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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of various extracts of aerial parts of Fagonia indica Burm. F.
    African Journals Online (AJOL) ; 2021
    In:  Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-05-18), p. 791-797
    Details
    In: Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, African Journals Online (AJOL), Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-05-18), p. 791-797
    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic potentials of Fagonia indica Burm.f. Var. indica in order to provide scientific evidence for its traditional use. Methods: Cold maceration method was employed for the preparation of extracts of aerial parts of the plant using chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and water as solvents. Total flavonoid and polyphenolic content of various extracts were determined by standard methods. The antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of the extracts were determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and in vitro αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory assays, respectively. Results: Preliminary results indicated the presence of various phytochemicals in the extracts. The chloroform extract exhibited the highest contents of total flavonoids (65.98 ± 1.63 mg QE/g) and polyphenols (26.75 ± 1.09 mg GAE/g). This extract also showed the highest free radical scavenging (64.74 ± 1.43 %) with IC50 value of 34.18 ± 5.57 µg/mL while the methanol extract exerted the highest αglucosidase (maltase) inhibitory activity (45.22 ± 0.46 %) with half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 220.4 ± 0.41 µg/mL. Conclusion: The extracts of the aerial parts of Fagonia indica possess significant anti-diabetic and antioxidant effect, thus justifying the traditional use of the plant for treatment of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1596-9827 , 1596-5996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i4.16
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2125881-8
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A simple method to reduce infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunts : Clinical article
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 569-572
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2010-06), p. 569-572
    Abstract: Postoperative shunt infection is the most common and feared complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for treatment of hydrocephalus. The rate of shunt infection is highest in the 1st postoperative month. The most common organisms responsible for shunt infection include coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus . This suggests a transfer of patient's skin flora via the surgeons' glove as a possible means of infection. The authors conducted a study to determine if the rate of postoperative shunt infections could be reduced simply by changing gloves before handling the shunt catheter. Methods A total of 111 neonates born with congenital hydrocephalus requiring a VP shunt were enrolled retrospectively and divided into 2 groups: a control group of 54 neonates treated with standard protocol VP shunt placement (Group A) and a treatment group of 57 neonates in whom, after initially double gloving, the outer pair of gloves was removed before handling the shunt catheter (Group B). Shunt infection rates were compared up to 6 months postoperatively. Results There was a statistically significant reduction of infection rate from 16.33% in Group A (control) to 3.77% in Group B (p = 0.0458). Conclusions The study shows that a changing of gloves before handling the shunt catheter may be a simple and cost-effective way to reduce the burden of postoperative shunt infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1933-0707 , 1933-0715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2010.2.PEDS09151
    RVK:
    XA 55270.2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Cross-Sectoral Investigation of the Energy–Environment–Economy Causal Nexus in Pakistan: Policy Suggestions for Improved Energy Management
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5495-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5495-
    Abstract: This paper explored the energy–environment–economy (EEE) causal nexus of Pakistan, thereby reporting the causal determinants of the EEE nexus by employing the newly developed modified Peter and Clark (PC) algorithm. The modified PC algorithm was employed to investigate the causal ordering of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth across Pakistan’s domestic, industrial, transportation and agricultural sectors. An empirical comparison, i.e., following Monte Carlo simulation experiments demonstrates that the proposed modified PC algorithm is superior to the original PC proposition and can differentiate between true and spurious nexus causalities. Our results show that significant causality is running from energy consumption in industrial and agricultural sectors towards economic growth. There is no causal association between energy consumption and economic growth in the domestic and transportation sectors. On the other hand, causality runs from energy consumption in the transportation, domestic and industrial sectors towards CO2 emissions. It is concluded that energy consumption in industrial and agricultural sectors leads to economic growth alongside the associated CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the contribution of domestic and transportation sectors in economic growth is trivial with significant CO2 emissions. This paper provides novel empirical evidence of impacts of energy mismanagement at sectoral levels, economic output and environmental consequences; alongside policy recommendations for sustainable energy-based development on the national scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14175495
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation-Optimization of Tarbela Reservoir Operation to Enhance Multiple Benefits and to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-15), p. 2512-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-15), p. 2512-
