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  • 11
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    Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Effects of Camel Milk Exosomes: An In Vitro Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 124-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 124-
    Abstract: Camel milk (CM) has potent antibacterial and antifungal effects and camel milk exosomes (CM-EXO) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a large variety of cancer cells including HepaRG, MCF7, Hl60, and PANC1. However, little is known regarding the effects of CM-EXO on bacteria, fungi, HepG2, CaCo2, and Vero cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects of CM-EXO. EXOs were isolated from CM by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry. Unlike CM, CM-EXO (6 mg/mL) had no bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Enterococcus feacalis) but they had bacteriostatic effects, especially against Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis), and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans. HepG2, CaCo2, and Vero cells were respectively treated with CM-EXOs at low (6.17, 3.60, 75.35 μg/mL), moderate (12.34, 7.20, 150.70 μg/mL), and high (24.68, 14.40, 301.40 μg/mL) doses and the results revealed that CM-EXOs triggered apoptosis in HepG2 and CaCo2 cells, but not in normal Vero cells, as revealed by high Bax expression and caspase 3 activities and lower expression of Bcl2. Interestingly, CM-EXOs also induced the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and downregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes (NrF2 and HO-1) in cancer cells but not in normal cells. CM-EXOs have antibacterial and antifungal effects as well as a selective anticancer effect against HepG2 and CaCo2 cells with a higher safety margin on normal cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020124
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768971-2
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  • 12
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    Value of TI-RADS and elastography strain ratio in predicting malignant thyroid nodules: experience from a single center in Egypt
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2023-06-26)
    Details
    In: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2023-06-26)
    Abstract: Thyroid nodules are highly prevalent in the general population; therefore, it is crucial to discriminate benign from malignant nodules. A practical thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) for thyroid nodules and ultrasound elastography are valuable tools not only for characterization of nodules but also for the selection of tumors for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US evaluation in the prediction of malignant thyroid nodules and evaluate the role of the elastography score, strain ratio (SR), and the TI-RADS scoring system as non-invasive tools in differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Material and methods A total of 1269 patients were evaluated between February 2017 and April 2020 by a single expert thyroid ultrasound operator. The final diagnosis was achieved from cytological and/or histological evaluation and follow-up for at least 1 year. Results There were 1088 females and 181 males with a mean age of 44 ± 10 SD. The final diagnosis was 1197 benign nodules and 72 malignant nodules. Most malignant nodules were scored elastography score 4 (83.3%) and TI-RADS category 5 (86.11%). We found that nodules with antero-posterior to transverse (A-P/T) diameter  〉  1, have 21 times more risk to be malignant than those with A-P/T diameter  〈  1, patients with solitary thyroid nodules have 4.5 times to develop malignancy compared to those with multinodular goiter (MNG), nodules with absent halo have 4 times more risk of malignancy. Furthermore, microcalcifications in thyroid nodules increase the risk of malignancy 9 times compared to those without calcifications. SR was found to be an excellent discriminator to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules with P   〈  0.001. Also, we found that for every unit increase in SR, the risk of malignancy increased by 20%. We reported that the accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of malignant thyroid nodules had a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 98%, 70% PPV, and 99.3% NPV, with an overall accuracy of 97.2%. Conclusion The application of ultrasonographic non-invasive criteria for thyroid nodules in clinical practice might significantly reduce the number of unnecessary FNAC. Elastography, SR, and TI-RADS classification could be good predictors for malignant thyroid nodules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-9098
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s43162-023-00227-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2734149-5
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  • 13
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    Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Synechocystis sp to be Used as a Flocculant Agent with Different Microalgae Strains
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2020
    In:  Current Nanomaterials Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-10-26), p. 175-187
    Details
    In: Current Nanomaterials, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-10-26), p. 175-187
