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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Impact Extratropical Cyclones along the Northeast Coast of the United States in a Long Coupled Climate Model Simulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 7 ( 2019-04-01), p. 2131-2143
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 7 ( 2019-04-01), p. 2131-2143
    Abstract: High-impact extratropical cyclones (ETCs) cause considerable damage along the northeast coast of the United States through strong winds and inundation, but these relatively rare events are difficult to analyze owing to limited historical records. Using a 1505-yr simulation from the GFDL FLOR coupled model, statistical analyses of extreme events are performed including exceedance probability computations to compare estimates from shorter segments to estimates that could be obtained from a record of considerable length. The most extreme events possess characteristics including exceptionally low central pressure, hurricane-force winds, and a large surge potential, which would greatly impact nearby regions. Return level estimates of metrics of ETC intensity using shorter, historical-length segments of the FLOR simulation are underestimated compared to levels determined using the full simulation. This indicates that if the underlying distributions of observed ETC metrics are similar to those of the 1505-yr FLOR distributions, the actual frequency of extreme ETC events could also be underestimated. Comparisons between FLOR and reanalysis products suggest that not all features of simulated high-impact ETCs are representative of observations. Spatial track densities are similar, but FLOR exhibits a negative bias in central pressure and a positive bias in wind speed, particularly for more intense events. Although the existence of these model biases precludes the quantitative use of model-derived return statistics as a substitute for those derived from shorter observational records, this work suggests that statistics from future models of higher fidelity could be used to better constrain the probability of extreme ETC events and their impacts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0376.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Twentieth-century temperature and precipitation trends in ensemble climate simulations including natural and anthropogenic forcing : TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION TRENDS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 108, No. D24 ( 2003-12-27), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 108, No. D24 ( 2003-12-27), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2003JD003812
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 13
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    Online Resource
    Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere cooling : ITCZ RESPONSE TO N. HEMISPHERE COOLING
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2006-01-16), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2006-01-16), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2005GL024546
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 14
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    Two annual cycles of the Pacific cold tongue under orbital precession
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Vol. 611, No. 7935 ( 2022-11-10), p. 295-300
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 611, No. 7935 ( 2022-11-10), p. 295-300
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05240-9
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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    SSG: 11
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  • 15
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    Using Single-Forcing GCM Simulations to Reconstruct and Interpret Quaternary Climate Change
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 24 ( 2015-12-15), p. 9746-9767
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 24 ( 2015-12-15), p. 9746-9767
    Abstract: The long-term climate variations of the Quaternary were primarily influenced by concurrent changes in Earth’s orbit, greenhouse gases, and ice sheets. However, because climate changes over the coming century will largely be driven by changes in greenhouse gases alone, it is important to better understand the separate contributions of each of these forcings in the past. To investigate this, idealized equilibrium simulations are conducted in which the climate is driven by separate changes in obliquity, precession, CO2, and ice sheets. To test the linearity of past climate change, anomalies from these single-forcing experiments are scaled and summed to compute linear reconstructions of past climate, which are then compared to mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum (LGM) snapshot simulations, where all forcings are applied together, as well as proxy climate records. This comparison shows that much of the climate response may be approximated as a linear response to forcings, while some features, such as modeled changes in sea ice and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), appear to be heavily influenced by nonlinearities. In regions where the linear reconstructions replicate the full-forcing experiments well, this analysis can help identify how each forcing contributes to the climate response. Monsoons at the mid-Holocene respond strongly to precession, while LGM monsoons are heavily influenced by the altered greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Contrary to previous studies, ice sheets produce pronounced tropical cooling at the LGM. Compared to proxy temperature records, the linear reconstructions replicate long-term changes well and also show which climate variations are not easily explained as direct responses to long-term forcings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0329.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 16
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    Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model to Different Radiative Forcing Agents: Global and Zonal Mean Response
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2008-09-01), p. 4399-4423
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2008-09-01), p. 4399-4423
