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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hyperfine Spectroscopy of Isotopically Engineered Group-IV Color Centers in Diamond
    American Physical Society (APS) ; 2023
    In:  PRX Quantum Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2023-10-2)
    Details
    In: PRX Quantum, American Physical Society (APS), Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2023-10-2)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2691-3399
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.040301
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    Physical and biogeochemical forcing of oxygen and nitrate changes during El Niño/El Viejo and La Niña/La Vieja upper-ocean phases in the tropical eastern South Pacific along 86° W
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2013-10-09), p. 6339-6355
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2013-10-09), p. 6339-6355
    Abstract: Abstract. Temporal changes in the water mass distribution and biogeochemical signals in the tropical eastern South Pacific are investigated with the help of an extended optimum multi-parameter (OMP) analysis, a technique for inverse modeling of mixing and biogeochemical processes through a multidimensional least-square fit. Two ship occupations of a meridional section along 85°50' W from 14° S to 1° N are analysed during relatively warm (El Niño/El Viejo, March 1993) and cold (La Niña/La Vieja, February 2009) upper-ocean phases. The largest El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact was found in the water properties and water mass distribution in the upper 200 m north of 10° S. ENSO promotes the vertical motion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) associated with the hypoxic equatorial subsurface water (ESSW). During a cold phase the core of the ESSW is found at shallower layers, replacing shallow (top 200 m) subtropical surface water (STW). The heave of isopycnals due to ENSO partially explains the intrusion of oxygen-rich and nutrient-poor antarctic intermediate water (AAIW) into the depth range of 150–500 m. The other cause of the AAIW increase at shallower depths is that this water mass flowed along shallower isopycnals in 2009. The shift in the vertical location of AAIW reaching the OMZ induces changes in the amount of oxygen advected and respired inside the OMZ: the larger the oxygen supply, the greater the respiration and the lower the nitrate loss through denitrification. Variations in the intensity of the zonal currents in the equatorial current system, which ventilates the OMZ from the west, are used to explain the patchy latitudinal changes of seawater properties observed along the repeated section. Significant changes reach down to 800 m, suggesting that decadal variability (Pacific decadal oscillation) is also a potential driver in the observed variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-6339-2013
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-6339-2013-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Introduction to special section: World Ocean Circulation Experiment: South Atlantic Results
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 104, No. C9 ( 1999-09-15), p. 20859-20861
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. C9 ( 1999-09-15), p. 20859-20861
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JC900186
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 4
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    Changes in the pool of Labrador Sea Water in the subpolar North Atlantic
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2007-03-24)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2007-03-24)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL028959
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Circulation, eddies, oxygen, and nutrient changes in the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Ocean Science Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2015-06-22), p. 455-470
    Details
    In: Ocean Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2015-06-22), p. 455-470
    Abstract: Abstract. A large subsurface oxygen deficiency zone is located in the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean (ETSP). The large-scale circulation in the eastern equatorial Pacific and off the coast of Peru in November/December 2012 shows the influence of the equatorial current system, the eastern boundary currents, and the northern reaches of the subtropical gyre. In November 2012 the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) is centered at 250 m depth, deeper than in earlier observations. In December 2012, the equatorial water is transported southeastward near the shelf in the Peru–Chile undercurrent (PCUC) with a mean transport of 1.4 Sv. In the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), the flow is overlaid with strong eddy activity on the poleward side of the OMZ. Floats with parking depth at 400 m show fast westward flow in the mid-depth equatorial channel and sluggish flow in the OMZ. Floats with oxygen sensors clearly show the passage of eddies with oxygen anomalies. The long-term float observations in the upper ocean lead to a net community production estimate at about 18° S of up to 16.7 mmol C m−3 yr−1 extrapolated to an annual rate and 7.7 mmol C m−3 yr−1 for the time period below the mixed layer. Oxygen differences between repeated ship sections are influenced by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), by the phase of El Niño, by seasonal changes, and by eddies, and hence have to be interpreted with care. At and south of the Equator the decrease in oxygen in the upper ocean since 1976 is related to an increase in nitrate, phosphate, and in part silicate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1812-0792
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/os-11-455-2015
    DOI: 10.5194/os-11-455-2015-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
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    On the role of mesoscale eddies for the biological productivity and biogeochemistry in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean off Peru
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2013-11-14), p. 7293-7306
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2013-11-14), p. 7293-7306
