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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal variability of tropospheric aerosols in Rome
    Elsevier BV ; 2012
    In:  Atmospheric Research Vol. 118 ( 2012-11), p. 205-214
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 118 ( 2012-11), p. 205-214
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0169-8095
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.026
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    On the Radiative Impact of Biomass-Burning Aerosols in the Arctic: The August 2017 Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-11), p. 313-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-11), p. 313-
    Abstract: Boreal fires have increased during the last years and are projected to become more intense and frequent as a consequence of climate change. Wildfires produce a wide range of effects on the Arctic climate and ecosystem, and understanding these effects is crucial for predicting the future evolution of the Arctic region. This study focuses on the impact of the long-range transport of biomass-burning aerosol into the atmosphere and the corresponding radiative perturbation in the shortwave frequency range. As a case study, we investigate an intense biomass-burning (BB) event which took place in summer 2017 in Canada and subsequent northeastward transport of gases and particles in the plume leading to exceptionally high values (0.86) of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 500 nm measured in northwestern Greenland on 21 August 2017. This work characterizes the BB plume measured at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; 76.53∘N, 68.74∘W) in August 2017 by assessing the associated shortwave aerosol direct radiative impact over the THAAO and extending this evaluation over the broader region (60∘N–80∘N, 110∘W–0∘E). The radiative transfer simulations with MODTRAN6.0 estimated an aerosol heating rate of up to 0.5 K/day in the upper aerosol layer (8–12 km). The direct aerosol radiative effect (ARE) vertical profile shows a maximum negative value of −45.4 Wm−2 for a 78∘ solar zenith angle above THAAO at 3 km altitude. A cumulative surface ARE of −127.5 TW is estimated to have occurred on 21 August 2017 over a portion (∼3.1×106 km2) of the considered domain (60∘N–80∘N, 110∘W–0∘E). ARE regional mean daily values over the same portion of the domain vary between −65 and −25 Wm−2. Although this is a limited temporal event, this effect can have significant influence on the Arctic radiative budget, especially in the anticipated scenario of increasing wildfires.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14020313
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of a Common Methodology to Select in Situ CO2 Observations Representative of the Atmospheric Background to an Italian Collaborative Network
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 246-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-02-12), p. 246-
    Abstract: We describe and implement a data selection algorithm aimed at identifying background atmospheric CO2 observations from in situ continuous measurements. Several selection criteria for detecting the background data have been developed and are currently used: the main objective of this work was to define a common methodology to extract the atmospheric background signal minimizing heterogeneities due to the use of different selection algorithms. The algorithm used in this study, (BaDS, Background Data Selection) was tested and optimized using data (from 2014 to 2018) from four Italian stations characterized by markedly different environmental conditions (i.e., mountain, coastal and marine): Plateau Rosa (PRS), Mt. Cimone (CMN), Capo Granitola (CGR) and Lampedusa (LMP). Their locations extend from the Alps to the central Mediterranean. The adopted algorithm proved to be effective in separating the local/regional from the background signal in the CO2 time series. About 6% of the data at LMP, 11% at PRS, 20–38% at CMN and 65% at CGR were identified as non-background. LMP and PRS can be used as reference sites for the central Mediterranean, while CMN and CGR were more impacted by regional sources and sinks. Finally, we discuss a possible application of BaDS screened data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020246
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Accounting for the Solar Radiation Influence on Downward Longwave Irradiance Measurements by Pyrgeometers
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 29, No. 11 ( 2012-11-01), p. 1629-1643
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 29, No. 11 ( 2012-11-01), p. 1629-1643
    Abstract: Measurements of broadband downward longwave (LW) irradiance are carried out at Lampedusa, Italy, in the Mediterranean, jointly with solar irradiance, since 2004 using shaded and unshaded Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometers (PIRs) and Kipp & Zonen CGR4 pyrgeometers. The calibrations of the different pyrgeometers are traceable to the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC). Nighttime measurements from intercalibrated pyrgeometers agree within ±2 W m−2. The performance of the pyrgeometers when operated unshaded has been analyzed by comparison with shaded instruments. For the PIR, the nonhomogeneous dome temperature in cloud-free conditions produces differences in LW irradiance within ±4 W m−2, depending on the time of the day and the season. The effect of the LW fraction of solar radiation reaching the sensor and a possible shortwave leakage of the dome interference filter produces differences between shaded and unshaded pyrgeometers during daytime. In cloud-free conditions, the unshaded PIR overestimates the LW irradiance measured by a shaded PIR by up to 10 W m−2, and by up to 12 W m−2 compared to a shaded CGR4. Conversely, the unshaded CGR4 LW irradiances agree with those of a shaded PIR within the measurements’ uncertainties. An empirical formula to correct the solar effect of the PIR has been derived. Applying this correction, the average LW irradiance overestimate for cloud-free conditions decreases from 3.8 ± 1.8 to 0.0 ± 1.3 W m−2 in spring, and from 3.2 ± 1.7 to 0.0 ± 1.3 W m−2 in summer. Thus, LW irradiance from an unshaded PIR can be derived within about ±2 W m−2 of a shaded PIR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00216.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds at the South Pole: 1. Stratospheric unperturbed conditions, 1990
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 102, No. D11 ( 1997-06-20), p. 12937-12943
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 102, No. D11 ( 1997-06-20), p. 12937-12943
    Abstract: Observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) carried out at the Amundsen Scott South Pole Station by lidar in the winter of 1990 are reported. Echoes attributable to PSCs began to appear in late May, were a persistent feature till early September, and from that time until the end of October were sporadically observed. Values of the backscatter ratio as high as 16 were recorded in late August at 13 km. Analyses based on the sensitivity of the backscattering to temperature confirm that the attribution of the echoes to PSC type I or II is possible in some cases. Those that could be ascribed to type II were observed mostly during July and August, while those attributable to type I appeared only at the beginning of the winter. The comparison of water vapor mixing ratios derived from PSC type II occurrence temperatures and frost point hygrometer measurements indicates a fast dehydration in the beginning of the winter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JD00360