    Abstract: Biofuels produced from trans-esterification of high lipid content in microalgae represent a promising alternative renewable source of energy to the limited and depleted global fossil fuel reservoir. The most critical step in such a process is the harvesting of algal cells. Objective: We aimed to improve the current methodology for microalgae harvesting via utilizing biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Synechocystis sp. ElfSCS31 as an eco-friendly, stable, and affordable flocculant agent. Methods: AgNPs were prepared by the green synthesis method using the alcoholic extract of Synechocystis sp. ElfSCS31. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Zeta sizer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Biosynthesised AgNPs were applied for harvesting 20 microalgae strains, and then, harvesting efficiency was determined by UV Spectrophotometry. Results: Our results revealed an average size of polydispersed nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 100 nm for prepared AgNPs and the potential of 1.78 mV, with an average crystallite size of 22 nm. Biosynthesised AgNPs exhibited harvesting efficiency towards different strains of microalgae, which reached 97% in some strains as in Chlorella lobophora and Chlorococcum oleofaciens. Conclusion: The presented study introduces a feasible strategy using biosynthesized AgNPs as a flocculant agent to harvest different strains of microalgae at normal growth conditions of light and temperature. Our developed method could replace the classical high-cost step of harvesting that leads to unravelling the full potential of microalgae as a promising and fascinating source for biofuels production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2405-4615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/2468187310999200605161200
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 14
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    Anticancer Effects of New Ceramides Isolated from the Red Sea Red Algae Hypnea musciformis in a Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: LC-HRMS Analysis Profile and Molecular Modeling
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-01-10), p. 63-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-01-10), p. 63-
    Abstract: Different classes of phytochemicals were previously isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis as sterols, ketosteroids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Herein, we report the isolation of three fatty acids—docosanoic acid 4, hexadecenoic acid 5, and alpha hydroxy octadecanoic acid 6—as well as three ceramides—A (1), B (2), and C (3)—with 9-methyl-sphinga-4,8-dienes and phytosphingosine bases. Additionally, different phytochemicals were determined using the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) technique. Ceramides A (1) and B (2) exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line when compared with doxorubicin as a positive control. Further in vivo study and biochemical estimation in a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) revealed that both ceramides A (1) and B (2) at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, significantly decreased the tumor size in mice inoculated with EAC cells. The higher dose (2 mg/kg) of ceramide B (2) particularly expressed the most pronounced decrease in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor -B (VEGF-B) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) markers, as well as the expression levels of the growth factor midkine in tumor tissue relative to the EAC control group. The highest expression of apoptotic factors, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 was observed in the same group that received 2 mg/kg of ceramide B (2). Molecular docking simulations suggested that ceramides A (1) and B (2) could bind in the deep grove between the H2 helix and the Ser240-P250 loop of p53, preventing its interaction with MDM2 and leading to its accumulation. In conclusion, this study reports the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of ceramides isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis in an experimental model of EAC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md20010063
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
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  • 15
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    Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of nanoformulations composed of metal-organic frameworks delivering rutin and/or piperine natural agents
    Informa UK Limited ; 2021
    In:  Drug Delivery Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 1478-1495
    Details
    In: Drug Delivery, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 1478-1495
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1071-7544 , 1521-0464
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1949073
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020593-4
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  • 16
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    Seasonal Changes in the Biochemical Composition of Dominant Macroalgal Species along the Egyptian Red Sea Shore
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 411-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 411-
    Abstract: Macroalgae are significant biological resources in coastal marine ecosystems. Seasonality influences macroalgae biochemical characteristics, which consequentially affect their ecological and economic values. Here, macroalgae were surveyed from summer 2017 to spring 2018 at three sites at 7 km (south) from El Qusier, 52 km (north) from Marsa Alam and 70 km (south) from Safaga along the Red Sea coast, Egypt. Across all the macroalgae collected, Caulerpa prolifera (green macroalgae), Acanthophora spicifera (red macroalgae) and Cystoseira myrica, Cystoseira trinodis and Turbinaria ornata (brown macroalgae) were the most dominant macroalgal species. These macroalgae were identified at morphological and molecular (18s rRNA) levels. Then, the seasonal variations in macroalgal minerals and biochemical composition were quantified to determine the apt period for harvesting based on the nutritional requirements for commercial utilizations. The chemical composition of macroalgae proved the species and seasonal variation. For instance, minerals were more accumulated in macroalgae C. prolifera, A. spicifera and T. ornata in the winter season, but they were accumulated in both C. myrica and C. trinodis in the summer season. Total sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and phenolic contents were higher in the summer season. Accordingly, macroalgae collected during the summer can be used as food and animal feed. Overall, we suggest the harvesting of macroalgae for different nutrients and metabolites in the respective seasons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12030411