    Abstract: Pakistan’s agriculture and economy rely heavily on the Tarbela Reservoir. The present storage capacity of Tarbela is 8.2 BCM and it has been depleted by more than 40% due to sedimentation since 1976. It also has had a 0.94 percent (0.134 BCM) decrease in gross reservoir capacity every year. Historically, the amount of sediment trapped in the Tarbela Reservoir during the period 1976–2020 was 198.5 million tonnes annually. Based on the current operation by the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), the delta is expected to extend to 2.41 km from the dam in 2035. The reservoir will become a run-of-the-river reservoir with a gross storage capacity of 2.87 BCM. This rapid loss of storage capacity will significantly impact reservoir benefits while also putting turbine performance at risk due to abrasion. Slowing the sediment deposition phenomena by a flexible operational strategy is a worthwhile aim from the dam manager’s viewpoint to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (i.e., poverty and hunger alleviation, clean affordable energy, protecting ecosystem etc.). Therefore, for the safe and long-term operation of the turbines, the existing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) adopted by WAPDA need to be appraised to delineate their impact on future optimized operations. The aspect of considering static SOPs on the whole period of reservoir operation has not been attempted earlier. The Tarbela Reservoir was selected as a case study to enhance the existing reservoir operation. The methodology relies upon the use of a 1-D sediment transport model in HEC-RAS to study the impact of the operational strategy on sedimentation. In conjunction, the existing reservoir operation of Tarbela was modelled in HEC-ResSim using its physical, operational, and 10-daily time-series data for simulation of releases and hydropower benefits based on a revised elevation-capacity curve for sedimentation. After calibration and validation, the model was applied to predict future reservoir operation impacts on a 5-year basis from 2025 to 2035 for determining storage capacity, irrigation releases, power production and energy generation. It was predicted that as the storage capacity of the reservoir is depleted (by application of the WAPDA current SOPs in future years), the irrigation releases would be increased in the Kharif season (April–September) by 7% and decreased by 50% in the Rabi season (October–March) with a corresponding increase in power generation by 4% and decrease by 37%, respectively, and the average annual energy generation would be decreased by 6.5%. The results showed that a gradual increase in the minimum operating level will slow down delta movement but it will reduce irrigation releases at times of high demand. The findings may assist water managers to improve the Tarbela Reservoir operation to achieve sustainable development goals and to attain societal future benefits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14162512
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 13767-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 13767-
    Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major advantages of EVs is that they emit fewer polluted gases. Other factors that must be addressed include an increase in fuel prices and a decline in energy resources such as fossil fuels. These characteristics have a greater impact on Pakistan’s clean and green image. Electric vehicles are becoming an attractive option for reducing global fossil fuel usage, as well as CO2 emissions, from road transportation. The electricity required to charge an EV’s battery is commonly sourced from the power grid. When EVs are charged by the electrical grid, there are significant power constraints in the system. To promote renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, specific solar system-based charging stations should be designed. Other benefits of renewable energy generation include increased grid flexibility and reduced grid congestion. Moreover, the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, has a huge potential for solar energy. This article investigates the possibility of designing a solar photovoltaic-based EV charging station for security bikes located in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Before installing a PV charging station, the charging station’s feasibility must be studied. The proposed study also analyzes the power reliability, energy cost, and CO2 emissions of a PV-powered charging station. The proposed system’s outcomes are compared to grid-based charging stations. In comparison to other existing approaches, there is a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including CO2, CO, SO2, and NOX. The proposed study anticipates the economic and environmental benefits of EV charging stations powered by renewable energy resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142113767
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ligament Reconstruction in Patients Operated Arthroscopically with Bone-Patellar Bone Graft Using Lysholm Score
    Army Medical College ; 2023
    In:  Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal Vol. 73, No. 3 ( 2023-06-05), p. 612-15
    Details
    In: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Army Medical College, Vol. 73, No. 3 ( 2023-06-05), p. 612-15
    Abstract: Objective: To assess the mean Lysholm score after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedic, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Oct 2020 to Apr 2021. Methodology: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was performed in 70 patients. Baseline characteristics were recorded, and patients were followed up for six months. Functional outcome was determined using the Lysholm score. Results: The mean age of patients was 32.38±11.83 years. The majority, 59(84.3%) of the patients were males. Of the 70 patients, 36(51.4%) had a right knee involved. The mean Lysholm score at baseline was 50.46±6.93. At six months, a Lysholm score of 85.49±9.05 was recorded, and the mean difference was found to be statistically significant (p 〈 0.001) using paired t-test. Conclusion: Significant change in Lysholm score at six months was observed in the study sample. Reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament with a bone-patellar-tendon bone graft improved the Lysholm score and, thus, functional outcome.Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL); Arthroscopy, Bone-patellar tendon-bone, Lysholm score.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2411-8842 , 0030-9648
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v73i3.6650
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Army Medical College
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2923742-7