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1997
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurements of Mediterranean aerosol radiative forcing and influence of the single scattering albedo
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 114, No. D6 ( 2009-03-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 114, No. D6 ( 2009-03-27)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011037
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
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    Assessing the Quality of Shortwave and Longwave Irradiance Observations over the Ocean: One Year of High-Time-Resolution Measurements at the Lampedusa Oceanographic Observatory
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 2383-2400
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 2019-12), p. 2383-2400
    Abstract: Measurements of downwelling shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) irradiance were carried out on an oceanographic buoy close to the island of Lampedusa (Italy), in the central Mediterranean Sea. Irradiance measurements on the buoy were acquired at high time resolution together with the radiometer pitch and roll angles. The measurements carried out during 2016 have been compared with ground-based observations made at the Lampedusa Atmospheric Observatory, about 15 km northeast of the buoy. The radiometers were compared before and after deployment on the buoy and are traceable to the World Radiometric Reference scale. The SW measurements were corrected for the thermal offset. A small bias (measurements over the sea are smaller than on land) of about −2 W m −2 is found in the daily mean SW, and a moderate bias of +6.2 W m −2 (irradiance over the sea is larger than on land) is found in the LW. Similar biases are found when instantaneous measurements obtained with horizontal radiometers, clean domes, and cloud-free conditions are selected, suggesting that impacts of the moving platform and poor dome cleaning are minor at this site. The effect of the mean tilt angle was also investigated. Deviations in the hourly mean SW irradiance are on the order of 20% for a mean offset of 4° with respect to the solar zenith angle; the effect of tilt angle on LW irradiance appears to be negligible. Radiative transfer calculations show that the observed biases may be ascribed to the differences in the instrument altitude (through radiation absorption, scattering, and emission by the atmospheric constituents in the lowest atmospheric layers) and in the SW surface albedo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0018.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observations of correlated behavior of stratospheric ozone and aerosol at Thule during winter 1991-1992
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1992
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 1992-09-23), p. 1823-1826
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 1992-09-23), p. 1823-1826
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/92GL01887
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1992
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
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    Constraining the ship contribution to the aerosol of the central Mediterranean
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2017-02-10), p. 2067-2084
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2017-02-10), p. 2067-2084
    Abstract: Abstract. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters lower than 10 µm, (PM10) aerosol samples were collected during summer 2013 within the framework of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) at two sites located north (Capo Granitola) and south (Lampedusa Island), respectively, of the main Mediterranean shipping route in the Straight of Sicily. The PM10 samples were collected with 12 h time resolutions at both sites. Selected metals, main anions, cations and elemental and organic carbon were determined. The evolution of soluble V and Ni concentrations (typical markers of heavy fuel oil combustion) was related to meteorology and ship traffic intensity in the Straight of Sicily, using a high-resolution regional model for calculation of back trajectories. Elevated concentration of V and Ni at Capo Granitola and Lampedusa are found to correspond with air masses from the Straight of Sicily and coincidences between trajectories and positions of large ships; the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer also appears to play a role, with high V values associated with strong inversions and a stable boundary layer. The V concentration was generally lower at Lampedusa than at Capo Granitola V, where it reached a peak value of 40 ng m−3. Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), La and Ce in particular, were used to identify possible contributions from refineries, whose emissions are also characterized by elevated V and Ni amounts; refinery emissions are expected to display high La ∕ Ce and La ∕ V ratios due to the use of La in the fluid catalytic converter systems. In general, low La ∕ Ce and La ∕ V ratios were observed in the PM samples. The combination of the analyses based on chemical markers, air mass trajectories and ship routes allows us to unambiguously identify the large role of the ship source in the Straight of Sicily. Based on the sampled aerosols, ratios of the main aerosol species arising from ship emission with respect to V were estimated with the aim of deriving a lower limit for the total ship contribution to PM10. The estimated minimum ship emission contributions to PM10 were 2.0 µg m−3 at Lampedusa and 3.0 µg m−3 at Capo Granitola, corresponding with 11 and 8.6 % of PM10, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-2067-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 10
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    Biogenic Aerosol in the Artic from Eight Years of MSA Data from Ny Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) and Thule (Greenland)
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-06-26), p. 349-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2019-06-26), p. 349-
    Abstract: In remote marine areas, biogenic productivity and atmospheric particulate are coupled through dimethylsulfide (DMS) emission by phytoplankton. Once in the atmosphere, the gaseous DMS is oxidized to produce H2SO4 and methanesulfonic acid (MSA); both species can affect the formation of cloud condensation nuclei. This study analyses eight years of biogenic aerosol evolution and variability at two Arctic sites: Thule (76.5° N, 68.8° W) and Ny Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E). Sea ice plays a key role in determining the MSA concentration in polar regions. At the beginning of the melting season, in April, up to June, the biogenic aerosol concentration appears inversely correlated with sea ice extent and area, and positively correlated with the extent of the ice-free area in the marginal ice zone (IF-MIZ). The upper ocean stratification induced by sea ice melting might have a role in these correlations, since the springtime formation of this surface layer regulates the accumulation of phytoplankton and nutrients, allowing the DMS to escape from the sea to the atmosphere. The multiyear analysis reveals a progressive decrease in MSA concentration in May at Thule and an increase in July August at Ny Ålesund. Therefore, while the MSA seasonal evolution is mainly related with the sea ice retreat in April, May, and June, the IF-MIZ extent appears as the main factor affecting the longer-term behavior of MSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070349
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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