    Abstract: Abstract. Mesoscale eddies seem to play an important role for both the hydrography and biogeochemistry of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETSP) off Peru. However, detailed surveys of these eddies are not available, which has so far hampered an in depth understanding of their implications for nutrient distribution and biological productivity. In this study, three eddies along a section at 16°45´ S have been surveyed intensively during R/V Meteor cruise M90 in November 2012. A coastal mode water eddy, an open ocean mode water eddy and an open ocean cyclonic eddy have been identified and sampled in order to determine both their hydrographic properties and their influence on the biogeochemical setting of the ETSP. In the thermocline the temperature of the coastal anticyclonic eddy was up to 2 °C warmer, 0.2 more saline and the swirl velocity was up to 35 cm s−1. The observed temperature and salinity anomalies, as well as swirl velocities of both types of eddies were about twice as large as had been described for the mean eddies in the ETSP. The observed heat and salt anomalies (AHA, ASA) of the anticyclonic eddy near the shelf-break of 17.7 × 1018 J and 36.6 × 1010 kg are more than twice as large as the mean AHA and ASA for the ETSP. We found that the eddies contributed to the productivity by maintaining pronounced subsurface maxima of chlorophyll of up to 6 μg L−1. Based on a comparison of the coastal (young) mode water eddy and the open ocean (old) mode water eddy we suggest that the ageing of eddies when they detach from the shelf-break and move westward to the open ocean influences the eddies' properties: chlorophyll maxima are reduced to about half (2.5–3 μg L−1) and nutrients are subducted. However, different settings at the time of formation may also contribute to the observed differences between the young and old mode water eddies. The coastal mode water eddy was found to be a site of nitrogen (N) loss in the OMZ with a maximum ΔNO3− anomaly (i.e. N loss) of about −25 μmol L−1 in 250 m water depth, whereas, the open ocean mode water and cyclonic eddies were of minor and negligible importance for the N loss, respectively. Our results show that the important role of eddies for the distribution of nutrients, as well as biogeochemical processes in the ETSP (and other OMZ/upwelling regions) can only be fully deciphered and understood through dedicated high spatial and temporal resolution oceanographic/biogeochemical surveys.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-7293-2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early concepts and charts of ocean circulation
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Progress in Oceanography Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 1996-1), p. 1-115
    Details
    In: Progress in Oceanography, Elsevier BV, Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 1996-1), p. 1-115
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0079-6611
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6611(96)80002-4
    RVK:
    RB 10402
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
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    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
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    Deep water masses and transports in the Vema Fracture Zone
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 43, No. 7 ( 1996-7), p. 1067-1074
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 43, No. 7 ( 1996-7), p. 1067-1074
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0967-0637(96)00044-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
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    SSG: 14
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  • 9
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    Currents and transports of the Great Whirl‐Socotra Gyre system during the summer monsoon, August 1993
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 101, No. C2 ( 1996-02-15), p. 3573-3587
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 101, No. C2 ( 1996-02-15), p. 3573-3587
    Abstract: From August 11 to 22, 1993, a conductivity‐temperature‐depth/acoustic Doppler current profiler survey was carried out in the Somali‐Socotra region to investigate currents and transports associated with the Great Whirl and Socotra Gyre circulation during the height of the summer monsoon. The monsoon circulation was confined to the upper 300 m depth, with intense surface currents up to 2.2 m s −1 in the Great Whirl and up to 1.4 m s −1 in the Socotra Gyre. Deeper‐reaching flow was found in the northwestern part of the Somali Basin and in the passage between the shelf of Somalia and Abd al Kuri. The Great Whirl transport was 58 Sv, of which nearly 25% were due to ageostrophic flow components. The northern part of the Great Whirl thereby appeared as a closed circulation cell in which the offshore transport was balanced by a southward transport of the same magnitude. Upwelled water was advected from the cold wedge of the upwelling regime at the Somali coast along the edge of the gyre. The water in the center of the gyre had the characteristics of Indian Equatorial Water (IEW). The Socotra Gyre carried 23 Sv of modified Arabian Sea Water (ASW). With the transports in the two anticyclonic gyres nearly balanced, the exchange of water masses between the Somali Basin, west of the Carlsberg Ridge, and the Arabian Sea occurred in two areas; about 16 Sv of warm and saline surface water of southern offshore origin entered the northern Somali Basin within a 120‐km‐wide swift current between the Great Whirl and the Socotra Gyre. The other key region for the exchange of water masses was the passage between Somalia and Abd al Kuri. There, the total northward transport was 13 Sv, with contributions of IEW, of upwelled water close to the surface, and ASW underneath.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/95JC03617
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
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    The flow field of the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 102, No. C3 ( 1997-03-15), p. 5513-5530
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 102, No. C3 ( 1997-03-15), p. 5513-5530
    Abstract: The mean state of the transport field of the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean has been derived for the upper 1000 m from selected historical hydrographic data. The subtropical gyre in the southwestern Indian Ocean is stronger than the flow in the other two oceans of the southern hemisphere. Most of the water in the South Indian gyre recirculates in the western and central parts of the basin. In the upper 1000 m the eastward transport of the South Indian Ocean Current starts with 60 Sv in the region southeast of South Africa. Between the longitudes of 40° and 50°E about 20 Sv of the 60 Sv recirculates in a southwest Indian subgyre. Another major diversion northward occurs between 60° and 70°E. At 90°E the remaining 20 Sv of the eastward flow splits up, 10 Sv going north to join the westward flow and only 10 Sv continuing in a northeastward direction to move northward near Australia. Near Australia, there is indication of the poleward flowing Leeuwin Current with a transport of 5 Sv. In the central tropical Indian Ocean between 10°S and 20°S, about 15 Sv flows to the west. The western boundary current of this subtropical gyre consists of the Agulhas Current along the east coast of southern Africa. Its mean flow is composed of 25 Sv from east of Madagascar and 35 Sv from recirculation in the southwest Indian subgyre south of Madagascar, with only 5 Sv being contributed from the Mozambique Channel. A net southward transport of 10 Sv results for the upper 1000 m of the South Indian Ocean. In contrast to the triangular shape of the subtropical gyre in the South Atlantic, probably caused by the cross‐equatorial flow into the North Atlantic, the area influenced by the subtropical gyre in the South Indian Ocean is more rectangular.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96JC03455
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1997
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    SSG: 16,13
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