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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In‐Liquid Plasma for Surface Engineering of Cu Electrodes with Incorporated SiO 2 Nanoparticles: From Micro to Nano
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Advanced Functional Materials Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2022-02)
    Details
    In: Advanced Functional Materials, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: A robust and efficient route to modify the chemical and physical properties of polycrystalline copper (Cu) wires via versatile plasma electrolysis is presented. Silica (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles (11 nm) are introduced during the electrolysis to tailor the surface structure of the Cu electrode. The influence of these SiO 2 nanoparticles on the structure of the Cu electrodes during plasma electrolysis over a wide array of applied voltages and processing time is investigated systematically. Homogeneously distributed 3D coral‐like microstructures are observed by scanning electron microscopy on the Cu surface after the in‐liquid plasma treatment. These 3D microstructures grow with increasing plasma processing time. Interestingly, the microstructured copper electrode is composed of CuO as a thin outer layer and a significant amount of inner Cu 2 O. Furthermore, the oxide film thickness (between 1 and 70 µm), the surface morphology, and the chemical composition can be tuned by controlling the plasma parameters. Remarkably, the fabricated microstructures can be transformed to nanospheres assembled in coral‐like microstructures by a simple electrochemical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1616-301X , 1616-3028
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adfm.v32.6
    DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107058
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029061-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039420-2
    SSG: 11
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 60, No. 42 ( 2021-10-11), p. 22783-22790
    Details
    In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 42 ( 2021-10-11), p. 22783-22790
    Abstract: While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well‐defined standard for non‐aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D‐printed micro‐reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non‐aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non‐aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl‐electrode. For the non‐aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro‐reference electrodes is leak‐tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1433-7851 , 1521-3773
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/anie.v60.42
    DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105871
    RVK:
    VA 2100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011836-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 123227-7
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating Upper Silesian coal mine methane emissions from airborne in situ observations and dispersion modeling
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2021-06-10), p. 8791-8807
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2021-06-10), p. 8791-8807
    Abstract: Abstract. Abundant mining and industrial activities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) lead to large emissions of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). The strong localization of CH4 emitters (mostly confined to known coal mine ventilation shafts) and the large emissions of 448 and 720 kt CH4 yr−1 reported in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR 2017) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2), respectively, make the USCB a prime research target for validating and improving CH4 flux estimation techniques. High-precision observations of this GHG were made downwind of local (e.g., single facilities) to regional-scale (e.g., agglomerations) sources in the context of the CoMet 1.0 campaign in early summer 2018. A quantum cascade–interband cascade laser (QCL–ICL)-based spectrometer adapted for airborne research was deployed aboard the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cessna 208B to sample the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in situ. Regional CH4 emission estimates for the USCB are derived using a model approach including assimilated wind soundings from three ground-based Doppler lidars. Although retrieving estimates for individual emitters is difficult using only single flights due to sparse data availability, the combination of two flights allows for exploiting different meteorological conditions (analogous to a sparse tomography algorithm) to establish confidence on facility-level estimates. Emission rates from individual sources not only are needed for unambiguous comparisons between bottom-up and top-down inventories but also become indispensable if (independently verifiable) sanctions are to be imposed on individual companies emitting GHGs. An uncertainty analysis is presented for both the regional-scale and facility-level emission estimates. We find instantaneous coal mine emission estimates of 451/423 ± 77/79 kt CH4 yr−1 for the morning/afternoon flight of 6 June 2018. The derived fuel-exploitation emission rates coincide (±6 %) with annual-average inventorial data from E-PRTR 2017 although they are distinctly lower (−28 %/−32 %) than values reported in EDGAR v4.3.2. Discrepancies in available emission inventories could potentially be narrowed down with sufficient observations using the method described herein to bridge the gap between instantaneous emission estimates and yearly averaged inventories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-8791-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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