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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploration of urban deposits: long-term prospects for resource and waste management
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 220-226
    Details
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 220-226
    Abstract: Many materials currently in use are potentially available to become raw materials for future production if the materials are recycled instead of discarded as solid waste. However, the structure and life-expectancy of these secondary resources have not been sufficiently examined, and comprehensive methods for forecasting the availability of such materials are still lacking. This study presents a method for identifying anthropogenic material stocks in combination with the method of material flow analysis (MFA). The method was applied to copper in Switzerland as an example, with the focus on use in buildings. The exploration concept was a three-step process. First, a MFA identified the relevant stocks within the inventory of the region. Second, these stocks were inventoried through a building stock model and determination of key parameters that were defined by surveying selected buildings and from the literature. Third, the study team developed a dynamic MFA model to describe the copper stocks and flows during the period 1900—2000. The results of the copper stock calculation (in kg capita —1 ) were: buildings 79 ± 11, infrastructure 107 ± 25, movables 34 ± 9, landfills 50 ± 12. The calibrated model enabled the study team to develop resource and waste management scenarios forecasting waste flows. It is shown that the conversion of buildings into other uses may affect the waste flows significantly.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0734242X07079183
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Challenges of metal recycling and an international covenant as possible instrument of a globally extended producer responsibility
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 902-910
    Details
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 902-910
    Abstract: As illustrated by the case studies of end-of-life vehicles and waste electric and electronic equipment, the approach of an extended producer responsibility is undermined by the exports of used and waste products. This fact causes severe deficits regarding circular flows, especially of critical raw materials such as platinum group metals. With regard to global recycling there seems to be a responsibility gap which leads somehow to open ends of waste flows and a loss or down-cycling of potential secondary resources. Existing product-orientated extended producer responsibility (EPR) approaches with mass-based recycling quotas do not create adequate incentives to supply waste materials containing precious metals to a high-quality recycling and should be amended by aspects of a material stewardship. The paper analyses incentive effects on EPR for the mentioned product groups and metals, resulting from existing regulations in Germany. It develops a proposal for an international covenant on metal recycling as a policy instrument for a governance-oriented framework to initiate systemic innovations along the complete value chain taking into account product group- and resource group-specific aspects on different spatial levels. It aims at the effective implementation of a central idea of EPR, the transition of a waste regime still focusing on safe disposal towards a sustainable management of resources for the complete lifecycle of products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0734242X11415311
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk
    American Diabetes Association ; 2018
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1887-1894
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 41, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 1887-1894
    Abstract: We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients’ relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2–51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06–1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS & gt;0.295, 95% CI 1.47–3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Anthropogenic Raw Material Stocks: A Retrospective Approach for Prospective Scenarios
    Informa UK Limited ; 2007
    In:  Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report Vol. 22, No. 1-2 ( 2007-12), p. 62-71
    Details
    In: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 22, No. 1-2 ( 2007-12), p. 62-71
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1404-1049 , 1651-2286
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14041040701390815
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049430-0
    SSG: 19,1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-07-04)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-07-04)
    Abstract: Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38900-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Towards a More Sustainable Use of Scarce MetalsA Review of Intervention Options along the Metals Life Cycle
    Oekom Publishers GmbH ; 2012
    In:  GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2012-12-11), p. 300-309
    Details
    In: GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, Oekom Publishers GmbH, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2012-12-11), p. 300-309
    Abstract: In the past few decades, geochemically scarce metals have become increasingly relevant for emerging technologies in domains such as energy supply and storage, information and communication, lighting or transportation, which are regarded as cornerstones in the transition towards a sustainable post-fossil society. Accordingly, the supply risks of scarce metals and possible interventions towards their more sustainable use have been subject to an intense debate in recent studies. In this article, we integrate proposed intervention options into a generic life cycle framework, taking into account issues related to knowledge provision and to the institutional setting. As a result, we obtain a landscape of intervention fields that will have to be further specified to more specific intervention profiles for scarce metals or metals families. The envisioned profiles are expected to have the potential to reduce action contingency and to contribute to meeting the sustainability claims often associated with emerging technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0940-5550
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14512/gaia.21.4.15
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oekom Publishers GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2901363-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2111556-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1114994-2
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Material system analysis: Characterization of flows, stocks, and performance indicators of manganese, nickel, and natural graphite in the EU, 2012–2016
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Industrial Ecology Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2022-08), p. 1247-1260
    Details
    In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 2022-08), p. 1247-1260
    Abstract: Raw materials form an industrial base to provide the wide range of products and services demanded by industry and society. In particular, manganese, nickel, and natural graphite are examples of materials having a globally consolidated supply chain with interlinked use in steelmaking and essential role in clean energy systems and e‐mobility. A stable material supply chain is hence a priority for import‐dependent regions like the EU and builds upon quantitative system understanding. To this aim, the EU Material System Analysis is applied to analyze the anthropogenic cycle of manganese, nickel, and natural graphite from 2012 to 2016. We provide a detailed characterization of their material stocks, flows, and changes in selected performance indicators including end‐of‐life recycling rate (51% ± 3%, 49% ± 8%, and 8% ± 0% for manganese, nickel, and natural graphite, respectively), self‐sufficiency potential (40% ± 3%, 32% ± 5%, and 5% ± 1%), old scrap ratio (31% ± 0%, 22% ± 2%, and 90% ± 1%), recycling input rate (25% ± 1%, 38% ± 2%, and 3% ± 0%), recycling process efficiency rate (84% ± 2%, 85% ± 6%, and 48% ± 3%), and pre‐consumer losses rate (83% ± 3%, 5% ± 1%, and 24% ± 2%). The achieved results may inform decision‐makers engaged with raw materials recovery and recycling as well as the strategic securement of a reliable material supply to the EU for resilient industrial ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-1980 , 1530-9290
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.v26.4
    DOI: 10.1111/jiec.13226
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2035542-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1397149-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes
    American Diabetes Association ; 2019
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 192-199
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2019-02-01), p. 192-199
    Abstract: There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A] , and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P & lt; 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody–positive, 13% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody–positive, 12% for single autoantibody–positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody–positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody–positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
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