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 17
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    Integration of Chemoinformatics and Multi-Omics Analysis Defines ECT2 as a Potential Target for Cancer Drug Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-18), p. 613-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-04-18), p. 613-
    Abstract: Epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2) is a potential oncogene and a number of recent studies have correlated it with the progression of several human cancers. Despite this elevated attention for ECT2 in oncology-related reports, there is no collective study to combine and integrate the expression and oncogenic behavior of ECT2 in a panel of human cancers. The current study started with a differential expression analysis of ECT2 in cancerous versus normal tissue. Following that, the study asked for the correlation between ECT2 upregulation and tumor stage, grade, and metastasis, along with its effect on patient survival. Moreover, the methylation and phosphorylation status of ECT2 in tumor versus normal tissue was assessed, in addition to the investigation of the ECT2 effect on the immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The current study revealed that ECT2 was upregulated as mRNA and protein levels in a list of human tumors, a feature that allowed for the increased filtration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and decreased the level of natural killer T (NKT) cells, which ultimately led to a poor prognosis survival. Lastly, we screened for several drugs that could inhibit ECT2 and act as antitumor agents. Collectively, this study nominated ECT2 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker, with reported inhibitors that represent potential antitumor drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12040613
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 18
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    DataSheet1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-1)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-1)
    Abstract: The potential of microalgae to produce valuable compounds has garnered considerable attention. However, there are various challenges that hinder their large-scale industrial utilization, such as high production costs and the complexities associated with achieving optimal growth conditions. Therefore, we investigated the effects of glycine at different concentrations on the growth and bioactive compounds production of Synechocystis sp. PAK13 and Chlorella variabilis cultivated under nitrogen availability. Glycine supplementation resulted in increased biomass and bioactive primary metabolites accumulation in both species. Sugar production, particularly glucose content, significantly improved in Synechocystis at 3.33 mM glycine (1.4 mg/g). This led to enhanced organic acid, particularly malic acid, and amino acids production. Glycine stress also influenced the concentration of indole-3-acetic acid, which was significantly higher in both species compared to the control. Furthermore, fatty acids content increased by 2.5-fold in Synechocystis and by 1.36-fold in Chlorella . Overall, the exogenous application of glycine is a cheap, safe, and effective approach to enhancing sustainable microalgal biomass and bioproducts production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-4185
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161911
    DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161911.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2719493-0
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  • 19
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    Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 107, No. 2 ( 2020-01-05), p. e161-e169
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 2 ( 2020-01-05), p. e161-e169
    Abstract: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P & lt; 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11326
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 20
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    Exploring Exogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid’s Effect on the Growth and Biochemical Profiles of Synechocystis sp. PAK13 and Chlorella variabilis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 5501-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 5501-
    Abstract: Microalgae have garnered scientific interest for their potential to produce bioactive compounds. However, the large-scale industrial utilization of microalgae faces challenges related to production costs and achieving optimal growth conditions. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application in improving the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in microalgae. To this end, the study employed different concentrations of exogenously administered IAA ranging from 0.36 µM to 5.69 µM to assess its influence on the growth and biochemical composition of Synechocystis and Chlorella. IAA exposure significantly increased IAA levels in both strains. Consequentially, improved biomass accumulation in parallel with increased total pigment content by approximately eleven-fold in both strains was observed. Furthermore, the application of IAA stimulated the accumulation of primary metabolites. Sugar levels were augmented, providing a carbon source that facilitated amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. As a result, amino acid levels were enhanced as well, leading to a 1.55-fold increase in total amino acid content in Synechocystis and a 1.42-fold increase in Chlorella. Total fatty acids content increased by 1.92-fold in Synechocystis and by 2.16-fold in Chlorella. Overall, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of exogenously adding IAA as a strategy for enhancing the accumulation of microalgae biomass and biomolecules. These findings contribute to the advancement of microalgae-based technologies, opening new avenues to produce economically important compounds derived from microalgae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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