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Criteria Relationship Analysis of Knowledge, Perception, and Attitude of Stakeholders for Engagement towards Maritime Pollution at Sea, Beach, and Coastal Environments
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 16443-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 16443-
    Abstract: The external influence due to the severe repercussions of unprecedented and un-attended pollution has put vulnerable marine ecosystems at high risk of irreversible damage. This business-as-usual scenario could render them unfit to offer sustenance along with innumerable ecosystem services. Since the Stockholm Conference on Human Environment 1972, there have been global efforts to raise awareness, build capacity, and govern the pollution issue for a sustainable solution. However, there is a growing concern about the adequacy of the desired level of mobilization and readiness so far achieved at the level of various stakeholders to respond to the issue of maritime pollution. In this context, the present study was aimed at assessing the relationship between knowledge, perception, and attitude of the stakeholders regarding their engagement towards maritime pollution at sea, beach, and coastal environments, by incorporating multi-criteria quantitative analysis method for a case study of Karachi area in Pakistan. The structured questionnaire incorporates Knowledge, Perception, and Attitude as three key variables for three principles; four standardized criteria each, with eighteen indicators transformed into queries by applying MCDA’s Simple Multi Attribute Rating (SMART) technique for scoring to quantify the feedback of 304 respondents through a ratio scale having nominal qualifiable classes. The analysis has offered insight into the ways the stakeholders are perpetrating pollution and how their respective actions are important in the abatement of marine pollution. One-tailed Pearson Correlation analysis reveals insignificant relationship between the variables, indicating that the level of understanding of the stakeholders has not developed opinions to an extent that would enable an appropriate behavioral approach toward the abatement of the pollution. It suggests inducing awareness, mobilization, and reforms to encourage collective action by all actors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142416443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    Microgels as efficient adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from aqueous medium
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Reviews in Chemical Engineering Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2019-02-25), p. 285-309
    Details
    In: Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2019-02-25), p. 285-309
    Abstract: Due to their responsive behavior, high stability, and reusability, microgels have gained importance as adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants such as heavy metals, nitroarenes, organic matter, and toxic dyes. However, there are few challenges that need to be addressed to make microgels as potential adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants. This review article encircles the recent developments in the field of microgel usage as adsorbents for the extraction of aqueous pollutants. Many factors that influence the adsorption of pollutants such as pH, temperature of the medium, agitation time, pollutant concentration, microgel dose, and feed contents of microgels have been discussed in detail. Different adsorption isotherms as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption process have also been enlightened to interpret the insight of the adsorption process. Microgel recovery from the reaction mixture as well as reusability is discussed from the financial point of view. The biodegradability of microgels induced due to the incorporation of specific biomacromolecules is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2191-0235 , 0167-8299
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2592648-2
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  • 19
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    Online Resource
    Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 2565-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2021-04-29), p. 2565-
    Abstract: As non-renewable conventional fossil fuel sources are depleting day by day, researchers are continually finding new ways of producing and utilizing alternative, renewable, and reliable fuels. Due to conventional technologies, the environment has been degraded seriously, which profoundly impacts life on earth. To reduce the emissions caused by running the compression ignition engines, waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel is one of the best alternative fuels locally available in all parts of the world. Different study results are reviewed with a clear focus on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics, and the impact on engine durability. Moreover, the environmental and economic impacts are also reviewed in this study. When determining the combustion characteristics of WCO biodiesel, the cylinder peak pressure value increases and the heat release rate and ignition delay period decreases. In performance characteristics, brake-specific fuel consumption increases while brake-specific energy consumption, brake power, and torque decrease. WCO biodiesel cuts down the emissions value by 85% due to decreased hydrocarbon, SO2, CO, and smoke emissions in the exhaust that will effectively save the environment. However, CO2 and NOx generally increase when compared to diesel. The overall economic impact of production on the utilization of this resource is also elaborated. The results show that the use of WCO biodiesel is technically, economically, environmentally, and tribologically appropriate for any diesel engine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14092565
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 20
    Online Resource
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    Energy-environment-economy causal nexus in Pakistan: A graph theoretic approach
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Energy Vol. 214 ( 2021-01), p. 118934-
    Details
    In: Energy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 214 ( 2021-01), p. 118934-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-5442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118934
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019804-8
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