    Abstract: The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The experiments are carried out by altering each forcing agent separately. Realistic spatial patterns of forcing constituents are applied but the magnitude of the forcing is adjusted so that each forcing constituent yields approximately the same strength of radiative forcing. It is demonstrated that the global mean temperature response depends on the types of forcing agents and the efficacy with respect to CO2 forcing ranges from 58% to 100%. The smallest efficacy is seen in one of the black carbon experiments and is associated with negative cloud feedback. The sign of the cloud feedback is shown to be sensitive to the vertical distribution of black carbon. The feedback analysis suggests that the small efficacy in tropospheric ozone is due to a large negative lapse rate feedback. Global mean precipitation increases when the earth warms except for the case of black carbon in which precipitation decreases. In all experiments, the global mean convective mass flux decreases when the earth’s surface warms. When the applied radiative forcing resulting from a particular forcing agent is stronger in one hemisphere, anomalous heat exchange between the hemispheres results in conjunction with changes in the Hadley circulation. The magnitude of interhemispheric heat transport is little sensitive to the details of the forcing, but is determined primarily by the interhemispheric contrast in forcing. The change in the Hadley circulation strongly impacts the precipitation changes in low latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2172.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Observed Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Temperature Extremes over North America
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 20 ( 2012-10-15), p. 7266-7281
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 20 ( 2012-10-15), p. 7266-7281
    Abstract: Motivated by a desire to understand the physical mechanisms involved in future anthropogenic changes in extreme temperature events, the key atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme daily temperatures over North America in the current climate are identified. The findings show that warm extremes at most locations are associated with positive 500-hPa geopotential height and sea level pressure anomalies just downstream with negative anomalies farther upstream. The orientation, physical characteristics, and spatial scale of these circulation patterns vary based on latitude, season, and proximity to important geographic features (i.e., mountains, coastlines). The anomaly patterns associated with extreme cold events tend to be similar to, but opposite in sign of, those associated with extreme warm events, especially within the westerlies, and tend to scale with temperature in the same locations. Circulation patterns aloft are more coherent across the continent than those at the surface where local surface features influence the occurrence of and patterns associated with extreme temperature days. Temperature extremes may be more sensitive to small shifts in circulation at locations where temperature is strongly influenced by mountains or large water bodies, or at the margins of important large-scale circulation patterns making such locations more susceptible to nonlinear responses to future climate change. The identification of these patterns and processes will allow for a thorough evaluation of the ability of climate models to realistically simulate extreme temperatures and their future trends.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00709.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 18
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    The Response of Large-Scale Circulation to Obliquity-Induced Changes in Meridional Heating Gradients
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2014-07-15), p. 5504-5516
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2014-07-15), p. 5504-5516
    Abstract: The inter- and intrahemispheric climate responses to a change in obliquity are investigated using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1. (GFDL CM2.1). Reduced obliquity causes a weakening of the seasonal insolation contrast between the summer and winter hemispheres and a strengthening of the meridional insolation gradient within the summer hemisphere. The interhemispheric insolation change is associated with weakening of the cross-equatorial Hadley circulation and reduced heat transport from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere, in both the ocean and atmosphere. In contrast, the intrahemispheric insolation change is associated with increased midlatitude summer eddy activity as seen by the increased atmospheric heat transport at those latitudes. Analysis of the zonal mean atmospheric meridional overturning circulation on isentropic surfaces confirms the increase of the midlatitude eddy circulation, which is driven by changes of sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as changes in the stratification or distribution of entropy. It is suggested that the strengthening of this circulation is associated with an equatorward shift of the ascending branch of the winter Hadley cell.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00526.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2014
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 19
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    Predictability of Monthly North Pacific Sea Level Pressure from Monthly Sea Surface Temperature for the Period 1933–1976
    American Meteorological Society ; 1981
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 109, No. 10 ( 1981-10), p. 2107-2117
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 109, No. 10 ( 1981-10), p. 2107-2117
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-0644 , 1520-0493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1981)109〈2107:POMNPS〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1981
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 202616-8
    SSG: 14
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  • 20
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    Data_Sheet_1.CSV
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Earth Science Vol. 8 ( 2020-7-30)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2020-7-30)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6463
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.00260
    DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.00260.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741235-0
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