which indicates the designed system should require a limited number of quick interactions. Automated and manual options (Valdez et al., 2014) may address both the need to reduce workload, a factor affecting patient work (Holden, Valdez, Schubert, Thompson, & Hundt, 2017), and the need to increase control when monitoring SIB. The findings from this study and the resulting design implications provide a foundation for future technology development. It is expected that early-stage user involvement will encourage acceptance of this monitoring technology (Panchanathan & McDaniel, 2015; Veryzer & Borja de Mozota, 2005). Users will continue to participate throughout the design process. Careful consideration of the user may lead to accepted and adopted health technology with both efficiency and accuracy in detecting SIB. Results from this study highlight the importance of parent consideration in the health technology space for children with disabilities, particularly when parents participate in management methods. Further, this research contributes to an underexplored domain of qualitative human factors applied to disability and design. Future work could employ human factors approaches, such as contextual inquiries (Marcu et al., 2013) reflecting the patient work framework, to evaluate child and parent needs within the home setting. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (to the first author) and a 4-VA Collaborative Research Grant (to RSV). However, neither agency had any involvement in data analysis or interpretation.

Abstract:  O presO presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o hábito alimentar, o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e sua correlação com o estado nutricional de escolares da rede privada em Teresina - PI. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal, uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, exploratória, quantitativa, realizada com 82 crianças de 7 a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos, no período de maio de 2019. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com parecer 3.158.930. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, tabulados no Excel 2016 e analisados no SPSS (versão, 20.0) e analisados dois recordatórios de 24 horas para verificação do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, utilizando o software Dietbox. Usou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para as variáveis qualitativas e o teste t Student para amostras pareadas com o intuito de verificar diferenças de proporções entre os dados adotando em ambos os testes um nível de significância de p 〈 0,05. Destacou-se a ocorrência de 24,4% de crianças (n=20) com sobrepeso/obesidade; 12,2% dos escolares (n=10) com excesso de adiposidade abdominal, fator que indica risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Os escolares apresentaram uma maior frequência no consumo de sucos industrializados, leite em pó, seguido dos bolos e biscoitos doces, achocolatado em pó e embutidos. Constatou-se que embora existiu um alto consumo de ultraprocessados, não foram encontradas relações significativas entre o estado nutricional e o consumo desses alimentos. Também foram obeservados taxas de sobrepeso/obesidade e excessos de gordura abdominal preocupantes, visto seu fator importante para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.